An Analysis Code Switching and Code Mixing in My Stupid Boss by Chaos@work

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AN ANALYSIS OF CODE SWITCHING AND CODE MIXING IN

MY STUPID BOSS BY CHAOS@WORK

A THESIS

BY

DELIFAH RITA INDAH HUTABARAT

REG. NO. 070705052

UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA

FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

MEDAN

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AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

I, Delifah Rita Indah Hutabarat, declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. Except

where reference is made in the text of this thesis, this thesis contains no material

published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a paper by which I have

qualified for or awarded another degree.

No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the main text

of the thesis. This thesis has not been submitted in any tertiary education.

Signed :

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COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

Name : Delifah Rita Indah Hutabarat

Title of this thesis : An Analysis Code Switching and Code Mixing in My Stupid

Boss by Chaos@work

Qualification : S-1 / Sarjana Sastra

Department : English

I am willing that my thesis should be available for reproduction at the discretion on

the librarian of the English Department, Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of

Sumatera Utara on the understanding that users are made aware of their obligation

under law of the Republic Indonesia.

Signed :

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Bismillahirrahmanirrahim,

Alhamdulillah, praise to Allah SWT, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful,

for giving the writer guidance, power, patience, and ability to finish this thesis.

First of all, I would like to thank the Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies,

University of Sumatera Utara, Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, MA, the Head of English

Department Drs. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS, and the Secretary Dr. Hj. Nurlela, M.

Hum for giving all facilities and opportunities during my academic years and in

completing this thesis.

I would also like to express my sincere gratitude and great appreciation to my

supervisor, Drs. H. Muhizar Muchtar , MS and my co-supervisor, Rahmadsyah

Rangkuti,M.A for their support and beneficial suggestion, and their willingness to

share time in correcting this thesis throughout the preparation of this thesis and the

period of doing this thesis.

My best and deep appreciation and love are dedicated to my father, Ramlan

Hutabarat, my mom Dahlia Nasution, my brothers Ridwansyah and Rahmat Wisnu

Hutabarat and my sister Delila Rindah and my little sister Siti khodijah Hutabarat.

And for giving support, never ending pray, advices, and happiness during my

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Finally, my special thanks are to my secret lover for a never ending pray,

support, and love. You always give me spirit to finish this thesis. And to my haters as

well as people who always underestimate me, may God forgive you all. I would also

like to thank Bang Amran for so much help in finishing all my academic problems

and also to my friends Suci, Rasyid, Gusvika, Ade, Tina and Hadi, thanks for our

friendship and your jokes. And the most unforgotten thanks to my new close friends

3 F; Bania, Nanda, and Vina for our friendship and your freak jokes and habits (beli

jeruk di kp.lalang merajuk Pulang!!) as well as for giving me spirit, supports and

facilities to finish this thesis until midnight.

May the grace and love of the Almighty Allah SWT are with us all forever. Amin.

Medan, 2011

Delifah Rita Indah

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ABSTRAK

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TABLE OF CONTENT

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION...i

COPYRIGHT DECLARATION...iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT...iv

ABSTRACT...v

TABLE OF CONTENTS...vi

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION...1

1.1 Background of the Study...1

1.2 Scope of the Study...5

1.3 Problem of the Study...5

1.4 Objective of the Study...6

1.5 Significance of the Study...6

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE...7

2.1 Sociolinguistics...7

2.2 Bilingual...8

2.3 Code...9

2.3.1 Code Switching...10

2.3.1.1 Types of Code Switching...11

2.3.1.2 Factors of Code Switching...12

2.3.2 Code Mixing...13

2.3.2.1 Types of Code Mixing...13

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Code Mixing...15

2.5 Reasons For Bilinguals to Switch or to Mix Languages...17

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD...18

3.1 Research Design...18

3.2 Data Collecting Method ...18

3.3 Data Analysis Method...19

3.4 Model of Presenting the Result of the Analysis...20

CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDING...24

4.1 Analysis of Code Switching and Code Mixing...24

4.2 Analysis of Code Switching...24

4.2.1 Extern Code Switching...22

4.2.2 Intern Code Switching...26

4.3 Analysis of Code Mixing...27

4.3.1 Outer Code Mixing...27

4.3.2 Inner Code Mixing...51

4.4 The Frequency of Code Switching and Code Mixing...56

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION...57

5.1 Conclusion...58

5.2 Suggestion...58

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ABSTRAK

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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of Study

Sociolinguistics is generally regarded as an interdisciplinary science which is

derived from two basic elements, socio and linguistics. Socio basically similar to

social, which is related to people in the society. Linguistics can be described as the

scientific study of language, especially its basic elements (such as phonemes,

morphemes, words, sentences, and meaning) and the interrelationship between the

elements (structures) including the nature and formation of afore-mentioned elements.

So, sociolinguistics is a study of language that deals with the speaker as the

member of society. In other words, sociolinguistics studies about aspects of language

society, especially the variation which consists in the language that related with the

factors of society. As addition, Hudson (1980:4) says, “sociolinguisticts as the study

of language in relation to society.” And he also says about sociology of language,

“sociology of language is the study of society in relation to language.” While, in

sociolinguistics we study society in order to find out as much as we can about what

kind of thing language is and in the sociology of language we reverse the direction of

our interest.

People are usually selecting a particular code whenever they choose to speak, and

they may also decide to switch one code to create a new code. There are two kinds of

code. They are code switching and code mixing.

Thelander in Chaer and Agustina (2004:115) says “ bila di dalam suatu peristiwa

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peristiwa yang terjadi adalah alih kode.” (when there is a switching from one clause

of a language to another clause of other language in a conversation so it called code

switching).

Thelander in Chaer and Agustina (2004:115) says that “apabila di dalam suatu

peristiwa tutur, klausa-klausa maupun frase-frase yang digunakan terdiri dari klausa

dan frase campuran (hybrid clauses,hybrid phrases) dan masing-masing klausa atau

frase itu tidak lagi mendukung fungsi sendiri-sendiri, maka peristiwa yang terjadi

adalah campur kode.” (if in the single utterance the clauses and the phrases used are

hybrid clause or hybrid phrases and each clause or phrase does not support the

function of clause and phrase, it is called code mixing).

In doing this thesis, the writer uses two theories based on Thelander and Suwito’s

theory. Suwito’s theory in Chaer and Agustina (2004:114) devides code switching

into types, they are:

1. Extern code switching.

Extern Code Switching occurs when one language is switched into another

language in different group of language, for example bahasa indonesia is

switched into English or in versa.

Example : “I refuse to count unless you buy me a scale. Ini mur waktu kita

beli juga si suplier itung pake scale. Mana ada orang ngitung mur

sebiji-sebiji?”

In this example, the conversant switches English into Indonesia or the

conversant uses two languages. Based on Suwito, in Chaer and Agustina

(2004:114) this utterance is include into extern code switching.

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Intern Code Switching occurs when one language is switched into another

language in the same group of language. The language is switched into

another variant of the same group. For example, in Javanese language, Jawa

Ngoko language is switched into Jawa Krama language. But if there is

switching from Bataknese into Javanese, it is also called intern code

switching. It is because the switching occurs in one group of language that is

Bahasa Indonesia.

Example : “Loh? Aduh..iki kepriye, toh? Kenapa nih? Eh, kamu kenapa?

Kok kamu ngomong melulu gak mau diem sih? Diem dong!”

In this example, conversant switches Javanese into Indonesian or the

conversant uses two languages. Based on Suwito in Chaer and Agustina

(2004:114) this utterance is included into intern code switching.

And he also devides code mixing in two types, they are:

1. Inner code mixing.

“Campur kode ke dalam (inner Code Mixing) adalah campur kode yang

bersumber dari bahasa asli dengan segala variasinya.” Inner Code Mixing

occurs, if the speaker inserts the elements of their own language into national

language, the elements of dialect into their own language, or elements of

varieties and style into their dialect.

Example : “Nah ini dia yang saya demen.”

This example uses Indonesian language, but the conversant insert a word,

demen. Demen in this example means like. Based on Suwito in Chaer and Agustina (2004:114), this example is included into inner code mixing,

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elements of dialect into their own language, or elements of varieties and style

into their dialect.

2. Outer code mixing.

“Campur kode keluar (outer code mixing) adalah campur kode yang

bersumber dari bahasa asing.” Outer Code Mixing occurs if the speaker

insert the element of their own language into foreign language.

Example : “Gaji dia orang di Factory yang lama lebih banyak dari disini!”

This example uses indonesian language , but the conversant insert words,

factory, which contitute as the vocabulary of English. Based on Suwito in Chaer and Agustina (2004:114), this example is include into outer code

mixing because the conversant insert the elements of their own language into pieces of foreign language.

In this thesis, Iam interested in analyzing the code switching and code mixing

found in comedy book. In this book comedy, the writter used many code switching

and code mixing to beautify their books. it makes the book very interesting to read.

So, in this thesis I will discuss and explain about code switching and code mixing

that found in this book and try to classify and describe them by using Thelander and

Suwito’s theory.

The book’s comedy that I analyze is Chaos@work’s book. I chose this book

because there are so many code switching and code mixing that can be found in the

book. Besides, she is a mysterious author because she is a TKI who did not want his

identity known and this book based on her personal experience (true story).

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In order to get exact and good results, this thesis only focuses on the type of code

switching and code mixing found in My Stupid Boss. The scope of the analysis will

help the writer to be more specific and thoroughly.

1.3 Problem of Study

In writing this thesis, the writer will analyze some cases that happen in My Stupid

Boss. There are some questions to be raised as the problem of this analysis:

1. What type of code switching and code mixing found in My Stupid Boss?

2. What type of code switching and code mixing are the most dominant in the all

chapters of My Stupid Boss?

1.4 Objectives of Study

By doing this thesis analysis, the writer wants to achieve some objectives that can

answer the problem of the analysis. The objectives are stated as follow:

1. To find out type of code switching and code mixing found in My Stupid Boss.

2. To find out type of code switching and code mixing are the most dominant in

the all chapters of My Stupid Boss.

1.5 Significances of Study

The writer hopes that this thesis enriches the study of sociolinguistics that can be

used for further reference, especially dealing with code switching and code mixing.

Besides, the writer also expects that she could give some significances for the readers:

a. Through this thesis, the writer and the readers of this thesis can realize that we

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b. This analysis can be advantageous and useful to the readers, especially to the

students of English Department or those who are interested in sociolinguistics.

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Sociolinguistics

Sociolinguistics is one of study about language in related by society condition.

Hudson (1980:4) says that sociolinguistics is study of language in relation to society,

while Wardaugh (1998:12) states that sociolinguistics is concerned with investigating

the relationships between language and society with the goal being a better

understanding of the structure of language and how languages function in

communication. While Gumperz in Wardaugh (1998:11) states that sociolinguistics is

an attempt to find correlations between social structure and linguistic structure and to

observe any changes that occurs.

There are several possible relationships between language and society. One is that

social structure may either influence or determine linguistic structure and behavior.

Certain evidence may be adduced to support this view : the agegrading phenomenon

whereby young children speak differently from older children and in turn children

speak differently from mature adults ; studies which show that the varieties of

language that speakers use reflect such matter as their regional, social, or etnic origin

and posssibly even their sex (or gender) and other studies which show that particular

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determind by certain social requirements. The second possible relationship is directly

opposed to the first: linguistic structure and behavior may either influence or

determine social structure. The third possible relationship is that the influence is

bi-directional: language and society may influence each other. One variant of this

approach is that this influence is dialectical in nature. The fourth possibility is to

assume that there is no relationship at all between linguistic structure and social

structure and that each is independent of the other. A variant of this possibility would

be to say that, although there might be some such relationship, present attempts to

characterize it are essentially premature, given what we know about both language

and society. Actually, this variant views an asocial linguistic as a preliminary to any

other kind of linguistic, such as asocial approach being in his view, logically prior.

2.2 Bilingual

Bilingualism can be regarded as the ability to cummunicate in two languages, but

with greater skills in one language. While the people which interrelated in, it called

billingual. A bilingual person is, in its broadest definition, anyone with

cummunicative skills in two languages, be it active or passive. The term bilingual is

often reserved for those speakers with native or native like proficiency in two

languages. A bilingual people can be narrowly defined like able to express itself

perfectly in two languages.

Bloomfield (1993:56) definite the bilingualism as “ability of a speaker in using

two languages, in case the using of the first language as good as the second language.”

According to bloomfield, someone called bilingual if she/he can use the first language

as well as the second language. Many people asked about Bloomfield’s concept about

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mastering two languages that they use, second, is there any speaker that using the

second language as well as the first language. If there is, it is rarely to find someone

who can master two languages as well. And in the fact, it is more common for

bilingual people even those who been bilingual since birth to be somewhat

“dominant” in one language. Whereas, someone who learn second language, the

ability in mastering second language is always below the ability of first language.

2.3 Code

According to Marjohan (1998:48) says, “code is a term which refers to a variety.”

Thus a code may be an idiolect, a dialect,a socielect, a register or a language. A

speaker has a linguistic repertoire which consists of various codes. Thus he usually

has a set of codes, each code having certain function or maybe some of them have

similar fucntion. In a monolingual situation, the use of different codes depends on the

variability of the language. In a multilingual situation the use of different codes

depends on the variability of the languages and specification of their uses as agreed

upon by the people. When the speakers have two codes with each having specific

functions, the speakers have a stable diglosia.

Holmes (2001:23) draws “three important social factors in code choice –

participant, setting and topic.” Holmes also states that three are other factors that

contributed to the appropriate choice of code. They are social distance, status,

formality and function or goal of the interaction. The social distance dimension is

relevant. How well does the speaker know each other, i.e., what is the social distance

between the speakers? Are they strangers, friends, brothers? The status relationship

between people may be relevant in selecting the appropriate code. Social role may

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people. For example, teacher-pupil, doctor-patient, soldier-civilian, priest-parishioner,

official-citizen. Features of the setting and the dimention of formality may also be

important in selecting an appropriate variety or code. In church, at aformal ceremony,

the appropriate variety will be different from that used afterwards in the church porch.

The variety used for a formal radio lecture will differ from that used for adverts.

Another relevant factor is the function or goal of the interaction. What is the language

being used for? Is the speaker asking a favor or giving orders to someone?

People are usually required to select a particular code when ever they choose to

speak and they may also decide to switch from one code to another or to mix codes

even within sometimes very short utterances and thereby create a new code. The

phenomenon in switch or mix the code called code switching and code mixing.

2.3.1 Code Switching

Code swithcing can be generally defined as the phenomenon wherein a bior

multilingual speaker shifts from one language to another in the course of a

conversation. According to Gal in Wardaugh (1998:100) says that code switching is a

conversational strategy used to establish, cross or destroy boundaries; to create, evoke

or change interpersonal relations with their rights and obligations. Code switching is

also known as a term in linguistics referring to using more than one language or

variety in conversation. Bilinguals, who can speak at least two language, have ability

to use elements of both languages when conversing with another bilingual. In another

manner, Gardner-Chloros in Coupland and Jaworski (1997:361) states that code

switching can be defined as the use of two or more languages in the same

conversation or utterance. Thelander (2004:115) says “ bila di dalam suatu peristiwa

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peristiwa yang terjadi adalah alih kode.” (when there is a switching from one clause

of a language to another clause of other language occur in a conversation so it called

code switching).

2.3.1.1 Types of Code Switching

Suwito in Chaer and Agustina, (2004:114) divides code switching into two

types, they are:

1. Extern Code Switching

Extern Code Switching occurs when one language is switched into another

language in different group of language, for example bahasa indonesia is switched

into English or in versa.

2. Intern Code Switching

Intern Code Switching occurs when one language is switched into another

language in the same group of language. The language is switched into another

variant. For example, in Javanese language, Jawa Ngoko language is switched into

Jawa Krama language. But if there is switching from Bataknese into Javanese, it is

also called intern code switching. It is because the switching occurs in one group of

language that is Bahasa Indonesia.

2.3.1.2 Factors of Code Switching 1. Conversant

A conversant sometimes switches the code with another conversant

because of certain purpose. For example, to change formal situation to

informalsituation and in versa.

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If the first conversant and the second conversant have a similar

background of language, they will switch the code in variant switching

form but if the first conversant and the second conversant have a different

background of language, they will switch the code in language switching

form.

3. The appearance of the third conversant

If the third conversant has the different background of language with the

first and the second conversant, they usually do code switching to

neutralize the situation and to respect the appearance the third conversant.

4. Topic

Topic is the dominant factor in determining code switching. The formal

topic is usually served in neutral and serious style of language and

informal topic is usually served in relax of language.

2.3.2 Code Mixing

Code mixing refers to the mixture of two or more languages or language

varieties in speech. Wardaugh (1998:103) says, ”code mixing occurs when conversant

use both languages together to the extent that they change from one language to the

other in the course of single utterance.” It meants that the conversant just change some

of the elements in their utterance. Code mixing takes place without change of topic

and can involve levels of language. And as Thelander in Chaer and Agustina

(2004:115) says that “apabila di dalam suatu peristiwa tutur, klausa-klausa maupun

frase-frase yang digunakan terdiri dari klausa dan frase campuran (hybrid

clauses,hybrid phrases) dan masing-masing klausa atau frase itu tidak lagi

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(if in the single utterance the clauses and the phrases used are hybrid clause or hybrid

phrases and each clause or phrase does not support the function of clause and phrase,

it is called code mixing).

2.3.2.1 Types of code mixing

Suwito in Chaer and Agustina (2004:114) is devided code mixing in two

types, they are :

1. Inner Code Mixing

“Campur kode ke dalam (inner Code Mixing) adalah campur kode yang

bersumber dari bahasa asli dengan segala variasinya.” Inner Code Mixing occurs,

if the speaker inserts the elements of their own language into national language, the

elements of dialect into their own language, or elements of varieties and style into

their dialect.

2. Outer Code Mixing

“Campur kode keluar (outer code mixing) adalah campur kode yang bersumber

dari bahasa asing.” Outer Code Mixing occurs if the speaker insert the element of

their own language into foreign language.

2.3.2.2Factors Code Mixing

1. The using of elements from one certain language in sentece or foreign

discourse.

2. The complusion of technology might be mentioned as a need feeling

motive.

3. Actually happen on situation of informal conversation and pushed by

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4. The language is dynamic, this parallel with the globalization of

development.

5. The limited Indonesian, there are many foreign terminology. If it put in

Indonesian, the meaning will be hazy/vague and sometimes it wouldn’t

practice.

6. There’s image, if using the foreign terminology, it seems intellect and

good. The case in village society in Indonesia, if the society using

Indonesia it seems like people is an intellect person. In many cities the

foreign. Language becomes the icon of the intellectuality.

2.4 similarity and difference between Code Switching and Code Mixing

It is not easy to determine one situation whether it is code switching and code

mixing. It is because there is no exact standardization to determine them. But for

simple understanding, it is better to understand the similarity and different between

code switching and code mixing. As Chaer and Agustina (2004:114) states the

similarity between code switching and code mixing “ kesamaan yang ada antara alih

kode dan campur code adalah digunakannya dua bahasa atau lebih atau dua varian

dari sebuah bahasa dalam satu masyarakat tutur”. (Similarity between cede switching

and code mixing is both of the phenomenons occur in multilingual society which is

using two languages or more). But there is a real different between these

phenomenons which is code switching still have its autonomy, doing in conscious

because of certain causes while code mixing is a major code or basic code which is

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states that perbedaan alih kode dan campur kode adalah bila di dalam suatu

peristiwa tutur terjadi peralihan dari satu klausa suatu bahasa ke klausa bahasa lain,

maka peristiwa yang terjadi adalah alih kode. Tetapi apabila di dalam suatu

peristiwa tutur, klausa-klausa maupun frase-frase yang digunakan terdiri dari klausa

dan frase campuran (hybrid clauses,hybrid phrases) dan masing-masing klausa atau

frase itu tidak lagi mendukung fungsi sendiri-sendiri, maka peristiwa yang terjadi

adalah campur kode. (The difference between code switching and code mixing is

when there is a switching from one clause of a language to another clause of other

language occur in a conversation, so it called code switching. But when in a

conversation, the clauses or phrases which are used consist of hybrid clauses and

hybrid phrases and each of clause or phrase not support the autonomy function, it

called code mixing).

2.5 Reason for bilinguals to Switch or to Mix Language

Except the factors of code switching and code mixing, there are some reasons for

bilinguals to switch or mix their languages, they are:

1. Talking about a particular topic

People sometimes prefer to talk about particular topic in one language rathen than

in another. Sometimes a speaker feels free and more comfortable to express their

emotional feelings in a language that is not their everyday language.

2. Quoting somebody else

People sometimes like to qoute a famous expression or saying of some well-known

figures. In Indonesian, those well-known figures are mostly from some

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in English, those famous expressions or saying can be qouted intact intheir original

language.

3. Being emphatic about something

Usually, when someone who is talking using a language that is not his native

tongue suddenly wants to be emphatic about something, he/she, either intentionally

or unintentionally, will switch from his second language to his first language. Or ,

on the other hand, there are some cases where people feel more convenient to be

emphatic in their second language rather than in their first language.

4. Interjection (inserting sentence fillers or sentence connectors)

Language switching and language mixing among bilingual or multilingual people

can sometimes mark an interjection or sentence connector. It may happen

unintentionally or intentionally.

5. Repetition used for clarification

When a bilingual wants to clarify his/her speech so that it will be understood more

by the listener, he/she can sometimes use both of the languages that he masters

saying the same utterance (the utterance is said repeatedly).

6. Intention of clarifying the speech content for interlocutor

When bilingual talks to another bilingual, there will be lots of code switching and

code mixing occur. It means to make the content of his/her speech runs smoothly

and can be understood by hearer.

7. Expressing group identity.

Cede switching and code mixing can be also used to express group identity. As it

has been mentioned previously, the way of communication of academic people in

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words, the way of communication of one community is different from people who

are out of community.

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD

3.1 Research Method

This thesis uses library research in which a number of books about linguistics,

sociolinguistics and code choice are consulted. As Nawawi (1993:30) says “penelitian

kepustakaan dilakukan dengan menghimpun data dari berbagai literature, baik

diperpustakaan maupun tempat lain.”(Library research is carried out by accumulating

all the data from various literatures either in library or in other places).

The information accumulated are about code switching and code mixing, its

definitions, types and factors as well as sociolinguistics as its foundation.

3.2 Data Collecting Method

Documentation method is used to collect the data. Documentation method is

applied in this thesis because source of the analysis is written material that is a novel

of Chaos@work’s My Stupid Boss. Chaos@work’s My Stupid Boss consists of 71

chapters. The writer will analyze all chapters to get all the data of code switching and

code mixing. The writer analyzes all chapters because the chapters do not consist of

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3.3 Data Analysis Method

In analyzing the data, descriptive method is applied in this thesis in which all the

facts that are related to the object of the analysis in this thesis will be described. As

Nawawi (1993:27) says “metode deskriptif adalah prosedur atau cara memecahkan

masalah penelitian dengan memaparkan keadaan objek yang sedang diselidiki

sebagaimana adanya berdasarkan fakta-fakta yang aktual pada saat sekarang.”

(Descriptive method is a procedure or manner in solving the problems of an analysis

by explaining the object which is being investigated toward the factual facts).

To count the percentage of the data, this thesis uses Bungin’s formula (Bungin,

2005:171-172), that is :

N = fx / n x 100%

n : percentage of code switching and code mixing type

Fx : individual frequency of code switching and code mixing type

N : total number of all type

The systematic procedure in conducting the analysis are as follows:

1. Reading the all chapters in My Stupid Boss repeatedly.

2. Identyfying the words or sentences which belong to code switching and code

mixing.

3. Classifying the code switching and code mixing into the more specific types,

i,e. extern code switching, intern code switching, inner code mixing and outer

code mixing.

4. Analyzing the code switching and code mixing based on Suwito’s theory.

5. Calculating each type of code switching and code mixing and determining the

most dominant type.

6. Drawing some conclusions based on the result of analysis.

3.4 Model of Presenting the Result of the Analysis

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No. UTTERANCES ANALYSIS 1. “Ini punya Centra Industry!

Can’t you read? Here, here, read this Central! Bukan punya kamu!”.

Thelander in Chaer and Agustina

(2004:115) states that when there is a

switching from one clause of a

language to another clause of other

language occur in a conversation so it

called code switching.

Based on Suwito, in Chaer and

Agustina (2004:114) this utterance is

included into extern code switching

because the conversant switches

Indonesia into English or the

conversant uses two languages.

2. “Ini urgent soalnya, ini urusan

kantor kalo urusan kantor pasti

penting, mesin-mesin yang mau

service belum sampai!”.

(2004:115) if in the single utterance the

clauses and the phrases used are hybrid

clause or hybrid phrases and each

clause or phrase does not support the

function of clause and phrase, it is

called code mixing. And it can be seen

that the pieces of English, urgent and

service, do not change the structure of the language. This utterance uses

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insert words, urgent and service, which

contitute as the vocabulary of English.

Based on Suwito in Chaer and Agustina

(2004:114), this utterance is included

into outer code mixing because the

conversant inserts the elements of their

own language into pieces of foreign

language.

CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS AND FINDING 4.1 Analysis of Code Switching and Code Mixing

The data which are analyzed in this thesis are taken from My Stupid Boss by

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determine the utterance in the correct division based on the type of code switching and

code mixing. The utterance is taken from the conversation between the characters in

the novel.

4.2 Analysis of Code Switching 4.2.1 Extern Code Switching

NO. UTTERANCES ANALYSIS

1. “I refuse to count unless you

buy me a scale. Ini mur waktu kita beli juga si suplier itung pake

scale. Mana ada orang ngitung mur sebiji-sebiji?” (p.47/ch.XVI)

language occurs in a conversation so it

In this utterance, the conversant

switches English into Indonesia or the

conversant uses two languages. Based

on Suwito, in Chaer and Agustina

(2004:114) this utterance is included

into extern code switching.

2. “Bul, kamu harus ubah rencana

pulang. Jangan 4 bulan, karena

kita banyak service machine

pump petrol.” (p.75/ch.XXVI)

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switches Indonesia into English or the

3. “Ini punya Central Industy! Can’t

you read?here, here, read Central! Bukan punya kamu!” (p.84/ch.XXX)

4. "I have prepared your cheque.

Cheque ini sudah lama saya siapkan !”(p.126/cg.XLVII)

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5. “Dia ingat saya ini siapa? Saya

manager lah! Heii, I don’t know

this guy lah. What kind of character he has by the way, ini tol ticket dan petrol claim saya

for today.” (p.165/ch.LXIV)

6. “You know him lah, he told me

to tell you that he went overseas! Nanti you berisik dia pergi lama!” (p.166/ch.LXIV)

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7. “Yes I know you’re the Boss.

You boleh umumkan di CNN bila you mau! Tapi bukan mudah masuk ke sana.” (p.171/ch.LXV)

8. “We must send our personal

detail. Dia orang akan cek kita punya background, saya saja

yang warga negara tunggu 2 bulan

untuk boleh masuk! Now

suddenly I go there and bring

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you along with me! You are a foreigner lah.” (p.171/ch.LXV)

switches English into indonesis or the

4.2.2 Intern Code Switching

1. “Loh? Aduh..iki kepriye, toh? Kenapa nih? Eh, kamu kenapa?

Kok kamu ngomong melulu gak

mau diem sih? Diem dong!”

(p.124/ch.XLVI)

language occurs in a conversation so

it called code switching.

In this utterances, conversant switches

Javanese into Indonesian or the

on Suwito in Chaer and Agustina

into intern code switching.

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No. UTTERANCES ANALYSIS 1. “Jadi gue dan si Boss sama-sama

stuck.” (p.11/ch.I)

(2004:115) states that if in the single

utterance the clauses and the phrases

used are hybrid clause or hybrid

phrases and each clause or phrase

does not support the function of

clause and phrase, it is called code

mixing. And it can be seen that pieces

of English, stuck, do not change the

structure of the language. This

utterance uses indonesian language,

but the conversant insert words,

stuck, which contitute as the vocabulary of English. Based on

Suwito in Chaer and Agustina

conversant insert the elements of their

language.

2. “Ya diaturlah, masak gitu aja gak

bisa di-handle.” (p.14/ch.II)

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of English, handle, do not change the

utterance uses indonesian language,

handle, which contitute as the vocabulary of English. Based on

language.

3. “Ok!!good!! semua sudah kasih

pendapat.” (p.16/ch.II)

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utterance uses Indonesian language,

but the conversant insert words, good,

which contitute as the vocabulary of

English. Based on Suwito in Chaer

and Agustina (2004:114), this

utterance is include into outer code

mixing because the conversant insert the elements of their own language

into pieces of foreign language.

4. “Gaji dia orang di Factory yang

lama lebih banyak dari disini!”

(p.22/ch.III)

of English, factory, do not change the

factory, which contitute as the vocabulary of English. Based on

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language.

5. “ya, Boss saya paham. Tak payah

explain ke saya lagi.” (p.23.ch.III)

of English, explain, do not change the

explain, which contitute as the vocabulary of English. Based on

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6. “Bapak tulis tanggal cek buat

supplier salah tanggal, jadinya

ceknya stale.” (p.25/ch.IV)

of English, stale, do not change the

but the conversant insert words, stale,

utterance is included into outer code

7. “ya, paak!! Udah kelewat deh!

Mana jalannya oneway!!”

(p.36/ch.XI)

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of English, oneway, do not change the

oneway, which contitute as the vocabulary of English. Based on

language.

8. “Ini urgent soalnya. Ini urusan

kantor, kalo urusan kantor pasti

penting. Mesin-mesin yang mau

di service belum sampai.” (p.41/ch.XII)

of English, urgent, service, do not

change the structure of the language.

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language, but the conversant insert

words, urgent, service, which contitute as the vocabulary of English.

Based on Suwito in Chaer and

Agustina (2004:114), this utterance is

included into outer code mixing

because the conversant insert the

elements of their own language into

pieces of foreign language.

9. “Ok, kalau sampai shift malam

gak bisa jalan, Bapak tanggung

jawab ya!” (p.42/ch.XIII)

of English, shift, do not change the

but the conversant insert words, shift,

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10. “Mana saya ingat ke mana

perginya copper shaft 300 biji.

Datanya ada besok saya kasih.”

(p.45/ch.XIV)

of English, copper, shaft do not

This utterance uses Indonesian

words, copper, shaft, which contitute

as the vocabulary of English. Based

language.

11. “Gak saya buang pak, don’t

worry..cuman dimakn doang.”

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(p.48/ch.XVI) utterance the clauses and the phrases

of English, don’t, worry, do not

words, don’t, worry, which contitute

language.

12. “Katanya pernah kerja di

corporate, masak ngatur gini aja gak bisa?!” (p.50/ch.XVII)

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of English, corporate, do not change

the structure of the language. This

corporate, which contitute as the vocabulary of English. Based on

language.

13. “Dul, pokoknya kalo hasil cat si

Dano jelek, reject aja! Balikin!

Suruh dia cat ulang.”

(p.52/ch.XVIII)

of English, reject, do not change the

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reject, which contitute as the vocabulary of English. Based on

language.

14. “Mir, liatin hasil kerja si Dano.

Kalo jelek dikit gak apa-apa,

ok-in aja. Kirim barangnya ke Bedul

untukdi-assembly.”

(p.52/ch.XVIII)

of English, assembly, do not change

assembly, which contitute as the vocabulary of English. Based on

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language.

15. “Kamu buat list utang-utang si Ah

cay, kamu tagih ke dia yang

belum jatuh tempo pun tagih.”

(p.53/ch.XVIII)

of English, list, do not change the

but the conversant insert words, list,

16. “Saya barusan ketemu si Ah Cay,

katanya dia gak happy sama

kamu. Kamu judes banget sih.”

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(p.53/ch.XVIII) used are hybrid clause or hybrid

of English, happy, do not change the

happy, which contitute as the vocabulary of English. Based on

language.

17. “Belum tentu!! Chaque aja bisa

bounch kok!” (p.73/ch.XXV)

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of English, chaque, do not change the

chaque, which contitute as the vocabulary of English. Based on

language.

18. “Ada problem, dia minta dimasukin kegudangnya dari atap

yang bisa dibuka-tutup gitu

karena pintunya kekecilan, gak

muat jadinya mesti pake crane,

tapi dia gak mau bayar crane.”

(p.77/ch.XXVII)

of English, problem, crane, do not

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19. “Makanya, keep stock dong, ini

jadi susah kalo begini.”

(p.81/ch.XXIX)

of English, keep, stock, do not change

but the conversant insert words, keep,

stock, which contitute as the vocabulary of English. Based on

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language.

20. “Kastam belum terima dokumen

sampai closing time.”

(p.96/ch.XXXV)

of English, closing, time, do not

words, closing, time, which contitute

language.

21. “Ok, kita mulai ya kamu catat ya,

untuk minutes meeting nanti.”

(p.99/ch.XXXVI)

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of English, minutes, meeting, do not

words, minutes, meeting, which

22. “Gak bisa, saya lagi makan ini

lunch time.” (p.130/ch.XLIX)

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of English, lunch, time, do not

words, lunch, time, which contitute

language.

23. “Nanti dulu, keluarganya lagi

berduka didalam, ada private

ceremony jangan ganggu dulu.” (p.140/ch.LIII)

of English, private, ceremony, do not

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24. “Steven chin bilang dia cancel

service mesinnya di kita, dia mau ambil mesinnya sore ini.”

(p.147/ch.LV)

of English, cancel, service, do not

words, cancel, service, which contitute as the vocabulary of English.

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25. “Ya, Boss pun tak pernah panggil

Faisal datang office untuk bincang

pasal office, kan?”

(p.154/ch.LVII)

of English, office, do not change the

office, which contitute as the vocabulary of English. Based on

language.

26. “Jam 7.30 kamu udah harus stand

by dipabrik ya, liat apa mereka mulai start kerja jam segitu, si

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Faisal nih sama pemalasnya jadi

kamu awasin mereka sampai

selesai.” (p.156/ch.LVIII)

of English, stand by, start, do not

words, stand by, start, which

27. “Boss, ini ada suplier oli baru.

Barangya udah dites sama dia dan

lebih bagus dari supplier kita

sekarang. Harganya juga lebih

murah, ini quotation-nya.”

(p.159/ch.LIX)

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of English, supplier, quotation, do

not change the structure of the

language. This utterance uses

Indonesian language, but the

conversant insert words, suplier,

qoutation, which contitute as the vocabulary of English. Based on

language.

28. “Gak mungkin, pak! Impossible

bisa masuk! Selama ini pekerja

Mr.Kow pun masuk jalan kaki

atau naik sepeda!”

(p.175/ch.LXIV)

of English, impossible, do not change

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impossible, which contitute as the vocabulary of English. Based on

language.

29. “Ya, tapi ini udah mau take off!

Bapak mau keguling apa?”

(p.182/ch.LXVI)

of English, take off, do not change the

but the conversant insert words, take

off, which contitute as the vocabulary of English. Based on Suwito in Chaer

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the elements of their own language

into pieces of foreign language.

4.3.2 Inner Code Mixing

1. “Nah ini dia yang gw demen.”

(p.15/ch.I)

mixing. And it can be seen that the

pieces of Betawinese, demen, do not

language, but the conversant insert a

word, demen. Demen in this

utterance means like. Based on

into inner code mixing, due to the