BAB III METHODOLOGY OF RESERACH
F. Technique of Data Analysis
In scoring the written test, the cumulative score ranging from 0-100. To know the students achievement in writing ability, there are some criteria that is considered.
According to Brown there are five components scale name: content, organization, vocabulary, language use and mechanic.3
Table 3.1 the classification of students’ writing test scoring rubric4
Classification Score Level Criteria
Content 30-27 Excellent to very good: knowledge, substantive development of topic, relevant to assigned topic.
26-22 Good to arrange: some knowledge, of subject, adequate range, limited development of topic, but lack details.
2 Suharsini Arikunto, Procedure Penelitian(Jakarta: PT.RinekaCipta, 1997)P.177.
3 Arthur Hughes, Testing for Language Teachers, Second Edition (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003),p. 104.
4 J. B Heaton, Writing English Language Test (London and New York: Longman Group UK Limited, 1991), P. 146.
21-17 Fair to poor: limited knowledge of subject, the title substance, inadequate development of topic.
16-13 Very poor: does not show knowledge of subject, non-substantive, not pertinent or not enough to evaluate.
Organization
20-18 Excellent to very good: fluent expression ideas clearly stated/supported succinct, well organized, logical, sequencing, cohesive.
17-14 Good to average: somewhat choppy, loosely organized but main ideas stand out. Limited support, logical but incomplete sequencing.
13-10 Fair to poor: non fluent, ideas confused or disconnected, lacks logical sequencing.
9-7 Very poor: does not communicate, no organized.
Vocabulary
20-18 Excellent to very good: sophisticated range, effective word/idiom choice and usage.
17-14 Good to average: adequate rang, occasional errors of word/idiom form, choice, usage, meaning not confused or obscured.
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13-10 Fair to poor: limited range, frequent errors of word/idiom form, choice, and usage, etc.
9-7 Very poor: essentially translation, title, knowledge of English vocabulary.
Language use
25-22 Excellent to very good: effective complex construction, few errors agreement, tense, number, word order/function, articles, pronouns, preposition.
21-18 Good to average: effective but simple/complex construction, minor problem in complex construction, several errors of agreement, tense, number, word, order/function, articles, pronouns, preposition, but meaning seldom obscured.
17-11 Fair to poor: major problem simple/
complex construction: frequent errors of negation, agreements, tense, number word/function, articles, pronouns, preposition, and/or fragments, deletion, meaning confused.
10-5 Very poor: virtually no mastery of sentence contributions rules. Dominated by errors, does not communicate, or not
enough to evaluate.
Mechanics
5 Excellent to very good: demonstrated mastery conventions. Few errors of spelling, function, capitalization, paragraphing.
4 Good to arrange: occasional errors of spelling, function, capitalization, paragraphing, but meaning not obscured.
3 Fair to poor: frequent errors of spelling, punctuation, capitalization, paragraphing, poor handwriting, meaning confused or obscured
2 Very poor: no mastery of conventions dominated by errors of spelling, punctuation, capitalization, paragraphing, handwriting illegible, or not enough to evaluate.
2. The Classification of the Students’ Score Table 3.2 the classification students’ score.5
Classification Score
Excellent 86-100
5Suharsimi Arikunto, Dasar-Dasar evaluasi Pendidikan (Edisi Revisi) (Jakarta: PT. Bumi Aksara, 2005),p.245.
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Good 71-85
Fairy 56-70
Poor 41-55
Very Poor <40
3. To get the mean of students' writing score uses the formula:6 Table 3.3 Students’ scoring of test
Score = Students’ correct X100
The total item
a. Finding out the mean score by using the following formula:
𝑀𝑥 = (∑ 𝑥 𝑁𝑥)
In which:
Mχ = Mean χ = Total score
Nχ = Number of students
b. To get the class percentage which passes the KKM, uses the formula:7
6Anas Sudijono, Pengantar Statistik Pendidikan, (Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada, 2008), p.81.
7Anas Sudijono, Pengantar Statistik Pendidikan, (Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada, 2008), p.43.
P = 𝐹
𝑁X 100%
P = Percentage F = Frequency
N = Total number of students
36 BAB IV
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
A. Findings
The result of this study was the grading of the students' test. It aims to find answers to research questions. The researcher has set up a test to know the student's learning results when writing a narrative paragraph.
1. Students’ Learning Outcomes in writing narrative text through E-Book a. The students’ score in test
The researcher gave test to know the students’ learning outcomes in writing. Every member got the picture and explained it then the researcher found out the result of students’ writing narrative text based on the criteria of writing skill which are content, organization, vocabulary, language use and mechanics. The result was shown in the following table:
Table 4.1 the students’ writing score in test based on writing narrative text No Name Class Content Organization Vocabulary Language
use
Mechanic Score
1 JI X.A 24 14 13 17 3 71
2 SIKA X.A 23 14 14 16 4 71
3 NS X.A 25 13 15 18 4 75
4 AN X.A 23 14 14 16 3 70
5 KM X.A 21 12 15 17 3 68
6 NL X.A 23 13 13 16 3 68
7 IST X.A 24 12 13 17 4 70
8 NM X.A 24 13 14 18 4 73
9 NF X.A 24 14 13 17 4 72
10 NH X.A 27 18 17 17 4 83
11 NNN X.A 21 13 13 17 3 67
12 NRR X.A 27 19 18 19 4 87
13 NAR X.B 26 18 16 17 4 81
14 MD X.B 27 17 18 23 4 89
15 MT X.B 28 19 18 21 4 90
16 FT X.B 29 19 18 21 5 92
17 ABA X.B 27 16 17 21 4 85
18 WH X.B 26 15 13 17 3 74
19 MZM X.B 27 17 18 22 4 88
20 MA X.B 26 16 17 22 4 85
21 AD X.B 27 19 19 22 4 91
22 MRS X.B 28 19 18 23 4 92
23 MAA X.B 28 18 19 22 4 91
24 AS X.B 24 17 16 21 3 81
25 RH X.B 21 14 15 17 3 70
26 KD X.B 24 16 13 19 4 76
27 HK X.B 23 15 12 18 3 71
28 RD X.B 24 17 17 18 3 79
29 WN X.B 21 12 11 17 3 64
30 HN X.B 24 18 15 17 4 78
Total 746 471 462 563 110 2352
from the table above shows the students' writing narrative text scores based on the assessment rubric in the previous chapter, it showed that the highest score of 30 students on the content criteria was 1 person, the score was 29, on the organization criteria there was 5 students got score 19, then on the vocabulary criteria there was 5 students got score 19, while on language use criteria there was 2 people got score 23 and on mechanic criteria the average student got a score of 4, of which there were 18 students.
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After knowing the students’ score in test on the criteria of writing skill which are content, organization, vocabulary, language use and mechanics.
The following table below is to know students’ speaking score in test:
Table 4.2 the students’ writing score in test
No
Name
Test of students
KKM Total Score (X1) (X1)2 Classification
1 JI 70 71 5041 Good
2 SIKA 70 71 5041 Good
3 NS 70 75 5625 Good
4 AN 70 70 4900 Fairy
5 KM 70 68 4624 Fairy
6 NL 70 68 4624 Fairy
7 IST 70 70 4900 Fairy
8 NM 70 73 5329 Good
9 NF 70 72 5184 Good
10 NH 70 83 6889 Good
11 NNN 70 67 4489 Fairy
12 NRR 70 87 7569 Excellent
13 NAR 70 81 6561 Good
14 MD 70 89 7921 Excellent
15 MT 70 90 8100 Excellent
16 FT 70 92 8464 Excellent
17 ABA 70 85 7225 Good
18 WH 70 74 5476 Good
19 MZM 70 88 7744 Excellent
20 MA 70 85 7225 Good
21 AD 70 91 8281 Excellent
22 MRS 70 92 8464 Excellent
23 MAA 70 91 8281 Excellent
24 AS 70 81 6561 Good
25 RH 70 70 4900 Fairy
26 KD 70 76 5776 Good
27 HK 70 71 5041 Good
28 RD 70 79 6241 Good
29 WN 70 64 4096 Fairy
30 HN 70 78 6084 Good
Total 2352 186656
From the table above showed that the average students were in good classification with 14 students. Then in excellent classification there were 9 students and in the fair classification there are 7 students.
The table above showed about students’ writing narrative text skill score in test. To find out the students’ writing score in test by dividing members’ total score with maximum score, after that times with 100. Found on the table above about students’ writing in test we can know frequency of the classification score by looking the following table:
Table 4.3 the rate percentage of the frequency of test
No Classification Score Frequency Of Test Frequency Of Test
1 Excellent 86-100 9 30%
2 Good 71-85 14 47%
3 Fair 56-70 7 23%
4 Poor 41-55 - 0%
5 Very Poor <40 - 0%
Total 30 100%
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As the explanation in table above, the average score of students’ writing skill.
Most of students were on good classification with percentage was 47%, excellent classification were 30% and fairy classification were 23%. The total score in test was 2352. It had shown that the students’ writing skill in test was high. There were 4 students did not pass the KKM. The following are the process of calculation to find out the mean in test.
Mean score of the test:
M x =
∑ 𝑥𝑁𝑥
M x =
235230
M x = 78.4
Based on the result of test. The data shows that the mean score of the test was 78.4. From the analyzing it could be seen that almost of 30 students writing skill was excellent and good score.
B. Discussion
Based on the result data analysis, mean score of students writing skill was 78.4 and most of students passed the KKM. There were 24 students passed the KKM, 2 students were right on KKM and 4 students didn’t pass the KKM. It means that students learning outcomes in writing narrative test was very good, another hand based on the students’ responses because most of students were easy to understand the material by using E-Book.
After conducting the research, the researcher found that the students seemed to be really enthusiastic about writing a narrative text using a series of images. So they enthusiastically answered the test.
According to Nana Sudjana, learning outcomes are a result of the learning process by using a measurement tool in the form of a structured test in a planned manner, both written tests and oral tests as well as action tests.
Nana Syaodih Sukmadinata states that learning outcomes are the realization or expansion of a person's potential skills or capacities.
Based on the statement of the researcher in previous chapter, it said that there were many students’ needs related to books and students more emphasized in buying E-Books then text book. Because of the same obligation between studying text book and E-Book so that the concentration of students were divided and book usually take more time to learn than general subject in school. Besides that, the price difference is quite far between textbook and E-Book far enough.
Meanwhile, Parera (1993:5) states that a narrative is one of the forms of developing writing, for example characters told the history of something based on the development of writing from time to time.
In the test, the researcher designed the test as good as possible by choosing familiar picture series which was Cinderella to see students’ learning outcome in writing narrative text trough E-Book.
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Keraf (1989: 136) states that narrative is a form of composition, which has the main objectives in the form of activities that are tied together to become an event that happened in a certain time.
More ever, based on the researchers’ statement learning outcomes are students' abilities obtained after going through learning activities, because Learning is a process of someone trying to get something changes in behavior. Changes in behavior can be in the form of changes in character or behavior knowledge, from not knowing to knowing. To get good results maximally, there is a process that must be passed by students, namely learning.
It is relate with Nana Sudjanas’ statement in previous chapter, several kinds of learning outcomes can be classified into 3 groups as follows:
1. Cognitive Realm
With regard to learning outcomes which consist of aspect of knowledge, understanding, synthesis, analysis, application and evaluation. Learning outcomes can be taken from student worksheets and evaluation results end. In the evaluation aspect, students can work on worksheets as well as the question given by the teacher.
2. Psychomotor Realm
Regarding the learning outcomes of skill and abilities act. In this psychomotor realm with the material students can be skilled and able to make observations made in the environment around.
3. Affective Real
Learning outcomes can be taken from discipline or accuracy in completing the task, the courage to express opinions, honesty, and openness in accepting opinions and having a sense of want to know. In this study, the researcher used the cognitive domain because it is important to apply this domain to the method of articulation. With the application of this realm, it will be easier to study.
As a result, the researcher can drew conclusion that students’ learning outcome in writing narrative text through E-Book were very good. It supported by statement of Nana Sudjana.
44 BAB V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION A. Conclusion
Based on the findings of the study, the researcher put forward following conclusion:
The researcher of data analysis test showed that most of students were in good classification which were 14 students, then in excellent classification there were 9 students and in the fair classification there are 7 students. Mean score of students writing skill in narrative text was 78.4 and most of students passed the KKM. There were 24 students passed the KKM, 2 students were right on KKM and 4 students didn’t pass the KKM. It means that students learning outcomes in writing narrative test through E-Book were very good.
B. Suggestion
Based on the research, researcher gives some suggestion as follow:
1. The teacher has to know many ways to teach English so that make learning process will be running well and enjoyable.
2. It suggested to the English teacher in MA Al-Mustaqim to use E-Book and good media in learning process because with familiar and good media it can help students to express their ideas and feeling confidently.
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APPENDIX
NAME OF STUDENT : KHADIJAH ABDULLAH STUDENT’S REG. NUMBER : 16.1300.171
FACULTY : TARBIYAH
THE TILTE OF SKRIPSI : STUDENTS’ LEARNING OUTCOMES IN WRITING NARRATIVE TEXT AT THE TENTH GRADE OF MA AL-MUSTAQIM PAREPARE THROUGH E-BOOKS
INSTRUMENT 1. TEST
WRITING NARRATIVE TEST Name :
Nis : Class :
Write a narrative text using the pictures series with the title “Cinderella”!
Requirement:
Make a narrative text based on these picture series. They are some requirements:
a. Minimal three paragraphs
b. Each paragraph consists of eight sentences
KEMENTERIAN AGAMA REPUBLIK INDONESIA INSTITUT AGAMA ISLAM NEGERI
(IAIN) PAREPARE
Jln. Amal Bakri No.8 Soreang. Kota Parepare 91132 telepon (0421) 21307
Fax. (0421) 24404 Po Box 909 Parepare 91100,
Website www.iainparepare.ac.id, email: [email protected]
VALIDASI INSTRUMENT PENELITIAN PROPOSAL SKRIPSI
c. You may use two pictures in a paragraph
d. You must think the cohesive, unity, and clarity in your writing
Parepare, 03 May 2021 Approved by Examiner Commisions,
Consultant Co-Consultant
Dra. Hj. Nanning, M.S.Pd. Drs. Ismail Latief, M.M.
Nip. 196805232000032005 Nip. 196312071987031003
DOKUMENTASI