The Analysis Of The Causes Of Low Achievement Of Biology Lesson In The National Examination High School Students Of Muhammadiyah Jakarta And
Tangerang
Maesaroh, Budhi Akbar
Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof.Dr. Hamka, Indonesia.
Corresponding author: [email protected]; [email protected] Abstract
The results of the Biology national examinations for Muhammadiyah Jakarta and Tangerang students are ranked second from the national rankings with an average score of 50.61. Nationally, middle school level student competencies in the field of Biology data show an uneven distribution. Based on this data, an in- depth analysis is needed to understand what is causing the underachievement of students in Biology in national examinations at all Muhammadiyah High Schools in Jakarta and surrounding areas. Through this analysis, we researchers will be able to accurately understand the problem of decreasing student achievement specifically in the field of biology so that researchers can map the competencies of Muhammadiyah high school students in DKI Jakarta and Tangerang on biological material in computer- based examinations. For data collection, this study uses a quantitative and qualitative mixed method.
Finally we can convey the following: 1) The average value of the 2019 National Biology Examination at Muhammadiyah High Schools in Jakarta and Tangerang is included in the national bad category; 2) Biology materials most mastered by students are biodiversity and ecology; and 3) while the most difficult materials are biomolecular and biotechnology. In addition, we also note several factors that cause the low achievement of national exam scores in biology: limited exam time compared to the difficulty of evaluation materials, inadequate learning facilities and infrastructure, development that has less impact on the quality of the learning process, achievement high targets but not the mastery of all material, student factors, teacher factors and family conditions students come against the background of the low achievement of student learning outcomes.
Keywords: National Examination, Biology Competency, Value Analysis, Low Value INTRODUCTION
The low achievement of the results of national examinations in the field of Biology in one school unit is believed to be closely related to several factors(Hanurani, 2020); (Kedap et al., 2014); (Çimer, 2012). The findings of various experts and teachers in the field of biology study revealed that many factors and variables were the background of the low achievement of national student test results, especially at the high school level. The findings ofDaud, (2012)are the cognitive factors students have become the most prominent reasons. With the characteristics of the science of Biology, students are required to be able to remember and distort the content of terms and terminology in Biology.WhileAndrayani, (2017)noted the lack of parents' attention at home was the main cause. He found that most low-achieving students in Biology exams did not have the support of parents. Another case isHasruddin and Rezeqi, (2012)found the reason for the low learning facilities owned at school and the ability of teachers in the field of study to modify learning biology so that it has implications for the low achievement of exams both in school exams and national exams.
Graduation achievement categories are based on Government Regulation No. 4 of 2018 that the graduation of students is determined by the education unit / program with the following criteria: having completed all learning programs, obtaining a minimum grade of good attitude, and passing the education unit exam. Besides being used as a reference for students' graduation, UN results can also be used for
mapping the competency of students. The process of administering national exams is designed to be even better. This is evidenced by the holding of a computer-based national exam to facilitate the determination of student achievement.
The findings of education practitioners in the field noted that the challenges in the field of Biology study were the same as other programs, namely the readiness of students to face a computer- based national exam. The average score for students' challenges is the lack of practice in conducting tests and simulations as a habit of getting used to technology as well as exercises with typical subject areas categorized as higher order thinking (HOT) that are tested in every national exam today. This was revealed by the findings ofRetnawati et al., (2017)who revealed that national examinations in the field of Biology based on online were all questions sent online by computer. she found that not all students had been equipped with computer skills to complete the exam.
Derived from natural science exam materials, Biology is a very challenging subject for most high school students based on Puspendik data. Because of that challenge the results of the national examination in Biology fell second to the lowest nationally with an average score of 50.61. However, this average value in Biology subjects in Indonesia did not get the overall score, including Muhammadiyah High School, especially in Biology courses in Jakarta and Tangerang.
Thus, researchers felt interested in analyzing the causes of the low achievement of the national exam results of Muhammadiyah high school students in DKI Jakarta and Tangerang for the 2018 UNBK biology material, and identifying the factors causing the low UNBK results in certain indicators of Biology material. Other reasons so far there have been no similar studies so that it cannot be known with certainty from the characteristics of students and low mastery of Biological material. Likewise the national examination system using computers is believed to have an impact on student exam results in the field of Biology. Therefore, the results of the analysis are accurate and can be useful for students, teachers and stakeholders in education in an effort to improve the quality of future education.
Research on competency maps based on the results of the National Examination has been carried out as byKaniawati and Ramalis, (2012)with the title of competency map analysis of the results of high school national exams in West Java with survey methods in the cities of Bandung and Cimahi.Rasto et al., (2011)about the analysis of the competency map of national exam results and the model of developing the quality of high school education in West Java with survey methods in Garut and Tasikmalaya Districts.
Both of these studies were conducted to find out the competency map of students in all subjects tested with a sample of paper-based UN (Paper-based test) high school students in the West Java region. Some related studies arePakpahan, (2016)about the benefits and challenges of the Computer Based National Examination (UNBK) model, and Mulyati and Kartowagiran, (2013)about analyzing the results of the National Examination in Economic Subjects in Serang City. It can be explicitly stated that there has been no research on competency analysis of Muhammadiyah high school students in DKI Jakarta and Tangerang specifically on Biology subjects using the results of the Computer-Based National Examination (UNBK) in 2019.
Carrying out the National Examination (UN) is one of the ways the government in controlling the quality of national education which is the mandate of the Republic of Indonesia Act No.20 of 2003.
Simply put, the history of the UN process in Indonesia can be divided into two: 1) paper-based UN ( paper based test), and 2) computer based UN (computer based test). Before the national examination process uses a computer, the scanning process of the Computer Answer Sheet (LJK) in the form of paper is carried out in each region and the assessment process is continued in the center (Jakarta). Rating system that is not carried out directly can be one of the spaces for the occurrence of value errors. Especially if during the preparation process for the implementation of the UN there are achievement targets, but there is a failure to achieve the target. UN results have accidentally grouped graduates, UN results also provide clear information input to schools and governments about the actions that must be taken in managing the nation's next generation. (Nasution, 2016). In addition, through the UN the government can measure the equitable distribution of education in Indonesia periodically.
The importance of the role of the National Examination in determining the future of the nation, then in its implementation an evaluation is always held for development in a better direction. In 2014 the
UN was first carried out computer-based, with encouraging results and could increase student literacy against ICTs. The implementation of the UNBK has continued until now with the percentage of school participation increasing with the increase in facilities and infrastructure. UNBK is assumed to have reative exam results that are more accurate to find out the competency of students compared to paper- based UN and School Exams. Therefore in this study the results of computer-based UN are used to analyze the ability of Muhammadiyah High School students in the field of Biology.
Science (biology, physics, chemistry) has a major contribution in the development of technology, namely as a basic science that underlies the development of technology. The progress of a country is reflected in the progress of its technology, of course including progress in its science. besides Germany, Japan is an example of a country that is very focused in developing science and has brought this country into a developed country, especially in the field of technology. The role of science, especially biology for future life is very strategic, especially in preparing future students who are critical, creative, competitive, able to solve problems and dare to make decisions quickly and accurately, so as to be able to survive productively amid the swift waves of global digital era competition which is full of opportunities and challenges(Sudarisman, 2015). Therefore Biology is a group of science subjects that are included in the National Examination subjects for high school students majoring in Natural Sciences.
METHOD
The method of conducting this study involves a mixed quantitative and qualitative approach. The quantitative approach was used to analyze the average national exam scores and student competencies in Biology material based on the results of the 2019 UNBK. A total of 18 Muhammadiyah Schools were sampled for research located in DKI Jakarta and Tangerang, with a distribution of four schools in the Central Jakarta area, four schools in the West Jakarta area, three schools in East Jakarta, two schools in South Jakarta, three schools in Tangerang City, and two schools in South Tangerang. While the qualitative approach is used to identify the factors causing the low UNBK results in the field of Biology.
The reporting method used is descriptive to explain the mapping of student competencies and low causative factors in the results of the national exam in Biology.
THEORETICAL REVIEW National Exam
Students who take education at school are indicated by the success of taking the national examination.
National Examination is the last test conducted by schools to their students. Here students are determined by their respective intellectuals to fill in and provide appropriate answers to the answer sheets given by the government to the school to be tested on students. National Exams is conducted by the government to see the quality of education in Indonesia, as contained in Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 20 of 2003, that the national exams that have been held in Indonesia can be divided into two categories; First, paper based test (paper based test). Second, computer-based UN (computer based test). National Examinations that use computers, the process is first scanning the Computer Answer Sheet (LJK) in the form of paper carried out in each region and followed by the assessment process in the center (Jakarta).
National exam is also conducted to measure students' abilities from questions given by the government to students. (Rosidin, 2019). Each answer is given as a determinant of student graduation.(Retnawati et al., 2017). However, the National Examination system by using a computer, indirectly becomes one of the causes of errors in grades. Moreover, schools have set target scores for the school exams, but because the system already uses computers, these targets can be tarnished for student grades. (Nasution, 2016). The government only aims to hold a computer system UN is to measure the equitable distribution of education in Indonesia periodically.
The quality of education is increasing, the UN really determines the future role of the nation, so to measure the success of the UN is as an evaluation for the development in a better direction. Although,
students who graduate with different schools, but after studying in tertiary education with a biology department, but there is still a significant relationship between the biology national exam scores with the value of general biology courses.(Maesaroh et al., 2020); (Nurhadi and Yanti, 2016). In 2014 the UN was first conducted on a computer-based basis, with encouraging results and could increase students' literacy in ICTs. The implementation of the UNBK has continued until now with the percentage of school participation increasing with the increase in facilities and infrastructure. UNBK is assumed to have reative exam results that are more accurate to find out the competency of students compared to paper- based UN and School Exams. In addition, almost all 2016/2017 national biology test questions have the type of higher order thinking skills with a percentage of 92.5%.(Ningsih et al., 2018). Therefore in this study the results of computer-based UN are used to analyze the ability of Muhammadiyah High School students in Biology.
Biology Subjects
Science (biology, physics, chemistry) has a major contribution in the development of technology, namely as a basic science that underlies the development of technology. The progress of a country is reflected in the progress of its technology, of course including progress in its science. Besides Germany, Japan is an example of a country that is very focused in developing science and has led this country to become a developed country, especially in the field of technology. The role of science, especially biology for future life is very strategic, especially in preparing future students who are critical, creative, competitive, able to solve problems and dare to make decisions quickly and accurately, so as to be able to survive productively amid the swift waves of global digital era competition which is full of opportunities and challenges. (Sudarisman, 2015).
Technology is developing from the era of agriculture, industry and the current era.(Toffler, 1970).
The current era is known as information technology with the sophistication of the digital age which is now almost owned by humans by not knowing where humans live.(Mujiburrahman, 2017); (Aslan, 2019);
(Aslan and Hifza, 2020).Toffler, (1980)said that change is so fast with so little time. The distance is getting closer, as if the world folded.(Piliang, 2011).The development of technology that never ends, the educational institutions of Biology as a group of science subjects are included in the National Examination subjects for high school students majoring in Natural Sciences. This subject is both an opportunity and a challenge to deal with the times.
Muhammadiyah High School
Muhammadiyah is one of the largest and oldest Islamic Community Organizations in Indonesia that has a large number of charitable ventures (AUM). Muhammadiyah's charitable endeavors (AUM) some of which are engaged in education, health, trade, and social foundations. The number of educational institutions owned by Muhammadiyah reached 10,381 consisting of kindergartens, elementary schools, junior high schools, high schools, Islamic boarding schools, and tertiary institutions spread throughout Indonesia from Sabang to Merauke. Muhammadiyah high schools in Indonesia number 1143. (Ilham, 2015).In this study a sample of Muhammadiyah High School students will be used in the DKI Jakarta and Tangerang regions.
In terms of quantity, the number of Muhammadiyah high schools in Indonesia is quite large. But in an equal distribution / disparity in the quality of educational outcomes have not yet reached optimal results. Through this research a map of the competencies of Muhammadiyah high school students will be produced and an analysis of the need to be followed up with the development of an educational model that can be disseminated with the hope of reducing disparity between Muhammadiyah schools in Indonesia.
RESULT AND DISCUSSES
The following is the data from the analysis of UNBK scores in Biology in Muhammadiyah High Schools in the DKI Jakarta and Tangerang regions.
Table 1
Achievement of National Examination Year 2018/2019
No. Zona Schools Biology
Scores
Category Lowest Highest S.
Deviation
1. Jakarta Pusat SMA Muh. 16 44.4 Low 32,5 62,5 7,62
2. SMA Muh. 1 43.72 Low 32,5 57,5 7,18
3. SMA Muh. 2 47.08 Low 32,5 60,0 8,22
4. SMA Muh. 14 42.73 Low 32,5 47,5 4,94
5. Jakarta Barat SMA Muh. 13 41.46 average 37,5 92,5 12,54
6. SMA Muh. 15 48.65 Low 35,0 72,5 7,75
7. SMA Muh. 4 52.71 Low 25,0 72,5 9,97
8. SMA Muh. 23 49.21 Low 30,0 77,5 11,51
9. Jakarta Timur
SMA Muh. 11 47.68 Low 32,5 65,0 8,31
10. SMA Muh. 12 46.52 Low
25,0 70,0 11,04
11. SMA Muh. 18 53.41 Low 30,0 70,0 9,68
12. Jakarta Selatan
SMA Muh. 3 54.21 Low 35,0 62,5 8,32
13. SMA Muh. 5 52.28 Low 27,5 72,5 10,81
14. Tangerang SMA Muh. 3 Tangerang
48,75 Low
37,5 72,5 9,76
15. SMA Muh. 1 46,94 Low 30,0 57,5 7,34
16 SMA Muh. 2 45,37 Low 27,5 67,5 9,08
17. Tangerang Selatan
SMA Muh. 8 45,17 Low 25,0 65,0 8,40
18. SMA Muh. 25
Pamulang
52,88 Low
22,5 77,5 14,60
everage 47,95 Low
Table 1., it is known that the average of the Computer-Based National Examination in Biology subjects of Muhammadiyah High Schools in DKI Jakarta and Tangerang is below 50.00 or with categories less than a total of 18 research sample schools. A total of 17 schools have lower exam scores, and one school, Muhammadiyah 13 Senior High School, has sufficient grades. The level of mastery of the material on national examinations in biology has decreased since 2016.(Hanurani, 2020); (Lazarowitz et al., 1996).Factors that cause the low achievement of the national exam scores in biology subjects, including; First, there is limited time to process and evaluate learning. Second, learning facilities and infrastructure are inadequate. Third, the school lacks the maximum use of local resources for learning.
Fourth, teacher competency development is limited to internal activities. Fifth, the development of teacher competence externally is not monitored for its implementation for the quality of the learning process.
sixth, the setting of new learning targets on the achievement of standard values, not yet in full mastery of concepts.(Rasto et al., 2011). Meanwhile, several factors that can be the cause of teachers in teaching biology subjects include; student factors, facilities and infrastructure, subject matter, teacher factors and student family conditions.(Priyayi et al., 2018); (Hermann, 2013); (Großschedl et al., 2014).
The following is the result of data analysis of the level of success of students at the national and provincial levels based on the material tested in UN Biology.
Graph 1. It is known that the average value of UN Biology is highest in biodiversity and ecology material with the number 71.63. While the national examination materials with the lowest mastery are biomolecular and biotechnology with the lowest average of 21.49. The highest average value in biodiversity and ecology material is owned by the average level of central Jakarta city, while the lowest value is Muhammadiyah high school education unit 16. In the matter of structure and function of living things the highest average national exam score is at the level of Central Jakarta city, while the lowest value is in the unit Muhammadiyah high school education 2. In the biomolecular and biotechnology materials the highest average score is at the level of Central Jakarta city, and the lowest value is at the Muhammadiyah high school education unit level 14. Material of the genetic and evolutionary national examination material is mostly controlled by the level of Central Jakarta city and the lowest is controlled by Muhammadiyah high school education unit level 1. Based on the description above it can be concluded that the UN Biology results on all the highest exam materials are at the city level (Central Jakarta), and the lowest for all materials is at the level of the education units (schools) which are spread in four schools.
The comparison graph in Figure 2. states that the highest average national exam scores are on biodiversity and ecological material at 71.43 while the lowest national average score of 27, 27 is in biomolecular and biotechnology materials. Based on these graphs it is also known that in biodiversity material, the average value at the provincial and city level in West Jakarta is the highest average, while the lowest average in the material is at the level of Muhammadiyah 13 Senior High School education unit. the highest average
61.48
49.5
39.7
51.53
71.43
58.9
50.3
67.49 71.63
59.49
51.17
69.39 61.24
42.59
31.31
42.78 62.04
39.58 37.12
55.21 59.6
45.45
21.49
48.86
56.89
43.33
28.73
53.5
0 20 40 60 80
Biodiversity and Ecology
Structure and function of living things
Biomolecular and Biotechnology
Genetics and Evolution
Graph 1. Comparisson of the Everage oh National Examination Base on Test Material in Central Jakarta
National Province Central Jakarta SMA Muh. 1
61.48
49.5
39.7
51.53 71.43
58.9
50.3
67.49 71.43
58.77
49.93
67.26 58.33
44.44
27.27
37.5
66.89
47
34.18
50.5
0 20 40 60 80
Biodiversity and Ecology
Structure and funct of living things
Biomolecular and biotechnology
Genetics and evolution
Graph 2. Comparisson of the Everage oh National Examination Base on Test Material in West Jakarta
National Province West Jakarta SMA Muh. 13 SMA Muh. 15
value in the material structure and function of living things, while the lowest average is in the level of Muhammadiyah high school education unit 13. In the biomelocular and biotechnology materials the highest average score is at the provincial level, DKI Jakarta, and the lowest average is in the level of the high school education unit Muhammadiyah 13. The highest genetic and evolutionary materials are at the provincial level of DKI Jakarta and the lowest at the Muhammadiyah high school education unit level 13.
In general, the highest average national biology examination material is owned by the provincial level, while the lowest value is in the Muhammadiyah high school education unit 13.
The graph in Figure 3. states the highest mean value is in the material biodiversity and ecology of 71.43 and the lowest average value is in biomolecular and biotechnology materials at 34.15. In the matter of biodiversity and ecology the highest value is at the provincial level, while the lowest average is at the national level. The highest value of material structure and function of living things is at the provincial level, and the lowest value is at the level of Muhammadiyah high school education unit 12. The highest national average score of biomolecular and biotechnology materials is at the provincial level, and the lowest average value at the level of the education unit is Muhammadiyah High School 12. Genetic and evolutionary material has the highest average score at the provincial level, DKI Jakarta, and the lowest value at the education unit level, Muhammadiyah High School. 11. Based on the description above, at the provincial level, DKI Jakarta has the highest average test scores on all biological materials , and the lowest average scores are distributed at the national level and several schools at the education unit level.
Figure 4. above shows the data that the highest average national biology test scores are on biodiversity and ecology material, which is 72.3, while the lowest average value is in biomolecular and biotechnology materials, which is 30.48. The level of the city of South Jakarta has the highest average in the biodiversity and ecology test material, while the level of education unit is Muhammadiyah High School 5. The highest average value of the structure and function of living things is at the level of the city of South Jakarta, and the lowest value is at the level of the education unit namely the high school Muhammadiyah 18.
61.48
49.5
39.7
51.53 71.43
58.9
50.3
67.49 71.12
58.89
50.17
66.83 65.43
53.59
39.39
55.38 63.14
49.19
35.7
52.19 62.06
48.37
34.15
49.09
63.3
41.67
33.61
52.65
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Biodiversity and Ecology Structure and funct of living things
Biomolecular and Biotechnology
Genetics and Evolution
Graph 3. Comparisson of the Everage oh National Examination Base on Test Material in East Jakarta
National Province East Jakarta SMA Muh. 4 SMA Muh. 23 SMA Muh. 11 SMA Muh. 12
In biomolecular material and biotechnology the highest average value is at the level of the city of South Jakarta, and the lowest value at the level of the educational unit is Muhammadiyah High School 5.
Genetic material and the evolution of the highest value are at the level of the city of South Jakarta and the lowest value at the national level. The conclusion from the paraparagraph description is that the city of South Jakarta has the best average national exam scores in all biology materials, and the lowest average
scores are spread at the education unit and national level.
Based on Figure 5. it can be stated that the highest average score of national biology exams is in the concept of genetics and evolution of 67.49 while the lowest value is in the concepts of biomolecular and biotechnology of 30.81. Based on these graphs it is also known that the value of biodiversity and
61.48
49.5
39.7
51.53 71.43
58.9
50.3
67.49 72.3
59.63
51.16
69.01 63.49
44.45
32.68
54.46 63.64
46.21
33.06
57.39
60.13
45.59
30.48
54.78
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Biodiversity and Ecology Structur and function of living things
Biomolecular and Biotechnology
Genetics and Evolution
Graph 4. Comparisson of the Everage oh National Examination Base on Test Material in South Jakarta
National Province South Jakarta SMA Muh. 18 SMA Muh. 3 SMA Muh. 5
61.48
49.5
39.7
51.53 63.11
48.74
37.36
51.89 67.09
53.56
42.79
58.53 64.2
46.3
34.34
45.83 61.11
45.06
30.81
48.15
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Biodiversity and Ecology Structure and Function of Living Things
Biomolecular and Biotechnology
Genetics and Evolution
Graph 5. Comparisson of the Everage oh National Examination Base on Test Material in Tangerang
National Province Tangerang SMA Muh. 1 SMA Muh. 2
ecological material is found at the city level, namely Tangerang, while the lowest value is at the level of Muhammadiyah high school education 2. The highest average value of matter structure and function of living things is at the Tangerang city level, and the lowest at the unit level Muhammadiyah high school education 2. Biomolecular material and biotechnology have the highest average value at the Tangerang city level and the lowest at the Muhammadiyah high school education unit level 2. On genetic material and evolution the highest average value is at the Banten provincial level and the lowest value at the Muhammadiyah high school education unit level 1. In general, the highest average scores for the 2019 national biology exam material are at the Tangerang city level, except for genetic and evolutionary material at the Banten provincial level. While the lowest grade is at the level of the education unit which is spread in two schools.
Based on Figure 6. it can be stated that the national biodiversity and ecology test material has the highest value of 71.81 and the lowest value is in biomolecular and biotechnology materials. Furthermore, in the concept of biodiversity and ecology the highest value is at the level of the city of South Tangerang while the lowest value is at the national level. In the concept of structure and function of living things the highest average value is at the level of the city of South Tangerang and the lowest value at the level of the province of Banten. The highest average value of the concept of biomolecular and biotechnology is at the level of the city of South Tangerang while the lowest value is at the level of the province of Banten. The highest national genetic and evolutionary exam material is at the level of the city of South Tangerang and the lowest is at the national level. South Tangerang City has the highest average score for all biology national exam materials, while the lowest scores are distributed at the national and Banten provinces.
Based on the results of the study it can be seen that in general the concepts most mastered by students are biodiversity and ecology, while the concepts of biomolecular and biotechnology are at least mastered by students. This can occur because the character of the concept of biodiversity and ecology is concrete while the character of the concept of biomolecular and biotechnology is abstract. In learning abstract concepts, it takes longer time and facilities and infrastructure such as learning media and supporting resources. In the concrete concepts of learning generally through observation or direct observation.
61.48
49.5
39.7
51.53 63.11
48.74
37.36
51.89 71.81
59.8
50.07
67.82 62.96
51.26
40.49
60.99
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Biodiversity and Ecology Structure and fuction of living things
Biomolecular and Biotechnology
Genetika & Evolusi
Graph 6. Comparisson of the Everage oh National Examination Base on Test Material in South Tangerang
National Province South Tangerang SMA Muh. 25 Pamulang
Apart from the results of research byLubis et al., (2018)which provided information that UN items on class XI Odd Semester Year 2012-2016 the questions did not meet the criteria of good questions, that improvement in the learning process must always be done including by providing training for the teachers and activate the forums so that they become a medium for the teacher to discuss the problems encountered in learning. In addition, activities involving students in doing exercises and evaluating the tasks can improve their mastery of the concept of the material being tested.(Anjarwati, 2019); (Mulyati and Kartowagiran, 2013).
CONCLUSION
In accordance with the purpose of this study is to analyze the causes of the decline in national exam results in Biology students of Muhammadiyah High Schools throughout DKI Jakarta and Tangerang, so that we can summarize a number of findings including; First, the average value of the 2019 Biology national exam on Muhammadiyah high school students in all of DKI Jakarta and Tangerang was in the low category which came in second place than below the national score. Second, the highest concepts mastered by students in the Biology material of the national exam are biodiversity and ecology; and 3) The lowest achievement test material by students is biomolecular and biotechnology.
Some factors that can be the cause of the low achievement of national exam scores in biology subjects are: limited processing time and evaluation of learning, inadequate learning facilities and infrastructure, development that has less impact on the quality of the learning process, setting new learning targets on achieving standard scores , not on mastery of all concepts, student factors, subject matter, teacher factors and student family conditions.
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