It indicates that the speaker is sure of the truth or facts of the speech when they speak. Therefore, it requires a deeper understanding to know the ins and outs of the teacher's assertive speech acts in the classroom. Based on the above statements, a teacher of the English language requires expertise in English and higher communicative competence.
In 2019, he was recognized as one of the top 20 reviewers for the CALL journal (SSCI). Furthermore, the future researcher hopes that this study will serve as a model for other studies in the broader field of pragmatics studies and speech act research, especially research on assertive speech acts. Pragmatics focuses on the study of the intention of spoken words and how they are interpreted by others.
Therefore, this is the main point of the important thing you need to know about speech acts. In these three categories of speech acts, people can include one of the categories when they say something.
Locutionary Act
The listener's response will demonstrate whether or not the listener understands what the intended meaning of the speaker is by saying as much. If neither the speaker nor the listener speak the same language, there will be misunderstandings, and the listener will not understand the intended meaning either.
Illocutionary Act
Perlocutionary Act
The Classification of Illocutionary Act
- Declaratives
- Assertives
- Expressives
- Directives
The utterance can be interpreted as a warning from the speaker to the listener if it is analyzed with the help of the illocutionary force. This type of act, also known as speech acts, is one in which the speaker uses words to change the world. To be able to change the world through your words suggests that the speaker has the researcher to do so; however, for the speaker to make the appropriate statement, they must occupy a particular institutional role in a particular setting.
If the speaker does not have this role, his or her statement will be considered ineffective or understated. A committed speech act is just like its name, "commit" means that the speaker commits to do something in a future action. Speech acts that express the speaker's beliefs about something are called assertive speech acts.
As a result, the assertive speech act is one that the speaker believes to be the truth Izar (2020:53). Speech acts that express the speaker's feelings or attitudes about something are known as expressive acts. The speaker wants to express how he or she feels by participating in a speech act with powerful expression Mutmainah (2018:286).
So from the statement above it can be concluded that expressive is an action the speaker feels regarding a subject. The following are the types: (a) thank, is the speech to express to someone that you are happy or grateful for something you have done to the interlocutor; (b) congratulation, is the speech in which you give someone a compliment and tell them that you like what they did or are happy about it; (c) pardon, is the speech to forgive someone for something they have said or done to the interlocutor. A directive speech act is one where the speaker tells the listener what they want and asks them to do something.
The speaker tries to fit the world into the words by using the directive (through the listener).
The Classification of Assertive Speech Act
Asserting
Reporting
The intended meaning in this context of the announcement of the winner of the speech is that the speaker intends for the winner to come forward to receive an award.
Stating
Claiming
Suggesting
The intended meaning in this context is that the speaker suggests the listener to check his illness at the hospital.
Concluding
Praising
Assuring
Confessing
Guessing
Criticizing
Reminding
Communicative Competence
- Context in Teaching Virtual Exchange
Dell Hymes first proposed this term in place of linguistic competence in the early 1970s. A language user's social and grammatical knowledge as well as how and when to use sentences appropriately. Chomsky (1965:3) argued in "Aspects of the Theory of Syntax" that in a homogeneous speech community, competence is the flawless knowledge of an ideal speaker and listener of the language.
According to the statement above, communicative competence is the ability to interact successfully with other people, and competence is defined as the combination of a person's language skills to learn a foreign language. In addition, linguistic or grammatical competence is related to pure linguistics and deals with the structuring and arrangement of language. Discourse competence is the ability to produce utterances that are both coherent and cohesive, and to construct longer stretches of language so that the parts form a coherent whole.
Moreover, this competence is related to the appropriate use of language in a social environment or context. Real language uses include greetings, introductions, opening and closing conversations, asking, ordering, complaining, praising, etc. These are used in the appropriate situation and context, allowing a correlation between the discussion of cultural aspects and the social use of language.
Strategic competence is the ability to identify and treat communication disorders, fill knowledge gaps and learn more about language and its context. Therefore, both the speaker and the listener must have the same assumptions and background knowledge. Virtual exchange (VE) is one of the advanced international educational practices that has attracted the interest of university lecturers and politicians.
According to Hymes' concept of communicative competence, knowing when to talk and when not to talk, and what to talk about with whom, when, where, and how prompts course designers to set goals, learning objectives, and assess language achievement. use.
The Previous of Study
Jun Chen Hsieh in English Interpretation for Tour Guide course of this study, the second problem of this study and the setting of place, which in this case in the use of virtual exchange. This research contributes to theoretical help regarding the understanding of Searle and Vanderveken theory and how it is applied in the classroom, because in this previous study not all the types are covered. The choice of this study was made because one of its findings explained the same issue as the researcher's study.
Assertive Speech Act in Mata Najwa Program of episode Gara-Gara Corona is the third previous research written by (Julisah Izar, Mhd Muslim Nasution, Mie Ratnasari, 2020). The differences are about the object, namely Dr.'s utterance. Jun Chen Hsieh in the English interpretation course for guide and the subject of the study, while this study is about the expressions of the English teacher.
The contribution of this research is that it gives the researcher a practical contribution to the deeper study of the lecturer's communicative competence in teaching English to students from different countries and backgrounds, because this previous study is particularly unclear about how assertive speech act is used in class. The fourth preliminary study is Assertive Speech Act Analysis of Barack Obama's speech on The English Speech Channel on Ignorance is Not A Virtue, by (Dwi Ummi Lestari, Arso Setyaji, Laily Nur Affini, 2022). The speech acts of Barack Obama's speech at Rutgers University, specifically the assertive speech act that is the focus of this study.
The purpose of this study is to explore the various representative actions in Barack Obama's film Ignorance is not a Virtue and the way in which his assertive speech is realized. The subject can reveal the differences between this study and the researcher's study, the topic and setting of the place, which in this case uses virtual exchange, while the researcher's subject is the statements of Dr. This research contributes to the theoretical assistance regarding the understanding of Searle and Vanderveken's theory and how it is used in the classroom, because it is a slightly different theory in this previous study.
Because of the similarities found earlier, the researcher chose this study as the reference for this study.
Conceptual Framework
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- Research Design
- Data and Source of Data
- The Instrument of Collecting Data
- Technique of Collecting Data
- Data Condensation
- Data Display
- Triangulation of Data
The data source was from a video where each lesson was saved directly to the Teams app when he virtually taught an English guide interpretation course in 2021 using the Teams app. Sudaryanto, the data collection technique in this study was collected through observation method followed by note taking technique. The data was transferred from the Teams application in the form of a video of Dr.
After transcribing the utterance, the researcher identified the types of assertive speech act by reading the script. The researcher classified data based on types of assertive speech act 3.5 Techniques to analyze data. The researcher analyzed the data using Miles and Huberman's approach, Miles & Huberman state that there are four steps to qualitative data analysis.
After collecting the data, the researcher selected the data consisting of assertive speech acts. By simplifying, the researcher simplified the data by assigning code to each type of assertive, and it turned out that there were twelve types of assertive, namely assert, report, claim, claim, suggest, conclude, praise, assure, confess, guess, criticize and remember. Making abstraction, the researcher evaluated the data by sorting the data according to each type of assertive, such as asserting to asserting, reporting to reporting, and so on.
Transforming the last step, the researcher analyzed each sentence that was selected for each type of assertive speech act. The format of qualitative data presentation is to present the data in an accessible, concise and organized manner. At this stage, the obtained data were organized and irrelevant data were discarded.
It is used for the clarity of all data from the first step to the last step.
