CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
B. Theoretical Bases
2. Tongue Twisters
b) Help the students make sounds
The teacher should make the students be able to follow the new sound. If the students cannot imitate the new sound, the teacher can give the instruction or the indication, it will help the students create new sound.
c) Providing feedback
The teacher should give attention to the students’ ability and performance during the learning process.
d) Devising activity
This is the most important role of teacher in teaching English pronunciation because the teacher should think which activities are good in teaching pronunciation and many other factors that will make teaching and learning process running well.
2) The students’ role in learning English pronunciation
The students do not need to do many activities during teaching and learning process. But, the students just need to do simple thing that is focusing in the material and giving respond to the material what the teacher have explain.
Gonzales states that tongue twister is a fun activity in any language classroom. It can be applied in teaching and learning activities18. Second, Carmen who stated the tongue twister is a sequence of words that is difficult to pronounce quickly and correctly19. It is hard to pronounce because it has similar pattern of sounds in one sentence. Third, Machackova says the tongue twister is phrases or sentences which are difficult to pronounce because similar sound occur20. But, it makes the students enjoyed when they are practice. Moreover, tongue twister is great and fun way to help the students to learn English better. Fourth, Danijela claims that tongue twister can be as a repetition of sound pronunciation exercise because tongue twister has a repetition of a sound and it has own stress, rhythm and intonation of natural speech21.
From those statements above, the researcher can take the conclusion that tongue twister is one of the funny activities in teaching and learning process inside the classroom and it is hard to pronounce because it has the same pattern of sounds in one sentence.
18 Gonzales, “Learning English with Tongue Twister”, Lulu Press Inc. 2009.p 12
19 Carmen, “Spoken English”, India: ɑbhisek Publication, 2010.p 10
20 Machackova, “Teaching English Pronunciation to Secondary School Students with Focus on “TH” Consonant”, (A Diploma Thesis, Faculty of English Department of Language and Literature Masaryk University Brno, Brno, 2012.p 32
21 Danijela, “The Use of Tongue Twister in EFL Teaching”, 2009.p 160.
b. Types of Tongue Twister
There are two types of tongue twister such as the following:
1) Sentence types
Sentence is a group of words with the same sounds that is complete in sentence types itself. For instance, (The fat cat sat on the man’s black hat, my mother’s brother is my
uncle and put chalk on the teacher’s chair).
2) Story types
Story is group of words consisting of word repetition and it has the same sound and it becomes short and long stories. For example: (There two brothers go together to get dinner with their father and mother in uncle house, the eat vegetable after that they go to theater in there they meet with two couple sister).
c. Advantages and Disadvantages of Tongue Twister 1) Advantages of tongue twister
There some of advantages of using tongue twister in teaching and learning process such as the following:
a) To help the students awareness of their pronunciation that still low or got problems in pronouncing the English words.
b) To improve students listening ability.
c) To help the students to build good pronunciation in speaking English correctly.
d) Allow the students to make mistake when they are pronounce the English words.
e) The teacher can use the tongue twister to teach their students related to the pronunciation ability.
f) Tongue twister is good exercise of our mouth become western people mouth.
g) Tongue twister is great way to improve students’ pronunciation ability.
h) The students who learn English pronunciation more exciting using tongue twister method.
i) Tongue twister make students relax in practicing their pronunciation inside or outside of classroom.
2) Disadvantages of tongue twister
There some of disadvantages of using tongue twister in teaching and learning process with the following:
a) The students feel difficult to pronounce the tongue twister in several times fast.
b) The students feel difficult to move their tongue and mouth when they are pronouncing the tongue twister.
c) Learning and mastering the tongue twister need long time and spend several times to practice.
d) The teacher needs more time and energy while assisting the students practicing tongue twister.
d. The teacher and students roles in teaching and learning process 1) The teacher role in teaching process
a) Teacher should find the new, interactive and interesting methods.
b) Teacher should be focuses on helping and facilitating in learning process.
c) Teacher has to understand the modern trends in teaching process so it will not be passive.
d) Teacher should guide the students’ enthusiastic.
e) Teacher should find out which is the qualities of the students in knowing students hobbies and problems in learning tongue twister.
f) Teacher as facilitator in the classroom.
g) Teacher should always inquirer to the students22. 2) The students role in learning process
a) Students should give their attention through the teacher explanation related to tongue twister.
b) Students should ask the question toward what they do not understand.
22 Prakash Jagtap, “Teacher Role as Facilitator in Learning”, In International Peer Reviewed and Referred Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science and English Language, Vol 7, No 17, 2016.p 3904-9905
c) Students should practice the materials that have given by the teacher in the classroom.
d) Students should show their spirit during the teaching and learning process.
e. The interesting strategies in teaching and learning English pronunciation using tongue twister.
In teaching and learning English using tongue twisters or pronunciation process, teacher and students can combine the activity with some of interesting strategies as follows:
1) Drilling
Drilling is an activity that has been used in foreign language classrooms for many years. It is emphasis on repeating structural patterns through oral practice.
Furthermore, drilling has several types in form they are;
repetition drill, substitution drill and transformation drill.
However, in the research only use one from the several types of drilling that is the repetition drill which some reasons is as follows:
a) The teacher think that the repetition drill is very effective way in teaching English pronunciation because the students can imitate what is their teacher said with the correct English phonetic alphabets sound.
b) The teacher can correct any mistakes that students make and encourage them to study from mistake first and the teacher repeat again the phonetics. Also, the teacher asks the students to drill again the phonetic alphabets.
c) The teacher provides the students with intensive practice in hearing and saying particular words or phrases.
d) Teacher can help the students get their tongues around difficult sounds or help them imitate intonation that may be rather different from their first language.
2) Reading aloud
Reading aloud is widely recognized as the single most important activity that the teacher can do with students. It is not the only one of the best activity skills, but also it can build motivation, curiosity and memory. In this activity, the teacher should write some of tongue twisters sentence in the whiteboard and ask the students to listen and pronounce it with loud voices.
Moreover the teacher will ask the students to pronounce the tongue twister one by one. For instance, The fat cat sat on the man’s black hat, My mother’s brother is my uncle, Put chalk on the teacher’s chair, Goerge’s
jacket is from Jakarta, My father mother like together and others sentences. Based on the teacher command the students should follow the teacher’s instruction during the learning process until the class finished.
3) Chain reading
Chain reading is exemplary activity because it can bring all students to the class and good collaboration in group work. There are some steps that have been used in chain reading activities such as: first step, the teacher can invite the students to make a group and the teacher asks the students to make line and facing the white board.
Second step, all of the members of the group have to read words of tongue twister. Third step, whose group is finished the first time, they are as the winner. The last step, the students and teacher discusses about the result together.
4) Whispering
This activity very challenging and interactive because the students should memorize tongue twisters sentence and whisper it to next member of the own group until one of their friend can speak up in front of all friends in the classroom. Also, the activities are connected to listening ability, so that is why, the researcher said that
whisper tongue twister is the challenging activities in teaching tongue twister.
In this activity, the students should more effective than a teacher. The procedures in this activity as follows:
a) Teacher should explain the tongue twister to their students with clearly pronunciation.
b) The teacher introduces the sound and write the symbol in the whiteboard
c) The teacher asks the students to repeat what is the teacher write on the whiteboard.
d) The teacher reads loud the phonetic and asks the students to listen carefully.
e) The teacher asks the students to read the phonetic one by one.
f) The teacher asks the students to read the phonetics on the whiteboard what they have heard before.