Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE) Vol. 6. No. 3 (2023)
e-ISSN:2621-606X Page: 1388-1402
ANALYSIS OF UNDERSTANDING OF TA’AWUN PRINCIPLES AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE INTEREST OF ONLINE OJEK DRIVERS TO BECOME
SHARIA INSURANCE PARTICIPANTS
Rifka Fachrina1
Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia fachrinarifka@gmail.com
Marliyah2
Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia marliyah@uinsu.ac.id
Rahmi Syahriza3
Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia rahmi.syahriza@uinsu.ac.id
Analysis of Understanding ….. 1388 Abstract
Online transportation companies have provided insurance facilities for the profession of online motorcycle taxi drivers, but there are still many online motorcycle taxi drivers who do not have self-protection in the form of insurance, even though drivers have a level of work risk that has the potential to endanger their health and safety.
The purpose of this research is to find out the online motorcycle taxi drivers' understanding of the ta’awun principle and the online motorcycle taxi drivers’
interest in sharia insurance. This study uses qualitative methods with data collection techniques through interviews. Data processing was carried out using the Miles &
Huberman analysis technique which consisted of three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. Based on data analysis it was concluded that as many as 29% of informants understood the ta’awun principle in sharia insurance.
43% of informants are interested in becoming participants in sharia insurance 67% of them understand the principle of ta’awun while 33% of other people do not understand the principle of ta’awun, 34% of informants are not interested in participating in conventional insurance or sharia insurance as much as 62% of informants admit to knowing the principle of ta’awun awun while 38% of people said they did not understand the principle of ta’awun. 23%, namely 25% of people understand the principle of ta’awun, while 75% of other people do not understand the principle of ta’awun, this percentage explains that the informant is still in doubt about taking Islamic insurance.
Keywords: Ta’awun Principle, Sharia Insurance, Interest, Online Motorcycle Taxi
Analysis of Understanding ….. 1389 INTRODUCTION
Online transportation is a service offered by a private company that provides transportation services that are accessed through an application. The application is an application that can be downloaded for free on Android devices as well as iOS devices. The application is a technology-based application that requires internet access in order to run it.
In an online transportation application, there are many features that can be adjusted according to consumer needs, including motorbike transportation, car transportation, inter- city courier services, and even food delivery. This convenience coupled with the many attractive promos offered by companies and collaborations with restaurants, will certainly increase consumer interest in using online transportation services (Susanto, 2018).
Based on the results of an Indef survey, gojek is the favorite online motorcycle taxi service for Indonesians. It was recorded that 82% of respondents used the go-jek service, 57.3% of the respondents used the online ojek service from Grab, then 19.60% of the respondents used the online ojek service from Maxim and 4.90% used the online ojek service from InDrive (Sadya, 2022).
With the increase in online motorcycle taxi users, the profession of online motorcycle taxi drivers has also increased. Working as an online motorcycle taxi driver can be categorized as a freelance job in the sense that it is not tied to a time or institution (Halilintarsyah, 2021). Being an online motorcycle taxi driver is not a job, but a mutually beneficial partnership, the legal relationship between application provider companies (online motorcycle taxi companies) called drivers as service providers for passengers (consumers) is a partnership relationship because there is no element of wages and orders. , so it is not a working relationship. Where the relationship between the application provider and the driver is based on a partnership agreement, namely the general form of a legal relationship between one party and another party on the basis of a partnership relationship or partnership agreement (Artha & Priyanto, 2019). Apart from that, the job risk that will be felt by online motorcycle taxi drivers is quite large with uncertain income. With this fact, online motorcycle taxi drivers should have alternative protection if there is a riskwork that has the potential to endanger his health and safety such as sharia insurance.
Insurance is an agreement whereby the insurer binds himself to the insured by receiving a premium to provide reimbursement to him due to loss, damage or loss of
Analysis of Understanding ….. 1390 expected profits as a result of an event (uncertain event). Insurance is divided into 2, namely conventionalg insurance and sharia insurance. Sharia insurance is a non-bank financial instrument that is used as a medium for the public to anticipate risks that may occur in the future (Mapuna, 2019).
Sharia insurance is mutual protection and mutual help which is known as ta’awun, namely the principle of life that protects and helps each other on the basis of Islamic ukhuwah between fellow members of Islamic insurance in dealing with uncertain things that are detrimental. The low level of public knowledge and interest in using sharia insurance products is due to the lack of public understanding of sharia insurance products and their mechanisms (Khumaini & Husein, 2020).
This online motorcycle taxi provides benefits for service users (consumers), drivers and also management companies. This can be seen by the increasing interest in becoming an online motorcycle taxi driver. Until now, the exact number of online motorcycle taxi drivers in Indonesia is not known, because the company does not want to provide information regarding the number of drivers covered (Kamilya et al., 2021).
Based on the results of the researchers’ interview with one of the online motorcycle taxi drivers, information was obtained that several online motorcycle taxi companies facilitated their drivers with insurance policies.However, researchers found thatmany online motorcycle taxi drivers decide not to use insurance facilities due to additional costs that will be charged to online motorcycle taxi drivers and online motorcycle taxi drivers feel that the risk of an accident they will experience is still classified as an accident at a small cost so online motorcycle taxi drivers choose not to use insurance, this is allegedly due to the lack of knowledge of online motorcycle taxi drivers about the important role and function of Islamic insurance in providing protection and risk protection.
The low awareness of online motorcycle taxi drivers and the lack of seriousness of online motorcycle taxi companies in protecting the self-protection of their partners causes online motorcycle taxi drivers to deal with the risks they face such as accidents, of course this is suspected because there are still many online motorcycle taxi drivers who do not understand how to process claims in the event of a risk. The author also finds that online motorcycle taxi drivers assume that insurance has complicated procedures.
Analysis of Understanding ….. 1391 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Insurance has been stipulated in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 40 of 2014 concerning insurance. Insurance is an agreement between two parties between the insured (policy holder) and the insurer (insurance company), in which an insurer accompanies himself to the insured, by receiving a premium to provide reimbursement to the insured or the policy holder as a result of a loss, damage, costs incurred, which may occurs due to or unspecified events. Insurance is divided into two, namely conventional insurance and sharia insurance.
Insurance can also be interpreted as a financial mechanism that provides individuals and organizations with protection against potential financial losses, from unexpected events. Over time, insurance has become part of modern society. They have various forms of insurance coverage. But there are still many misunderstandings about insurance and how it works. Public opinion about insurance varies widely, depending on a number of factors, including cultural and socioeconomic factors, personal experience with insurance and perceptions of the insurance industry (Princess et al., 2023).
Islamic Insurance or what is known as sharia insurance is a non-bank financial instrument that is used as a medium for the public to anticipate risks that might occur in the future (Rahadiani et al, 2023). Based on the DSN MUI Fatwa number 21 of 2002, it is an effort to protect and help each other among a number of people/parties through investment in the form of assets and/or Tabarru’ which provides a pattern of return to face certain risks through a sharia-compliant contract (agreement). What is meant by contracts that are in accordance with sharia principles are those that do not contain gharar (fraud), maysir (gambling), usury, zhulm (persecution), riswah (bribery), illicit goods and immorality (Rahma & Sindi, 2022).
The difference between sharia insurance and conventional insurance can be seen from the contract. Sharia insurance uses a mutual help contract while conventional insurance uses a sale and purchase agreement. In sharia insurance, the ownership of funds is jointly owned so that if one participant experiences a disaster, the other participants will help through a pool of funds. Meanwhile, conventional insurance companies manage and determine customer funds originating from premium payments.
Analysis of Understanding ….. 1392 In Arabic the word Ta’awun comes from ta’awana-yata’awanu ta’awunan which means helping each other, mutual cooperation and helping each other in terms of kindness and piety to Allah SWT, not helping each other regarding deeds. sin. In Islamic law it is stated that insurance is a transaction between two people which creates an obligation to pay contributions to one party and the other party is obliged to provide full guarantees to the person paying the contributions. In sharia insurance, this is an effort to help each other between one party and another (Azizah et al., 2022)
Ta’awun is linguistically interpreted as helping each other in virtue. Ta’awun is an attitude of mutual help to help others. Islam teaches ta’awun in surah Al-Maidah verse 2 and Al-Muj is verse 9 which means “.... and help you in (doing) virtue and piety, and do not help each other in committing sins and transgressions, be pious to Allah, verily His punishment is very severe” (Al-Maidah verse 2). The purpose of insurance companies is more towards helping each other (ta’awun) and mutual guarantees (tadhamun) rather than just seeking profit from the participants alone. the concept of ta’awun and tadhamun is the basic concept of sharia insurance (Afandi, 2022).
With the principle of ta’awun implemented by Islamic insurance institutions with the aim of helping each other among participants of Islamic insurance, there is a sense of empathy and a desire to help each other if any of the participants suffers a disaster or difficulty according to Sharia must be assisted. With the principle of ta’awun, sharia insurance can develop and make people interested in becoming participants in sharia insurance (Susanto, 2018).
Mowen (2009) says that consumer behavior is the study of units and decision- making processes involved in receiving, using and determining goods, services and ideas.
This definition uses the term decision-making units because decisions can be made by individuals or groups. Consumer loyalty is a measure of the company’s achievement in providing quality goods needed by buyers (Aslami & Sakinah, 2021).
According to Crow and Crow quoted from Fachrina and Yusrizal (2023) interest is something related to the driving force that drives us to tend or feel attracted to people, objects of activity or it can be an effective experience stimulated by the activity itself.
Purchase decisions are actions from consumers to want to buy or not to the product (Fachrina & Yusrizal, 2023). Of the various factors that influence consumers, they always
Analysis of Understanding ….. 1393 consider quality, price, and products that are well known to the public before consumers decide to buy (Harahap et al., 2023).
Buying interest is obtained from a learning process and a thought process that forms a perception. This buying interest creates a motivation that continues to be recorded in his mind and becomes a very strong desire in the end when a consumer has to fulfill his needs, he will actualize what is in his mind (Herman, 2023).
RESEARCH METHOD
The research method used in this paper is a qualitative method. This type of research is descriptive so that it is presented in narrative form without any element of statistical data processing (Abdussamad, HZ, & SIK, 2021). The data collection method is by interview which is the primary data and literature study related to references and literature related to the research title.
Data processing techniques from the results of interviews were carried out using analytical techniques of Miles & Huberman (1994) which consists of three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions.
Figure 1
Miles And Hubermen Data Analysis Model
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Understanding of Online Ojek Drivers Regarding Ta’awun Principles
Human efforts and efforts to avoid risks are carried out by delegating them to other parties, so the most appropriate choice is found in an institution called insurance, both sharia insurance and conventional insurance. The need for insurance services is now increasingly being felt, both by individuals and the business world (MA Nasution, 2019).
Analysis of Understanding ….. 1394 According to the Insurance Law number 40 of 2014 article 1 (Conventional) Insurance is an agreement between two parties, namely the insurance company and the policy holder which forms the basis for receiving premiums by the insurance company as a way to provide reimbursement to the insured or the policy holder due to loss, damage, expenses arising, loss of profits, or legal liability to third parties that may be suffered by the insured or policyholder due to the occurrence of an uncertain event, in addition to providing guarantees for providing payments based on the death of the insured or payments based on the life of the insured with benefits the amount has been determined and/or based on the results of fund management (Guntara, 2016).
The National Sharia Council of the Indonesian Ulema Council, in fatwa No. 21 of 2001 concerning general guidelines for sharia insurance, defines insurance as an effort to protect and help each other between a number of people or parties through investment in the form of assets and or tabarru’ which provides a return pattern for dealing with risks which provides a return pattern for facing certain risks through a contract or Sharia- compliant engagement. The essence of sharia insurance is a form of shared responsibility and mutual cooperation to protect each other’s suffering.(Suma, KMA, SH, M., Amin, IQI,
& AAAIK, 2021). Therefore, insurance according to sharia law is permissible because the basic principle of sharia is to bring together all parties who have an influence on objections to human relations, which can alleviate disasters or problems encountered. The legal basis for sharia insurance is the Qur’an which means:
“….. And help you in (doing) virtue and piety, and do not help each other in sin and enmity. Fear Allah, indeed, Allah is very severe in punishment (Al Maidah Verse 2).
The verse above explains the necessity of mankind to help each other, one of the principles of sharia insurance is that it is appropriate to train the willingness of insurance company customers to set aside their money. In language, ta’awun is interpreted as helping each other for good.
The concept of ta’awun in the language of ta’awun means helping each other, implies that human beings help each other in terms of good and ta’awun is not allowed for evil. Islam teaches fellow human beings to help each other (Ali & Haryadi, 2022).
Sharia insurance is an Islamic economic system that is universal and applies to all groups of people, both Muslim and non-Muslim communities. One of the principles
Analysis of Understanding ….. 1395 developed by sharia insurance is the principle of mutual help, that is, each policyholder is obliged to provide donations for the purposes of mutual assistance funds as well as funds for the development of community development activities and all participants besides receiving personal benefits also benefit together. Fuaduha (2019) states mutual assistance is one of the principles of sharia insurance which is carried out by each person issuing a benevolent fund (tabarru’) which is used to bear the risk.
Figure 2
Understanding of Online Motorcycle Taxi Drivers on the Principle of Ta'awun
Based on the results of interviews with informants, namely Online Ojek Drivers in Medan City, showed that 29% of informants understood and knew the ta’awun principle in sharia insurance, 14% of informants said they had heard but did not know clearly about the ta’awun principle, the remaining 57 % of informants admitted that they did not understand the principle of ta’awun knowing sharia insurance companies. The results of these interviews show that there are still many people who do not understand Islamic insurance and the principles it applies, so this causes many people to think that Islamic insurance and conventional insurance are the same. This shows that there is still a lack of public literacy regarding Islamic insurance which causes respondents to reject Islamic insurance.
Understand [PERCENTAGE]
Don't Understand [PERCENTAGE]
Doubtful/ Maybe [PERCENTAGE]
UNDERSTANDING OF ONLINE MOTORCYCLE TAXI DRIVERS ON THE PRINCIPLE OF TA'AWUN
Analysis of Understanding ….. 1396 Interest of Online Ojek Drivers in Medan City for Sharia Insurance
Interest is the most important thing so that someone feels interested in joining as an insurance participant. Pleasure without coercion from other people will also be a benchmark for decisions in using certain services or products (Irdayanti & Syahriza, 2022).
Interest is a preference and a sense of interest in something or activity, without being told.
Interest is basically the acceptance of a relationship between oneself and something outside oneself. The stronger or closer the relationship, the greater the interest (Soraya, 2015).
Insurance awareness is a reflection of people’s views on the benefits of insurance protection. People who have a high view of the benefits of insurance will tend to use insurance as a medium to minimize their financial risks in the future, whereas for people who do not have a high view of insurance, they may focus on a problem that arises in insurance, whether in the form of premium costs. expensive and also because of their limited knowledge (Siregar & Lubis, 2023).
A person’s interest in joining Islamic insurance is influenced by many things.
According to Albana & Nurdany (2022) found that a person’s interest in joining insurance is influenced by individual awareness of insurance, knowledge of Islamic insurance and exposure to the Islamic insurance industry itself. Khomeini & Husein (2020) argue the factors that affect the public’s interest in sharia insurance are income, product, location, service and promotion. It also includes religious stimuli which are factors of knowledge and experience of diversity that encourage someone to choose sharia insurance. Another factor that drives someone interested in becoming a customer is reputation. In addition to reputation, another factor that encourages someone to become a customer is protection as a cover if he or she no longer generates income as usual, such as illness, retirement, death and permanent disability. The last factor is investment, besides wanting to get funds when sick participants also want to get other benefits, namely getting money from each premium paid monthly.
If it is related to the interest of an online motorcycle taxi driver in using sharia insurance, of course it is very related, especially because the job of an online motorcycle taxi driver is a risky job. The work risk of online motorcycle taxi drivers is that when they want to deliver goods orders or take visitors to complete orders, of course they don’t know the time and weather conditions. Many drivers continue to complete orders to catch up on
Analysis of Understanding ….. 1397 targets and points provided by online transportation companies. Not to mention the matter of traffic accidents either caused by other people who harm online motorcycle taxis or the negligence of online motorcycle taxi drivers in driving.
Figure 3
Interest in Insurance Products
The results of interviews with informants, namely online motorcycle taxi drivers in Medan City, showed that 43% of the informants were interested in taking sharia insurance, 67% of them understood the principle of ta’awun, while 33% of the other people did not understand the principle of ta’awun, and 34% of the informants were not interested in taking insurance, conventional and sharia insurance as much as 62% of the informants said they knew the principle of ta’awun while 38% of other people said they did not understand the principle of ta’awun. This answer shows that almost half of the informants stated that they were interested in taking Islamic insurance after being given a little explanation regarding the principle of ta’awun and the importance of Islamic insurance for self- protection of online motorcycle taxi drivers. Some of them say they are not interested because it is not an urgent need, they feel that the risk tends to be small. as well as other reasons. 23%, i.e. 25% of them understand the principle of ta’awun while 75% of other people do not understand the principle of ta’awun, stating that they are still in doubt about taking Islamic insurance. This is because some informants think that Islamic insurance is a secondary need that is not too important and assume that the administration of becoming an insurance participant is quite difficult and complicated.
Yes [PERCENT
AGE]
No [PERCENT
AGE]
Doubful/
Maybe [PERCENT
AGE]
Interest in Insurance
Products
Analysis of Understanding ….. 1398 The Effect of Understanding the Principles of Ta’awun on Interests in Becoming Sharia Insurance Participants in Online Ojek Drivers in Medan
The community still thinks that income has an effect if the community joins as participants (SA Nasution & Aslami, 2022). In fact, the sharia insurance system has the principle of helping each other, from this principle it can be said that sharia insurance is a long-term savings for the future. By becoming an insurance participant, online motorcycle taxi drivers will be guaranteed in the future according to the insurance function.
The purpose of takaful business is to help each other (ta’awwun) and provide mutual guarantees (tadhamun) (Afandi, 2022) not for the benefit of the participants only.
When using tabarru’, takaful companies aim to apply ta’awwun and tadamun rather than just seeking profit from participants. This is in accordance with the ideas and objectives of social insurance, namely mutual cooperation and cooperation between community members who are experiencing a crisis that the disaster recipients cannot bear alone. The idea and concept of true insurance is to create a joint financial fund to help people in need based on mutual cooperation and mutual guarantees, not just dealing with personal or corporate interests (Hasan, 2014).
The ta’awun principle applied by sharia insurance institutions is to help each other among sharia insurance participants and a sense of empathy and a desire to help each other arises when one of the participants experiences a disaster or difficulty that needs help (Rolianah, 2020). With the principle of ta’awun, sharia insurance can move forward and attract public interest to participate in sharia insurance. This is an example that the system and principles used are in accordance with sharia principles. The principle of ta’awun is a very noble principle, the essence of which is mutual cooperation in the sense of goodness.
This principle distinguishes between conventional insurance institutions and sharia insurance companies. Therefore, the ta’awun principle must exist and be associated with Islamic insurance. Although the absence of this principle in sharia insurance does not affect the cancellation of the agreed contract between the insurance company and the participants, this is an example of insurance that does not reflect Islamic values and does not differentiate between traditional insurance and sharia insurance.
Ta’awun is one of the common interests as participants in Islamic insurance.
However, the non-implementation of the ta’awun principle in the implementation of sharia
Analysis of Understanding ….. 1399 insurance does not result in the termination of the contract between the sharia insurance and the participants of the sharia insurance. Regarding the implementation of sharia insurance, the principle of ta’awun is just a needle that serves as a guide to attract public interest. So, if the principle of ta’awun cannot be implemented properly, then there will be no legal consequences that arise in the agreement made by the Islamic insurance company with the Islamic insurance participants.
The principle of ta’awun is a principle that prioritizes kindness and mutual assistance. If the public, especially online motorcycle taxi drivers, are given more education and socialization about sharia insurance with the ta’awun principle, of course there will be an increase in the level of interest of online motorcycle taxi drivers to become sharia insurance customers. This element of mutual assistance will provide protection for online motorcycle taxi drivers from the work risks they face every day, especially since there are a large majority of Muslims in Indonesia and does not rule out the possibility that online motorcycle taxi drivers, who are predominantly Muslim, will be relevant if they become customers of sharia insurance.
CONCLUSION
The results showed that as many as 29% of the informants understood and knew the ta’awun principle in sharia insurance. 14% of informants admitted that they had heard but did not know clearly about the principle of ta’awun, the remaining 57% of informants admitted that they did not understand the principle of ta’awun in sharia insurance companies. If it is related to the interest of an online motorcycle taxi driver in using sharia insurance, of course it is very related, especially because the job of an online motorcycle taxi driver is a risky job. 43% of informants are interested in taking Islamic insurance, 67%
of them understand the principle of ta’awun, while 33% of other people do not understand the principle of ta’awun, 34% of the informants were not interested in taking conventional insurance or sharia insurance as much as 62% of the informants said they knew the ta’awun principle while 38% of the other people said they did not understand the ta’awun principle.
This percentage shows that almost half of the informants stated that they were interested in taking Islamic insurance after being given a little explanation regarding the principle of ta’awun and the importance of Islamic insurance for self-protection of online motorcycle
Analysis of Understanding ….. 1400 taxi drivers. Some of them said they were not interested because it was not an urgent need, felt that the risk tended to be small, and other reasons. 23%, i.e. 25% of them understand the principle of ta’awun, while 75% of other people do not understand the principle of ta’awun, stating that they are still in doubt about taking Islamic insurance. This is because some informants think that Islamic insurance is a secondary need that is not too important and assume that the administration of becoming an insurance participant is quite difficult and very complicated. This element of mutual help will provide protection for online motorcycle taxi drivers from the work risks they face every day, especially since there are a large majority of Muslims in Indonesia.
Based on this, it can be concluded that online motorcycle taxi drivers need more education and socialization regarding sharia insurance with the ta’awun principle of the importance of insurance in protecting and protecting themselves. So it is hoped that online motorcycle taxi companies will provide facilities and require online motorcycle taxi drivers to become insurance participants, either in the form of life insurance or accident insurance, this is done to ensure that all online motorcycle taxi drivers have protection to protect themselves.
REFERENCES
Abdussamad, H. Z., & SIK, M. S. (2021). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif. CV. Syakir Media Press.
Afandi. (2022). Prinsip Ta’awun Dan Implementasinya Di Lembaga Asuransi Syariah.
Madani Syari’ah, 5(2).
Albanna, H., & Nurdany, A. (2022). Faktor-faktor yang Memengaruhi Masyarakat Muslim untuk Mengadopsi Asuransi Syariah di Indonesia. Etihad: Journal of Islamic Banking and Finance, 2(2), 87–98. https://doi.org/10.21154/etihad.v2i2.3968 Ali, H., & Haryadi, Y. (2022). Solusi Sosial Rakyat Miskin: Tabarru, Wakaf dan Taawun.
Jurnal Ilmu Multidisplin, 1(1), 74–82. https://doi.org/10.38035/jim.v1i1
Artha, I. B. G. A., & Priyanto, I. M. D. (2019). Analisis Pemberhentian Kontrak Kerja Kemitraan PT. Go-jek Dengan Driver Go-jek. Jurnal Kertha Negara, 8(1), 1–15.
Aslami, N., & Sakinah. (2021). Peranan Strategi Pemasaran Produk Fulnadi Dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Penjualan Pada Asuransi Takaful Keluarga Palembang. Jurnal VISA:
Journal Of Visions and Ideas, 1(2), 101–112. https://doi.org/47467/visa.v1i2.783 Azizah, D. H., Awalia, R., & Yazid, M. (2022). Implementasi Prinsip Ta’awun Pada
Lembaga Asuransi Syariah. Jurnal Muslimpreneur, 2(2), 66–84.
Analysis of Understanding ….. 1401 Fachrina, R., & Yusrizal. (2023). Analisis Minat Konsumen Terhadap Produk Prucinta PT
Prudential Syariah Cabang Binjai. El-Mal: Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi & Bisnis Islam, 4(2), 548558. https://doi.org/1047467/elmal.v4i2.1455
Fuaduha, N. (2019). Prinsip At-Ta’awun dalam Asuransi Syariah di Indonesia. Universitas Jember.
Guntara, D. (2016). Asuransi dan ketentuan-ketentuan hukum yang mengaturnya. Justisi:
Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 1(1), 29–46. https://doi.org/10.36805/jjih.v1i1.79
Halilintarsyah, O. (2021). Ojek Online, Pekerja atau Mitra? Jurnal Persaingan Usaha, 2(2), 64–74.
Harahap, K., Imsar, & Hasibuan, R. R. A. (2023). Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Keputusan Nasabah Dalam Membeli Polis Asuransi Pada AJB Bumi Putera 1912 Cabang Medan. JIKEM; Jurnal Ilmu Komputer, Ekonpmi, dan Manajemen, 3(1), 258–284.
Hasan, N. I. (2014). Pengantar Perbankan. Jakarta: Gaung Persada Press Group.
Hermawan, E. (2023). Literatur Review Perilaku Konsumen: Loyalitas Pelanggan, Pembelian Ulang dan Minat Beli. JGIA: Jurnal Greenation Ilmu Akutansi, 1 1), 2023. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.38035/jgja.v1i1
Irdayanti, N., & Syahriza, R. (2022). Manajemen Marketing Asuransi Syariah Untuk Meningkatkan Minat Masyarakat Pada PT Prudential Komplek Merbau Mas. Jurnal Manajemen Akuntansi (JUMSI), 2(2), 248–253. https://doi.org/10.36987/jumsi Kamilya, L. A., Deny, H. M., & Lestyanto, D. (2021). Studi Literatur: Mengemudi Agresif.
Jurnal Riset Kesehatan Poltekkes Depkes Bandung, Vol 13(No 1), 319–330.
https://doi.org/10.34011/juriskesbdg.v13i2.1855
Khumaini, S., & Husein, M. T. (2020). Persepsi Dan Minat Masyarkat Terhadap Asuransi Syariah Di Kabupaten Tangerang. JESI (Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Indonesia), 9(2), 86–93. https://doi.org/10.21927/jesi.2019.9(2).86-93
Mapuna, H. D. (2019). Asuransi Jiwa Syariah; Konsep dan Sistem Operasionalnya. Al- Risalah, 19(1), 159–166.
Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). An expanded sourcebook: Qualitative data analysis (11 ed.). Sage Publications.
Nasution, M. A. (2019). Pengaruh Produk, Promosi, dan Pelayanan Terhadap Kepuasan Nasabah Menggunakan Produk Asuransi Takaful Dana Pendidikan (Studi Kasus Pada PT. Asuransi Takaful Keluarga di Medan. Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara.
Nasution, S. A., & Aslami, N. (2022). Analisa Peningkatan Minat terhadap Produk Asuransi Syariah. El-Mal: Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi & Bisnis Islam, 3(2), 254–262.
https://doi.org/10.47467/elmal.v3i2.768
Analysis of Understanding ….. 1402 Putri, E. P., Arbitera, C., Maliangkay, K. S., Listiani, R., Rosmayani, P. A., Pebriyanti, A.,
Choirunnisa, A., Nuragustin, E., Dewi, K. R., Salsabila, N., Septina, Z., Zhafarin, B.
S., Erinaputri, N., & Adristi, K. (2023). Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Persepsi Masyarakat Terhadap Penggunaan Asuransi: Literatur Review. Jurnal Kesehatan Tambusai, 4(1), 161–167.
Rahma, T. I. F., & Sindi. (2022). Analisis Persepsi Masyarakat Terhadap Produk Prucinta di PT Prudential Asuransi Cabang Binjai. Jurnal Ekonomi Manajemen Akutansi dan Keuangan, 3(2), 667–674. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.53696/emak.v3i2 Rolianah, W. S. (2020). Analisis Tabarru Dan Klaim Peserta Pada Asuransi Syariah Di
Indonesia. Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE), 2(2), 103–113.
Sadya, S. (2022). Survei Indef: Gojek Pimpin Pasara Ojek Online di Indonesia.
https://dataindonesia.id/varia/detail/survei-indef-gojek-pimpin-pasar-ojek-online-di- indonesia
Siregar, I. K., & Lubis, F. A. (2023). Analisis Kesadaran Masyarakat Kota Binjai tentang Pentingnya Asuransi di PT Prudential Syariah Binjai. As-Syirkah: Islamic Economic
& Financial Journal, 2(1), 46–55. https://doi.org/10.56672/assyirkah.v2i1.32 Soraya, I. (2015). Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Minat Masyarakat Jakarta dalam
Mengakses Fortal Media Jakarta Smart City. Komunikasi: Jurnal Komunikasi, 6(1), 10–23. https://doi.org/10.31294/jkom.v6i1.2458
Suma, K. M. A., SH, M., Amin, I. Q. I., & AAAIK, A. (2021). Asuransi Syariah di Indonesia: Telaah Teologis, Historis, Sosiologis, Yuridis dan Futurologis. Amzah (Bumi Aksara).
Susanto, N. (2018). Analisis Perilaku Konsumsi Jasa Layanan Transportasi Online (Studi pada mahasiswa Universitas Brawijaya yang pernah menggunakan jasa layanan transportasi online yaitu diantaranya Grab, Uber dan Gojek. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa FEB Universitas Brawijaya, 6(2), 2–14.
