6 (1) (2023) 116-120
Journal of Curriculum Indonesia
http://hipkinjateng.org/jurnal/index.php/jci
Analysis of Code Mixing and Code Switching in Speech of Foreigners Setting Around Batukaras Pangandaran
Heni Rohaniah, Yus Rusyana, Asep Nurjamin, Zainah Asmaniah, Ari Kartini Institut Pendidikan Indonesia
Keywords
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Code Mixing, Code Switch- ing, Foreigners
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Abstract
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This study discusses the use of code-mixed language and code-switching of foreigners in Batu Karas Pangandaran. Researchers use qualitative research, this type of research is field research. The theory used is Janet Holmes Theory of "An Introduction to Sociolinguistics fourth edition" which is taken is the theory of code mixing and code switching. According to Janet Holmes "People sometimes change the language code in social situations". This study used qualitative research methods. This type of research is field research with an emphasis on collecting data on Belgian people who are in Batukaras Pangandaran. Data collection techniques in this study used observation and interview techniques. Observation techniques are shown to the research process which is carried out by direct observation to the research location, namely foreigners in Batukaras Pangandaran by extracting information based on the existing problem formulation. The results of this study indicate, First, these foreigners use Indonesian and Sundanese more in their speech acts than they use their native language. Second, there are many Indonesian and Sundanese vocabulary that are used in daily life. Third, the foreigner uses code- mixing language more than code-switching.
e-ISSN 2549-0338
Journal of Curriculum Indonesia 6 (1) (2023) INTRODUCTION
Language skills are things that must be mastered by humans so that things related to language activities or communicating fluently. Talking is one of the activities that is considered normal, but if we are skilled in mastering the language when speaking, we will face difficulties to talk to anyone. The use of language in speaking can be divided into 3 languages, namely mother tongue, official state language (Indonesian), and foreign languages. In its implementation, almost everyone mastered two languages, the mother tongue and the national language. But not all are able to master a foreign language. This does not only apply to Indonesian people, but almost all parts of the world.
How to speak when speaking a foreign language is often a problem. This happens because of different skills in mastering foreign languages so that the terms use code mixing and code switching arise (Indrayani, N. (2017). The emergence of these two diseases in speaking is due to limitations in mastering the language. In a bilingual or multilingual society, this is due to language contact and also cultural contact.These events also cause variations in the form of new language elements which then form a new language, namely code mixing and code switching languages.
The Pangandaran region is one of the most attractive world tourist destinations to be visited by tourists or foreigners around the world. Historically Pangandaran Regency was a regency in West Java Province, Indonesia which had approximately 450,658 inhabitants. The capital is Parigi. This district is bordered by Ciamis Regency and Banjar City in the north, Cilacap Regency in the east, the Indian Ocean in the south, and Tasikmalaya Regency.
Researchers are interested in conducting research on the use of code-mixed language in Belgians who live permanently in Pangandaran Regency, this research is only limited to the Batukaras Beach area, and researchers want to know what code-mixed language is mostly used by these foreigners.
Based on the results of relevant previous research conducted by Munandar (2018) in his research entitled "Code Switching and Code Mixing in Community Interaction at Mallengkeri Terminal, Makassar City". The research results obtained from this analysis are code switching in the interaction discourse of the Mallengkeri terminal community in Makassar city, namely code switching in the form of language pretexts including code switching from Makassar to Indonesian and code switching from Indonesian to Makassar language. The functions found consist of adjusting the other person's code, creating an atmosphere of humor, and neutralizing the use of language.
Code mixing in the discourse of community interaction at Mallengkeri terminal, Makassar city, is in the form of code mixing, inserting Makassar language word forms and phrase forms and connecting Indonesian as a language unifying communication tool at the terminal. Then there are three functions of code mixing, namely to convey information to respect the speech partner and to clarify speech.
Research on code mixing and code switching was also carried out by Nugroho (2012) in his research entitled "Analysis of the Use of Code Switching and Code Mixing for Indonesian Language Teachers at SMP Negeri 2 Mantingan". The research results obtained are that the code switching used by Indonesian language teachers in learning interactions at Mantingan 2 Public Middle School can be classified into external code switching and internal code switching. External code switching is marked by the switch from Arabic to Indonesian and vice versa. Internal code switching is marked by a switch from Indonesian to Javanese and vice versa. Code mixing used by Indonesian language teachers in learning interactions at Mantingan 2 Public Middle School is classified into inner code-switching and outer code-switching. The form of code mixing is the insertion of nouns, verbs, adjectives, pronouns, repetitions, adverbs, question words, onomatopoeias, particles, combinations of words and particles, noun phrases, verb phrases, and clauses.
The use of code switching and code mixing in learning interactions at SMP Negeri 2 Mantingan has both positive and negative impacts. The positive effect of using code switching and code mixing is that the interaction of learning Indonesian becomes conducive and not boring. Students understand the language or subject matter better, the use of code switching and code mixing can evoke a sense of humor and code mixing can be a reinforcement or confirmation of speech. The negative effects of using code-switching and
Journal of Curriculum Indonesia 6 (1) (2023)
code-mixing, namely situations that should be formal become less formal, deplete respect for the Indonesian language, and cause interference and integration events.
Research on code mixing and code switching has also been carried out by Valentine, et al (2018) with the title "Code Switching and Code Mixing in Indonesian Celebrity Instagram Accounts". Starting from the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that from the research data collected and grouped into data which includes code switching and code mixing, it can be seen that the most common form of code switching used in writing captions was written by Maudy Ayunda and Gita Gutawa is inter-sentential switching. This is because there are more captions with this type of code switching when compared to other types of code switching, namely 19 captions. The reasons that caused the two of them to do code switching were interjection, expressing certain topics, emphasizing something through the captions they wrote, and declaring group identity. However, reasons in the form of quoting other people's sayings or sayings, repeating for clarification, and clarifying the content of the conversation to the other person were not found in the data that had been collected. As for the code mixing that appears most often in the data analysis is the form of code mixing insertion with a total of 19 captions that contain the code mixing form.
Furthermore, the factor that causes them to do code mixing in writing captions is linguistic type. Then, Al- Ghafar's research on Code Mixing Analysis in the Morning Bianglala Broadcast of Reks Radio.
The objectives to be achieved from this research are as follows. (1) To find out that Belgian people in Pangandaran use more of their original language, Sundanese or Indonesian in their speech acts, (2) To find out the language that often appears in their conversations, code-mixed language or code-switching, (3) To find out what is often done code mixing or code switching in every conversation.
The expected benefits are as follows. First, theoretically, this research provides input for the world of education regarding code mixing and code switching in the speech of Belgians in Batukaras Pangandaran.
Second, practically, this research can help and provide benefits for writers and researchers in the field of Linguistics, especially Sociolinguistics. As well as providing a broader perspective for the community regarding the use of code-mixed language and code-switching in Batukaras Pangandaran.
METHOD
This researcher uses a qualitative descriptive method. The purpose of researchers using this research method is to redefine validity, reliability, and objectivity in another version compared to what is commonly used in classical research. This type of research is field research with an emphasis on collecting data on Belgian people who are in Batukaras Pangandaran. Even though this research is field research, in the object of discussion, secondary data is needed in the form of information from related books to get a complete description because this research uses descriptive.
The source of the research data is the Belgian people who are acting in speech with the Sundanese.
The data in this study are the speeches of Belgians and Sundanese people who are housed in Belgian residences in Batukaras Pangandaran. The Belgian named Wim comes from Belgium, was born in Belgium on June 9, 1970, Wim lives in Batukaras Pangandaran from 1999 until now. The utterances obtained as data were 283 utterances. The data was obtained by chatting with a Belgian at his residence in Villa Dahoon Batukaras Pangandaran.
In data collection techniques, it is an attempt to provide sufficient data for analysis purposes by making data cards. In this study the method of collecting data is called participant-observation. There are two methods of data collection, namely observation and interviews. The two methods are expected to complement each other in obtaining the necessary data.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Based on the results of research on the speeches of Belgians and Sundanese people, it causes the use of code mixing and code switching in these speeches. The language used in this utterance is Indonesian, Sundanese and a little bit of English. The dominant languages in this speech are Sundanese and
Journal of Curriculum Indonesia 6 (1) (2023)
Indonesian. The data taken for analysis is the language in speech which contains code mixing and code switching. The number of words analyzed is approximately 204 words.
From the results of this study, respondents used more than 2 languages, namely Indonesian, Sundanese and English. In this case the respondent can be said to be a bilingual. Kartini (2021) in her research explains that someone who uses two languages in communication can be said to be a bilingual.
This is supported by Rusyana's (1988) opinion that a bilingual is someone who has been in contact with models in a second language and is able to use these models in his own language environment.
After being analyzed, the overall results regarding code-mixing and code-switching in the speeches of the Belgians and the Sundanese were obtained from the presentation of the various languages used in each question and answer. Obtained 99 code mixing sentences and 105 code switching sentences. Sometimes these foreigners use code-mixed language in their utterances and sometimes use code-switched language when acting in speech with Sundanese people and researchers. Below are some examples of code-mixing and code-switching of respondents.
Table 1. Code-Mixing and Code-Switching of Respondents
The factors that cause code-mixing and code-switching in the speech of foreigners and Sundanese occur because of their awareness. The factors of code-mixing and code-switching occur usually due to the presence of a third person, switching topics from non-technical to technical ones, changing the mood of speech, influencing the interlocutor to change the language of speech, because the speaker wants to change the style of language, and many more reasons for this to occur. code mixing and code switching. However, according to Hymes (in Chaer, 2004) explains that the transition of language and code changes occurs because of ethnography in society in the form of customs and habits.
Based on the formulation of the problem and research objectives. First, the foreigner uses Indonesian and Sundanese more in his speech acts than using his native language. If seen from the results of this study, it can be said that the attitude of the respondents towards their first language has shown a negative attitude, this is as explained in the results of Kartini's research (2021) that people who do not use their first language are considered not to love the language and are categorized as having a negative attitude. . Second, there are many Indonesian and Sundanese vocabularies that are used in daily life, because these foreigners have lived in Indonesia for a long time, these foreigners are very fluent in using Indonesian and Sundanese.
Therefore, the vocabulary used is very diverse. Third, the foreigners use code-mixed languages of approximately 71 and 53 code-switching languages in their conversations.
Data Number
Data
Code Sentences Code
mixing
Code Switch
047 KD1 Kadang-kadang bayeungyang
048 KD1 Kalau istri saya tidur harus selalu pake AC 049 KD1 Janten panas teh, enak kitu nya, janten tiis kitu..
050 KD2 Show culture
051 KD1 Semua tergantung orang
052 KD1 Saya menghargai culture indonesia
053 KD1
Nah, ayeuna bade sasih saum, di indonesia aya taraweh, nagbuburit, nah saya suka ikut taraweh, tapi kadang-kadang,
soalnya lama, sok tunduh kitu,
054 P Anak udah berapa pa?
055 KD1 Baru satu,
056 KD1 Iya , Cuma sat, mungkin Cuma satu
057 KD1 Kalau orang sunda kieu ya, kumaha engke, kalau saya engke kumaha
Journal of Curriculum Indonesia 6 (1) (2023) CONCLUSION
Based on the results and discussion of the research regarding the analysis of code-mixing and code- switching in interactions between Belgians at Batukaras Pangandaran, the following three conclusions can be drawn. First, the use of code-mixed language and code-switching which was found in the respondent's conversation used Indonesian and Sundanese more in his speech acts than using his original language, namely Belgian, because the respondent had very good command of Indonesian and Sundanese. Second, there are many Indonesian and Sundanese vocabularies that are used in daily conversation, because the respondent has lived in Indonesia for a long time, the respondent is very fluent in using Indonesian and Sundanese, it is likely that the respondent uses Indonesian a lot. in order to facilitate the flow of communication and so that it is not related to rigid language rules, therefore the vocabulary used is very diverse. Third, the respondent uses code-mixing language of approximately 71 words and code-switching language of approximately 53 words in their conversations. This happened because a conversation from a formal situation turned into an informal one, the topic of conversation changed, because of the arrival of a third person, the background of the respondent and so on. There is a more tangible meaning in field research in conducting research than in other forms of research.
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