CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODRESEARCH METHOD
G. Technique of Analyzing Data
To analyze the data, the data was gathered through written test. They were writing the meaning of the words, matching the meaning and definition, classified the words, and writing sentences. There were 50 questions. Each answer was scored 1 which based on scoring requirements, there are:
1. Add 1 point for correct answer.
2. Give 0 point for each incorrect answer.
3. Two or more answers ignored.
Then, giving the total score for each worksheet. Since the test result were raw scores so that it was necessary to multiply them by 100 to get more meaningful numerical data. The steps to collect data was undertaken by quantitative analyses as follow:
1. Scoring the students answer.
2. Raw scores converted to set score of maximum 100, using the following simple formula:
A student’s score = the correct answer the maximal score x 100 3. Classifying the students’ raw score into five levels as follows:
Score 91–100 : Very Good Score 76–90 : Good Score 61–75 : Fair Score 51–60 : Poor
Score less than 50 : Very Poor (Depdikbud, 1985)
4. Computing the frequency and the rate percentage of the students’
scores:
P 100%
N F x
Where: P = percentage F = frequency
N = the total number of students (Gay, 1981)
5. Calculating the mean score of the students’ answer by using the formula:
X N
X
Where: X = mean score
∑X= total row score
N = the total number of students (Gay, 1981:331) 6. Finding the information percentage of the students improvement in
vocabulary. The formula as follows :
% = x 100
Where : % = the percentage of improvement X2 = the total score of Post-test
X1 = the total score of Pre-test (Gay, 1981)
7. Finding out the significant different between pre-test and post-test by calculating the value of the test. The researcher used the formula as follow:
= ∑D
Where : D = The mean deviation
∑D = The sum of the deviation
N = The totalnumber of students’ (Gay, 1987: 404)
t = D
∑ D − (∑ D)N N(N − 1)
Where : T = Test of significance D = Mean of score
∑D = Sum of total score difference
∑ 2 = Square of the sum of the total score difference N = Totalnumber of students’
1 = A Constant number (Gay, 1981:332)
CHAPTER IV
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION A. The Finding
The finding obtained through the vocabulary in second year students’ of SMP Negeri 20 Makassar, are presented as follows :
1. The rate percentage of the students’ score obtains through vocabulary test The pre-test and post-test result of the students’ for experimental group tabulated as follows :
Table 2
The Percentage of the Students’ Score
No. Classification Range
Frequency Percentage Pre-test
(X1)
Post-test (X2)
Pre-test (%)
Post-test (%)
1. Very good 91-100 - 6 - 22.23%
2. Good 76-90 2 17 7.41% 62.96%
3. Fair 61-75 9 4 33.33% 14.81%
4. Poor 51-60 9 - 33.33% -
5. Very poor ≤50 7 - 25.93% -
Amount of 27 27 100.00% 100.00%
Sources : Result of research, 2015.
Table 1 above shows that in pre-test none of students’ got very good score.
There were two (7.41%) students’ got good score, there were nine (33.33%) students’ got fair score, there nine (33.33%) students’ got poor score, and there seven (25.93%) students’ got very poor score.
While in the post-test, there were six (22.23%) students’ got very good score, there were seventeen (62.96%) students’ got good score, there were four (14.81%) students’ got fair score, and no one of the students; got poor and very poor score.
The mean score of the students’ score of pre-test and post-test. It has an improvement from the means score between pre-test and post-test, namely 85.15
> 61.18 (the mean score of post-test is greater than pre-test).
Graphic 1
2. The Students’ Mean Score
After calculating the result of the students’ pre-test and post-test, the mean score and standard deviations of the students’ by using crossword puzzle to enhance students’ vocabulary, are as follow:
0
7,41
33,33 33,33
25,93 22,23
62,96
14,81
0 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Very Good Good Fair Poor Very Poor
The Percentage of Students' Vocabulary Score
Pre-Test Post-Test
Table 3
The Students’ Mean Score
Test Mean Score
Pre-test (X1) Post-test (X2)
61.18 85.15 Sources : Result of research, 2015.
Table 2 above shows that the mean score of the students’ pre-test is 61.18 and the mean score of the post-test is 85.15; So, the mean score of the students’
post-test are higher than the mean score of the pre-test. This means that teaching by using Crossword Puzzle can enhance the students’ vocabulary mastery.
3. The Students’ Improvement Vocabulary by Using Crossword Puzzle After giving the treatment and the test, the researcher calculate all the data and finds the result as follow:
Table 4
The Students’ Improvement Vocabulary of Pre-test and Post-test
Test Mean Score Improvement (%)
Pre-test Post-test
61.18 85.15
39.18
Sources : Result of research, 2015.
Table 3 above indicates that the students’ means score in pre-test is 61.18 and post-test is 81.15; Therefore, it can be calculated that the students’ progress is 39.18%.
From the students’ score of the pre-test, there was two out of 27 students got 80 score, three students got 75 score, four students got 70 score, two students got 65 score, eight students got 60 score, one student got 55 score, four students got 50 score, one student got 44 score, one student got 40 score, one student got 38 score. And the sum of pre-test is 1,652 and means score is 61.18.
While from the students’ post-test, there was one student got 96 score out of the 27 students’. There two students got 95 score, one student got 94 score, one student got 92 score, one student got 91 score, two students got 89 score, two students got 88 score, two students got 87 score, three students got 85 score, four students got 84 score, two students got 82 score, one student got 80 score, one student got 79 score, two students got 75 score, and two students got 72 score.
And the sum of post-test is 2,299 and means score is 85.15.
0 20 40 60 80 100
PRE-TEST 61,18
From the students’ score of the pre-test, there was two out of 27 students got 80 score, three students got 75 score, four students got 70 score, two students got 65 score, eight students got 60 score, one student got 55 score, four students got 50 score, one student got 44 score, one student got 40 score, one student got 38 score. And the sum of pre-test is 1,652 and means score is 61.18.
While from the students’ post-test, there was one student got 96 score out of the 27 students’. There two students got 95 score, one student got 94 score, one student got 92 score, one student got 91 score, two students got 89 score, two students got 88 score, two students got 87 score, three students got 85 score, four students got 84 score, two students got 82 score, one student got 80 score, one student got 79 score, two students got 75 score, and two students got 72 score.
And the sum of post-test is 2,299 and means score is 85.15.
PRE-TEST
POST-TEST
IMPROVEMENTTHE 61,18
85,15
39,18
Graphic 2
The Improvement of the Students
From the students’ score of the pre-test, there was two out of 27 students got 80 score, three students got 75 score, four students got 70 score, two students got 65 score, eight students got 60 score, one student got 55 score, four students got 50 score, one student got 44 score, one student got 40 score, one student got 38 score. And the sum of pre-test is 1,652 and means score is 61.18.
While from the students’ post-test, there was one student got 96 score out of the 27 students’. There two students got 95 score, one student got 94 score, one student got 92 score, one student got 91 score, two students got 89 score, two students got 88 score, two students got 87 score, three students got 85 score, four students got 84 score, two students got 82 score, one student got 80 score, one student got 79 score, two students got 75 score, and two students got 72 score.
And the sum of post-test is 2,299 and means score is 85.15.
Graphic 2
Table 5
The Students’ Achievement
No Indicators
Students’ Scores
& Mean Score in Pre-test
Students’ Scores &
Mean Score in Post-test
Improvement (%)
1. Noun 1895 70.18 2310 85.56 21.92%
2. Verb
1159.99 42.96 2260.02 83.70 94.83%
3. Adjective 1960 72.59 2399.98 88.89 22.45%
Total Score 5014.99 185.73 6970 258.15
38.99%
Mean Score X 1671.66 61.91 2323.33 86.05 Sources : Result of research, 2015.
The data in the table above shows the students’ scores in analyzing and Evaluating questions in pre-test and post-test. The students’ pre-test mean score 61.91 and 86.05 in post-test. The achievement of post-test is greater than pre-test (86.05 > 61.91). Based on the table above there are significant developments of the students’ scores before and after treatment and there were percentage of improvement. It can be compared there are significant difference of results between the pre-test data and post-test data. In this case, the students’ score of post-test is greater than students’ score in the pre-test. The total score of students’
classification in pre-test based on all the indicators of vocabulary (Noun, Verb, and Adjective) is 5014.99 and the total score in the post-test is 6970.
4. Hypothesis Testing
In order to know whether or not the difference between pre-test and post- test is statically significant, the t-test statical analysis for non-independent sample employed. The result of t-test : 17.22
Table 6 Hypothesis Testing
Variable T-test value T-table value
Vocabulary Test 17.16 2.056
Sources : Result of research, 2015.
Table 6 shows that the t-test value (17.16) is greater than t-table value (2.056). Based on this result, it is concluded that difference of both means is statically significant.
The calculation of t-test found out whether the different between the means scores of the pre-test and that of the post-test was significant, the researcher used the formula at the previous chapter. After calculation the t-test value, then it is compared with the value of t-table with the level of significance p
= 0.05 with the degree of freedom (df = 26), because the total number of students was 27 students ( N – 1 = 26 ), so (df = 26). The value of t-test value is greater than t-table value.
The t-test value for vocabulary is 17.16 and the t-table for vocabulary is 2.056; it means that the t-test is greater than the t-table. This shows that mean score difference between pre-test and post-test is statically significant.
These findings are used to determine whether or not the hypothesis stated in this research is statically proved. As being stated in previous chapter that the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected when the value of t-test is greater than the value of t-table and the alternative hypothesis (H1) is accepted. Therefore, based on the above result where the value of t-test is greater than the value of t-table, the alternative hypothesis (H1) is accepted and the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected this means that the hypothesis “ There is a significance difference of the students’
vocabulary enhancement before and after teaching through Crossword Puzzle Technique“ is accepted ( p = 0.05; df = 26 ).
From the analysis above, the researcher concluded that there is a significant difference between pre-test and post-test in the use Crossword Puzzle to Enhance Students’ Vocabulary.