English Education Study Program – STKIP West Sumatera [2017]
AN ANALYSIS OF METAPHOR IN COLDPLAY ALBUM OF A HEAD FULL OF DREAMS
Anggi Yusaputra1)Suharni2)Dian Mega Putri3)
1English Education Department Students, STKIP PGRI West Sumatera, Gunung Pangilun–Padang, anggi.achenk@gmail.com,(1stWriter)
2English Education Department Students, STKIP PGRI West Sumatera, Gunung Pangilun–Padang, nenikuchi@ymail.com, (Co-author)
3English Education Department Lecturers, STKIP PGRI West Sumatera, Gunung Pangilun–Padang, dian_mega.putri@yahoo.com, (Co-author)
ABSTRACT
This research was about metaphor in Coldlay album of “A Head Full of Dream”.The purpose of this research was to find out the types of metaphor in three song lyrics which are Adventure of a lifetime, Amazing day, Birds. The writer used the theory from Lackoff and Johnson about types of metaphor; structural metaphor, ontological metaphor dan orientational metaphor. This is a qualitative research method that data source from three song lyrics in Coldplay album of “A Head Full of Dreams”. In collecting the data, the writer used observation method with tapping technique and uninvolved conversation observation technique that combined with writing technique. In analyzing the data, the writer used comparing method with connecting and comparing technique. In conducting this research the writer listened the song, downloaded the song lyrics, understood the lyrics, and identified the data based on theory and context in song lyrics. The result of this research was, there are seven sentences containing metaphors in Coldplay songs. From that seven sentences there were 2 types of metaphors, there were: 5 ontological metaphor sentences, 2 orientational metaphor sentences and structural metaphor was not found.
Penelitian ini tentang metafora yang ditemukan di dalam albumColdplay “A Head Full of Dreams”. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tipe-tipe metafora yang terdapat dalam 3 buah lagu yaitu Adventure of a lifetime, Amazing day, Birds. Teori yang digunakan oleh peneliti dalam penelitian ini adalah teori dari Lackoff and Jonhson tentang tipe-tipe metafora yaitu: structural metaphor, ontological metaphor dan orientational metaphor. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Data mencakup 3 buah lirik lagu didalam album Coldplay“A Head Full of Dreams”. Dalam pengumpulan data peneliti memakai metode simak dengan menggunakan teknik rekam dan simak libat bebas cakap yang di kombinasikan dengan teknik catat.
Dalam menganalisis data peneliti mamakai metode padan dengan menggunakan teknik hubung banding. Dalam melakukan penelitian ini peneliti mendengarkan lagu, download lirik lagu, membaca memahami lirik lagu dan mengidentifikasi data berdasarkan teori dan konteks di dalam lirik lagu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tujuh kalimat yang memiliki metafora di dalam lagu Coldplay, dari 7 kalimat tersebut di temukan 2 tipe metafora, diantaranya:5 kalimat ontological metaphor, 2 orientational metaphor dan tidak ditemukan structural metaphor.
Keywords : Metafora, Coldplay album“A Head Full of Dreams”.
INTRODUCTION
Language is the principal means of human being to communicate with each other. It is used to express our reaction to certain situations, and reveal our thought, ideas, emotions and feelings.
According to Lust (2006:9), language is first and foremost symbolic, sounds, words and sentences represent and capture an infinity of possible meanings and intentions. It means, language is important tool in people communcation each other.
Language is also used to express someone‘s feelings or emotion and also to express their ideas,
their thoughts and their imaginations, it can be spoken or written.
Communication can be built if there is an understanding between speaker and the hearer in other word, the source person and target person.
The main aim is to indicate something or some relations or even some ideas, and it can be a shown or called as its meaning. In this case, meaning is important and significant. If the hearer cannot
2 comprehend the meaning of the speaker try to
reveal, the meaning won’t be delivered smoothly.
Meaning can be studied through scientific study of language called Linguistics. Meaning is an integral part of the semantics and always attached of what people speaks. Understanding meaning itself is very diverse. According to Pateda (2001:79), meaning is words and terms are confusing. Meaning is always embedded in speech in words or sentences. In Semantics, meaning is divided in two parts, literal meaning and non-literal meaning. Literal means based on the actual words.
Non-literal meaning is the other way around. The speaker means something different from his literal meaning of the words, he has another intentions which different from the meaning of words he said.
The hearer may find it is difficult to understand what the speaker wants to convey if the speaker speaks non-literally. There are a number of ways in expressing ideas which deviate from semantic conventions, some of which are through the use of idiom and figurative language.
Furthermore, metaphor is one part of figurative language which is the most common and widely used. It is an implicit comparison in which the intended idea is compare with another idea through a similarity or likeness of characteristics, qualities or attributes between the two ideas.
Metaphors maybe viewed as a figure of speech in which a particular phrase or term is applied, that has a literal meaning, to a context that is different in order to suggest a likeness. In using the figurative comparison, additional information is providedabout the content, structure as well as the meaning of any situation. Metaphors are now commonly seen as essential in understanding thinking and language use, as well as beingkey for creativity and the development of approaches to new emerging research objects. Metaphor is not only found in poetry, novel, short story, or poem. It also can be found in the song lyric too.
Song is one of the ways to express someone’s feeling that could be seen, heard and experienced.
Song becomes a part of human life and stick in her mind. It is easy to find and interesting. A songwriter uses connotative and figurative to make appeal and specific of the song or lyrics. The listener can have different interpretation for each lyric depend on the background of the listener or their knowledge. A song writer will not use usual words to write a lyric because it will not attract the listener to imagine and reveal the message beneath the song. To create a song with beautiful words is related to the songwriter capability to choose certain words to present the imagination. It will have additional value to the lyrics.
Hence, the writer chooses metaphor in A Head Full of Dreams album because in these album communicates not only about love but also about life, struggle, faith and many more. It belongs to difficult to understand because Coldplay has adopted metaphor to beautify their lyrics.
Therefore, the writer will discuss the type of metaphor that found in song lyrics and analyze the meaning.
In this research, writer wants to find out the metaphor in three Coldplay songs. The writer choosed three songs because these song are contains many metaphors. These lyrics have magnificent words and the poetic aspects. In Coldplay songs contained metaphors. Therefore, the writers was interested to analyze metaphor because it was important to learn and hopefully this study will be useful for the reader.
RESEARCH METHOD
This research was a qualitative research.
According to Bogdan and Taylor in Pickens (2004:299), a qualitative method refers to research procedures, which produce descriptive data, people’s own written or spoken words and observable behavior. To describe the phenomenon in this research the writer used descriptive method with qualitative approach. According to Sudaryanto (1993:62), the term of descriptive has relation with language study "descriptive linguistic". Descriptive is a study based on facts or phenomena empirically exists on the speakers, so the result or noted in form of language used. Descriptive method used in this research because the writer wants to find the metaphor sentences and meaning of metaphor sentences are found in Coldplay’s song lyric.
Qualitative approach used in describing the data in words and it does not form numerical as the result because the data was in the form of descriptions or written form as the result of qualitative research.
The purpose of this research was to analyze the types of metaphor sentences in song lyrics. The sources of data was took from three song lyrics on A Head Full of Dreams, Coldplay’s song albums.
The song titles are; Adventure of Life Time, Amazing Day, and Birds. The writer took data for this research from the script of the song lyrics.
In collecting the data for this research, the writer used Observation Method. According to Mahsun, Observation Method is a method which is used to find the data by observing the use of the language (2012: 92). The observing here is not only for oral source, but also written source, such as articles, manuscript, dictionary, etc. In this research the writer observed the metaphor sentences which are found in Coldplay’s song lyrics. This method
3 has a basic technique in the form of Tapping
Technique. In collecting the data, the writer taped the used of the informant language. Then the technique above followed by Uninvolved Conversation Observation Technique means that the writer was an observer of the informant’s language and the writer was not involved directly in conversation, in this research the informant’s was the song lyrics of Coldplay. Those techniques were combined with writing technique. Writing technique was the continuation technique which applies the observation method. This technique was done by writing some relevant data from the source or informant (Mahsun, 2005:93). During observation, metaphor that find in Coldplay song lyrics noted by using writing technique.
Moreover, to analyze the data the writer used comparing method. According to Mahsun (2012:117), a research which is done by comparing and connecting the elements of data sources is called Comparing Method. There are two kinds of Comparing Method: Intralingua Comparing Method; and Extralingua Comparing Method. In this research, the writer used Extralingua Method to analyze types of metaphor. Extraligua method is an analysis method that comparing and connecting the elements from the outside of the language that is context. Context can be place and situation of the song lyrics. After the data had been collected, those data was analyzed by using Connecting and Comparing Technique to find out the similarity, difference, and the similarity of main elements.
FINDING AND DISCUSSION
After analyzing the data, the writer found that there were types of metaphor that found in Coldplay song lyrics were structural metaphor, ontological metaphor and orientational metaphor.
In fact, the writer found two types of metaphor;
ontological metaphor and orientational metaphor.
This finding can be seen in the following table.
Table 1. Types of metaphor in Coldplay album of A Head Full of Dreams
No Type of Metaphors Sum
1 Structural Metaphors -
2 Ontological Metaphors 5
3 Orientational Metaphors 2
7 From the table above can be seen that there were 7 metaphor sentences of consisted of types metaphors in Coldplay album of A Head Full of Dreams. In three song lyrics of Coldplay (Adventure of life time, Birds, and Amazing Day)
The ontological metaphors were 5 ontological metaphors. Those sentences were And we are legends every day–that’s what she told me,Under this pressure under this weight - we are diamonds, it's a fool’s gold thunder, out from the underground, and we'll be birds. And, the orientational metaphors were 2 orientational metaphor. Those sentences was life has a beautiful - crazy design and Don't let the fears just start - what if I won't see you again. In addition, the structural metaphors were not found in Coldplay song lyrics. Because, Structural metaphor is a concept of a thing that metaphorically structured on something else. One example is the concept of a structural metaphor experience argues that explains that Argument is War (Lakoff & Johnson, 2003:14). In the opinion of debates or controversies between two or more persons are often found metaphorical expressions like "strategy", "attack", and "wins" are commonly used in war. The words are then borrowed into one another concept, namely, argued. Processes in argumentation rated have the same meaning to the concept of war.
Similarities in the two concepts are both have the concept of winning and losing. And therefore, the researchers did not find the concept of structural metaphor that says about the debate and opposition in Coldplay album of A Head Full of Dreams.
After conducting this research, the writer answered the research question about types of metaphor in Coldplay album of A Head Full of Dreams. Based on finding, the writer found three types of metaphor in Coldplay album of A Head Full of Dreams. The types were: structural;
ontological and orientational. The writer reviewed some related research with Ahmad 2014. A Study of Metaphors in Bob Marley Songs, the researcher found 14 structural metaphor, 1 orientational metaphor and the reseacher did not found the ontological metaphor. It is because there were no data showed about event and activities of entities and substances of metaphor.
CONCLUSION
The writer gave the conclusion of this research. The writer concluded that there were structural metaphors, ontological metaphors and orientational metaphors found in three song lyrics entitled Adventure of Life Time, Amazing Day and Birds. It can be concluded that the type of metaphor that found in Coldplay’s song lyrics were found ontological metaphors, then followed by structural metaphors and orientational metaphors. The ontological metaphor that found were 5 then, the orientational metaphor were 2, and the structural metaphor were not found.
4 SUGGESTION
Moreover, The writer hoped that this research can give contribution for the students, reader and writer self. For the researcher, the writer was able to improve his knowledge in analyzing types of metaphor in Coldplay’s song album especially in thee song lyrics. Then, the writer or other researcher can broaden this research completely to get better development in types of metaphors in Coldplay song lyrics.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
A special thanks and appreciation from the deepest heart are given to advisors, Suharni, M.Pd., and Dian Mega Putri, M.Pd., who have been kind and willing to give their times, energy, suggestions and supports in completing this thesis.
REFERENCES
Lackoff and Johnson. 2003. Metaphor we live by.
Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press.
Lust, Barbara 2006. Child Language: Acquisition and Growth. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Mahsun, M. S. 2012. Metode Penelitian Bahasa:
Tahapan Strategi, Metode, dan Tekniknya Edisi Revisi. Depok: Raja Grafindo Persada
Pickens, George F. 2004. African Christian God- talk: Matthew Ajuoga's Johera Narrative.
Maryland: University Press of America Pateda, Mansoer, 2001. Semantik Leksikal. Jakarta:
Rineka Cipta.
Sudaryanto. 1993. Metode dan Aneka Teknik Analisis Bahasa. Yogyakarta: Duta Wacana University Press
