624
An Analyze Working Morale of Occupation Interest in Teaching Profession
(Descriptive Anlytical Study of Teachers SDN Bukit Raya Pekanbaru)
Raja arlizon Zulfan saam, Donal
Bimbingan dan Konseling FKIP Universitas Riau [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The background of the problem in this study are as follows: a) How is the morale and interest in the profession Teacher, b) How is the interest in the position of teachers and teachers' morale based on gender in the profession, c) Is there a difference morale and interest in the position of men to women, d) Is there a difference morale and interest in the position of civil servants and non-civil, e) How much the relationship and the contribution of interest in teaching profession on morale. This study used a quantitative approach to the correlation method and comparative. Population in this study was teachersans used total sampling. Data analysis techniques used SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solution) for windows release 16.0. The findings and the following results: a) Overview morale and interest in the teaching profession was very good category and good, b) Overview interest in the position of teachers based on male was fair category and female good category, c) Overview morale of teachers by male was good category and female very good category, d) There are differences in teachers' morale and interest in the position based on the gender, e) There are differences in teachers' morale and interest in the position based on the employment status of state civil servants and non-civil servants, f) There is a relationship and influence significant interest in the teaching profession with the morale of teachers.
Keywords: Morale, Interest Occupation
Introduction
Educational role has a very big role in efforts to improve the quality of human resources.
Through education, human personality nurtured, and also improved the dignity, and moral value. Talking about education, the role of an educator is very important. Qualified educators will certainly create a good education . An educator is required to increase knowledge and skills to good education.
Teachers as one of the determining factors in
the achievement of educational goals and improve the quality of education in schools.
Teachers also as facilitators which lead to the creation of conducive conditions for students besides the main task as a teacher. A teacher need a morale in carrying out their work. One of the problems that often arise in the world of education in this era is still the low motivation of teacher work. Based on explanation above, improving the quality of teachers' teaching has become an important issue to be addressed in
625 this study, in order to motivate hard work, and
also to improve individual performance and school performance, indirectly will affect the quality improvement of graduates.
According to Slameto (2003: 54-55) there are two factors related to achievement in work, namely internal factors and external factors.
Internal factors include three factors: physical, psychological and fatigue. the most important factor is psychological factors. Psychological factors are usually manifested through intelligence, attention, interest, talent, motivation, maturity, and readiness. Interest factor and motivation is a very important role in determining the lost morale of teacher work.Based on the explanation above that interest is very decisive in teacher morale.
teacher is one of the important components in teaching and learning activities that take place in an educational goals.
Therefore, teachers should have the high quality and professional abilities. Beside the intelligence possessed by the teacher, a sense of fun and attention is also required to become a teacher, because without any fun and attention all of activities will be less effective and efficient. And also in a profession that has been selected to be a teacher. A person's pleasure for a particular profession will generate interest. Interest in the Profession of teachers is the concentration of thoughts, feelings, desire or attention to teacher profession. Teacher Profession is an internal factor that encourage and influence the behavior of someone who feel interested and want to realize the desire to be a teacher.
Based on the explanation above, it concluded that interest in teachersprofession it will spend time, energy, thought money to meet or realize his/her dream of becoming a teacher.
The problem was how moralework in running the Profession as a teacher, especially teachers who are in SDN Bukit Raya Pekanbaru. This
study important because the interest is strong factor in determining the morale of teachers.
The background of the problem in this research is as follows: a) How to describe the morale, b) How to describe the interest of Teacher's professional position, c) How is the interest of teacher based on gender Profession, d) based on gender, e) Is there a difference morale work based on gender, f) Is there a difference in the interest of male position with female to the profession of teachers, g) Is there any difference in morale of civil servant and non- Civil servant, h) Is there any difference of interest of civil servant and non- civil servant position to teacher profession, i) how big relation of interest of teacher profession in job morale, ) How much contribution of teacher profession in the morale wok of the Teachers at SDN Bukit Raya Pekanbaru. Morale work is: Doing the job more actively, so that the work will be expected faster and better and the deep pleasure of the work done (Alex S.
Nitisemito, 1992.p 160).
Indicators of morale work According to Alex.
S. Nitisemito include: 1. Decrease or low productivity of work 2. Increased or high level of absenteeism 3.High levels of labor migration 4.High level of damage 5.Anxiety everywhere 6.Demands which often happens 7. Strikes (Alex S. Nitisemito, 1992. p 161).There are several factors that affect the morale, among others, proposed by Buchari Zainun namely: 1. Harmonious relationship between the leadership and subordinates, especially between the job leaders who daily directly related and dealing with the workers below. 2. The satisfaction of the officers to their work. 3. There is a friendly atmosphere and working climate with other members of the organization, especially with those who are working day-to-day . 4. The sense of usefulness for the achievement of organizational goals that are their common
626 goals must be realized together also. 5. The
existence of an adequate level of economic satisfaction as a reward that is felt fair to the effort that has been given to the organization.
6. The existence of peace of mind, assurance of certainty and protection of everything that will endanger personal and career in the work.
According to Wibowo (1988: 19) Interest is a tendency that leads to a certain object or work expressed in various activities that attract and satisfy themselves. Mahmud (1990: 163) said strong interest generates brilliant achievements in situations that underlie a person's attitude to the situation. From the above theory, someone interested to the teacherprofession then the morale in matters relating to teacher's work and do the best thing. Thus if a person has an interest in the teacher profession, then the person do anything related to the teacher's activities, In conclusion that interest in the teacher professionit will spend time, energy, thought and even money to meet or realize their dream to become a teacher.
According to Saladin (1990: 61), the factors that influence the interest in two parts, namely: 1. Interest in the carriage, the interest that is not influenced by other factors, both needs and environment. This interest arises based on the existing talent. 2. Interest arises because of the influence from outside. This interest may change because of the effects of the environment and needs. Another opinion also suggests that factors that affect interest or underlay the incidence include: 1. The factor from within, which came from within the individual that encourages active concentration and mental involvement. 2. The factor of social needs for themselves. 3. An emotional factor is a factor of feeling
closely related to one's interest in the object (Crow & Crow, 1963).
Based on Nasution's (1996: 56) that interest influences process and outcome, if one is not interested in learning something, it will not expected that they will succeed well in learning it. Conversely, if someone learns with interest, then it will be expected that the results will be better. Interest is one of the things that determine the success of a person in all areas, both in studies, work and other activities. Similarly, the academic achievement of a student is also determined by the interest oftheir studies. In his research of the students in Francisco, Henry Clay Lingren in Lobby (1994: 62) concluded that one of the reasons of teachers was not in the morale work due to lack of interest. And among the few successes, lack of interest occupied the highest percentage.
Research conducted by Maristiana Ayu, 2007 there is relationship between working motivation variable with morale calculated with correlation coefficient is 0.781, employee placement relationship with morale work is 0.867. theoretically, because the correlation between employee placement with greater work morale, employee placement variables more influence on morale than with other variables.
Methodology
This research used quantitative approach with correlation and comparative method.
population in this study was the teachers of SDN in Bukit Raya Pekanbaru and this research used Total Sampling.
Table. 1 Population and Sample
No school civil Non-civil TTL
L P L P
1 SDN 29 PKU 0 14 2 6 22
2 SDN 48 PKU 1 11 1 8 21
3 SDN 66 PKU 1 16 2 4 23
627
4 SDN 67 PKU 1 14 0 3 18
5 SDN 141 PKU 0 15 1 4 19
Total 3 68 6 25 103
The data collected by using a closed questionnaire / questionnaire developed for each research variable. Data analysis techniques used SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solution) program for windows release 16.0.
Result and Discussion
To know the level of morale work of teachers SDN Bukit Raya can be seen in table 2 below.
Table 2. Teacher morale work level at SDN Bukit Raya Pekanbaru
Category Score F %
Very Good 101- 125 0 0
Good 76 – 100 71 68,93
Fair 51 – 75 32 31,07
Poor 26 – 50 0 0
Very Poor 0 – 25 0 0
103 100
Based on the table 2 it can be concluded that the level of morale work of teachers SDN Bukit Raya Pekanbaruwas very good category with a percentage of 46.6% or as many as 48 teachers who are in good morale work teachers of 103 teachers. Furthermore, as many as 34.9% wasgood category or as many as 36 teacherslevel at SDN Sekecamatan Bukit Raya Pekanbaru. Based on the analysis results it is known that the Interval level of the Teacher profession was 24, with very good categorization, good, poor and very poor. In general was description of the interest of the teacher profession SDN hillway as follows:
Table 3.Level Interest of the teacher profession SDN Bukit Raya
Category Score F %
Very Good 96 – 120 0 0
Good 71 – 95 65 63,1
Fair 49 – 70 38 36,9
Poor 25 – 48 0 0
Very Poor 0 – 24 0 0
Total 103 100
Based on the table 2 above concluded that the level of interest in the teacher profession at SDN Bukit Rayawas good category with the percentage of 63.1% or as many as 65 teachers who are in the interest wasgoodprofession Teacher of 103 teachers.
Furthermore, as many as 36.9% was fair category or as many as 38 teachers of the level of interest in the teacher profession at SDN Bukit Raya.
To know the level of interest the teacher profession based on the gender at SDN Bukit Raya can be seen in table 4 below.
Table 4. The level interest of teacher profession based on gender at SDN Bukit Raya
Category Score Male Female
F % F %
Very Good
96 – 120 0 0 0 0
Good 71 – 95 2 22,2 63 67 Fair 49 – 70 7 77,8 31 33
Poor 25 – 48 0 0 0 0
Very Poor
0 – 24 0 0 0 0
Total 9 100 94 100
Based on thet able 4 above concluded that the level of interest in the profession of teachers at SDN Bukit Raya for malewas fair category with percentage of 77.8% or as many as 7 teachers who are in the position of interest
628 Teacher profession wasgood from 9 teachers.
Furthermore, the level of interest in the profession of teachers SDN Bukit Raya for female as much as 67% wasgood category or as many as 63 teachers level of interest in the profession of teachers SDN Bukit Raya.
To determine the level of teacher work based on gender at SDN Bukit Raya can be seen in table 5 below.
Table 5.levelmorale work teacher based on gender SDN Bukit Raya Pekanbaru
Category Score Male Female
F % F %
Very Good
101- 125 0 0 1 1,05
Good 76 – 100 2 25 69 72,6
3
Fair 51 – 75 6 75 26 27,3
7
Poor 26 – 50 0 0 0 0
Very Poor
0 – 25 0 0 0 0
8 10
0
95 100
Based on the table 5 above it can be concluded that in general the level of morale work based on male at SDN Bukit Raya Pekanbaru was fair category with percentage of 75% or as many as 6 teachers who was fairmorale work of 9 teachers. Furthermore, teacher morale work based on female as much as 72,63% wasgood category or as many as 69 teachers level of teacher morale work at SDN Bukit Raya Pekanbaru.
To find out the difference Teacher moralat SDN Bukit Raya Pekanbaru based on gender can be seen in table 6 below.
Table 6. Differences the Teacher morale at SDN Bukit Raya Pekanbaru based on gender
Gender N Mean Std.
Deviation
Morale 1 8 73.5000 5.68205
2 95 81.3684 8.00937
Based on the table 6 above can be concluded that the average for male 73.50 and female 81.36. For more clearly Differences The Teacher morale at SDN bukitraya Pekanbaru viewed from the gender in tebel 7 follows:
Table 7.The differences of teacher morale at SDN Bukit Raya based on gender.
Levene's Test for Equality of Variances
t-test for Equality of Means
F Sig. t Df Sig.
(2- taile d)
Mea n Diff eren ce
Std.
Erro r Diff eren ce
95% Confidence Interval of the
Difference
Lower Upper
1.79 8
.183 -
2.71 6
101 .008 -
7.86 842
2.89 736
- 13.6160 1
-2.12083
- 3.62 5
9.51 9
.005 -
7.86 842
2.17 048
- 12.7379 1
-2.99894
Equ al vari ance s not assu med
- 3.62 5
9.51 9
.005 -
7.86 842
2.17048
Based on the results of the analysis obtained coefficient t arithmetic of -3.625 with coefficient p-value .005 less than 0.05 and was stated there is a significant difference in the morale of teacher work based on gender at SDN Bukit Raya Pekanbaru. To know the difference of interest to teacher profession at SDN Bukit Raya can be seen in table 8 below.
Table 8.The Differences in the interest of teaching profession at SDN Bukit Raya.
Gen der
N M ea n
Std.
Deviat ion
Std.
Error Mean Teachin 1 9 66 6.153 2.051
629 g
professi on interest
.8 9 2 9
4 73
.0 1
6.879 .710
Based on the table 8 above can be concluded that the average for each group of the teacher profession at SDN Bukit Raya Pekanbaru viewed from male 66.89 and female 73.01.For more clear Differences in the interest of the teacher profession at SDN Bukit Raya based on gender in the following 9table:
Table 9.The Differences in the interest of teaching profession at SDN Bukit Raya.
Levene's Test for Equality of Variances
t-test for Equality of Means
F Si
g.
t df Si
g.
(2 - tai le d)
Me an Dif fere nce
Std.
Err or Dif fere nce
95%
Confidence Interval of the
Difference Lowe
r Up per M
in at P ro fe si G ur u
Equal varian ces assum ed
.3 40
.5 61
- 2.
57 1
10 1
.0 12
- 6.1 22
2.3 81
- 10.84 5
- 1.3 98
Equal varian ces not assum ed
- 2.
82 1
10 .0 17
.0 18
- 6.1 22
2.1 70
- 10.95 6
- 1.2 87
Based on the results of the analysis obtained coefficient t arithmetic of -2.571 with coefficient p-value 0.012 less than 0.05 then it is stated there was a significant difference of interest in the profession of teachers SDN Bukit Raya Pekanbaru.
To know the differences of Teachermoraleat SDN Bukit Raya Pekanbaru based on civil and non-civil servant can be seen in table 10 below.
Table 10.The Differenceof teacher morale at SDN Bukit Raya Pekanbaru based on civil servants and non-civil servant.
Civil and non- civil
N Mea n
Std.
Deviati on
Std.
Error Mean
Morale 1 73 82.4
658
8.05206 .94242
2 30 76.6
000
6.72925 1.2285 9
Based on the results of data analysis in table 9 above can be concluded that the average for each group of morale teacher at SDN Bukit Raya Pekanbaru reviewed from civil servants 82.46 and non-civil servants 76.60. For more clearly Differences of teacher morale at SDN bukit raya viewed from civil servants and non-civil servants in tebel 11 follows:
Table 11.The Differences of teacher morale at SDN Bukit Raya Pekanbaruwas observed from civil servants and non-civil servants.
Levene's Test for Equality of
Variances
t-test for Equality of Means
F Si
g.
T df Si
g.
(2- tai led )
M ea n Di ffe re nc e
St d.
Er ror Di ffe re nc e
95% Confidence Interval of the
Difference Lowe
r Upper
Sem anga tKer ja
Equal varianc es assume d
2.
52 6
.1 15
3.
51 5
10 1
.0 01
5.
86 57 5
1.
66 89 2
2.555 06
9.1764 5
Equal varianc es not assume d
3.
78 8
64 .2 14
.0 00
5.
86 57 5
1.
54 84 1
2.772 64
8.9588 7
Based on the results of the analysis obtained coefficient t arithmetic of 3788 with the coefficient p-value 0.000 less than 0.05 then stated there was a significant difference in the teacher morale at SDN bukitraru Pekanbaru reviewed from civil servants and non-civil servants.
To know the difference of interest to the profession of teachers SDN Bukit Raya
630 reviewed from civil servants and non-civil
servants can be seen in table 12 below.
Table 12. Differences in the interest of the position of the teaching profession SDN Bukit Raya viewed from civil servants and non-civil servants.
Civil and non- civil
N Mea n
Std.
Deviati on
Std.
Error Mean
Teachi ng profes sion interes t
1 7
2 73.5
1
6.107 .720
2 3
1 70.0
6
8.378 1.505
Based on the results of data analysis in table 7 above can be concluded that the average for each group of teachers profession at SDN Bukit Raya Pekanbaru viewed from civil servants 73.51 and Non-civil 70.06.For more clearly Differences interest in teaching profession SDN Bukit Raya reviewed from civil servants and non-civil servants in tebel 13 follows:
Table 13. Differences in the interest of the teacher profession SDN Bukit Raya viewed from civil servants and non-civil servants.
Levene's Test for Equality of Variances
t-test for Equality of Means
F Si
g.
t df Si
g.
(2 - tai le d)
Me an Diff ere nce
Std.
Err or Diff ere nce
95%
Confidence Interval of the
Difference Lowe
r Up per Minat
Profe si Guru
Equal varianc es assume d
5.
35 6
.0 23
2.
34 0
10 1
.0 21
3.4 49
1.4 74
.526 6.3 73
Equal varianc es not assume d
2.
06 8
44 .3 16
.0 45
3.4 49
1.6 68
.088 6.8 10
Based on the results of the analysis obtained coefficient t arithmetic of 2340 with the coefficient p-value 0.021 less than 0.05 then it
is stated there was a significant difference of the profession of teachers SDN Bukit Raya Pekanbaru reviewed from civil servants and non-civil servants.
To know the relation of job interest to the profession of teachers with the teacher morale at SDN Bukit Raya Pekanbaru can be seen in table 14 below.
Table 14. Relationship of interest to theteachersprofession with the teacher morale SDN Bukit Raya Pekanbaru.
morale Profession interest morale Pearson
Correlation
1 .481**
Sig. (2- tailed)
.000
N 103 103
Profession interest
Pearson Correlation
.481** 1
Sig. (2- tailed)
.000
N 103 103
Based on the table above column R shows the magnitude of Pearson Correlation of 0.481 with the coefficient p-value 0.000 less than 0.05. it can be concluded that there was a significant relationship of teacher profession and their morale work. To determine the effect of the teacher profession on academic achievement at SDN bukit raya can be seen in table 15 below.
Table 15.The effect of teacher profession in teacher morale work at SDN Bukit Raya Pekanbaru.
Mo del
R R
Square
Adjusted R Square
Std. Error of the Estimate
1 .481a .232 .224 5.44404
Based on table 14 above column R shows the magnitude of correlation coefficient was
631 0.481.and R Square column was coefficient of
determination was 0.232. from Adjusted R Square (.224) pools in table 14 used to give meaning that interest of teacher profession has an effect on teacher work morale of 22,4%.
Table 15.The Influence of Teacher Profession Interest to Master Teacher Spirituality at SDN Bukit Raya Pekanbaru.
Model Sum of Squares
df Mean Square
F Sig.
Regressio n
902.815 1 902.81 5
30.4 62
.000a
Residual 2993.399 101 29.638 Total 3896.214 102
Based on the above table by looking at the coefficient of p-value less than 0.05, so it can be used to predict. This test result has meaning that interest of teacher profession influence to teacher morale.
Table 16.The Influence of Teacher Profession Interest to Teacher morale at SDN Bukit Raya Pekanbaru.
Model Unstanda
rdized Coefficie
nts
Standa rdized Coeffic ients
t Sig.
B Std . Err
or Beta
1 (Constant) 44 .2 97
5.3 93
8.21 4
.000
MinatProfes i Guru
.3 67
.06 6
.481 5.51 9
.000
Based on Table 16 above, the t pool on teacher's professional interest is 5,519 with the sig value. 0.000 (meaning the value of sig
<0,05) hence can be concluded existence of influence of job interest to morale. So the regression equation as follows:
Ỹ = a + b1X1
= 44.297 + 0.367X1
Based on the linear regression equation and means, it can be used to predict that this regression means if the interest of teacher profession increases one unit then the morale will also increase by 44.297 at 0.367 constant.
Based on the results of the above analysis it can be concluded in general that the interest of the teacher profession and the morale of the teachers at SDN Bukit Raya Pekanbaru was good and very good category. The results of this study prove both the interest of the position of the professions of female and male teachers, so from the morale of worker of gender both very good. Furthermore, teachers' interest in teacher morale is in line with Nasution's (1996: 56) opinion that interest influences process and outcome, if one is not interested in learning something, it can not be expected that he will succeed in learning.
Conversely, if someone learns with interest, then it can be expected that the results will be better.
The results of Shannon's research Cecilia Y.
Assagaf and Lucky O.H. Dotulong analysis that simultaneously independent variables (discipline, motivation and morale) has a significant influence on the dependent variable (work productivity). This provides evidence that interest contributes to one's work morale.
Interest is one of the things that determine the success of a person in all areas, both in studies, work and other activities. Similarly, the morale of a teacher's work is also determined by the interests of their studies. In his research of the teachers in Francisco Henry Clay Lingren in Lobby (1994: 62) concluded that one of the reasons the teacher was unsuccessful in his study was due to lack of interest. And among the few successes, lack of interest occupied the highest
632 percentage. Attendance, et al., (In Sartini
Nuryoto 1998) who examined the difference in morale between teachers and students at FPIPS-IKIP Yogyakarta showed that the average teacher gains were significantly lower than female students.
Work environment, work discipline, motivation to work together and its impact simultaneously have a positive and significant influence on the performance of civil servants of Madiun Regency DPRD research conducted (Heny Sidanti 2015).
Arwani and Ashari 2015 Motivation and leadership results have a positive and significant effect on employee morale is acceptable. This is in line with the results of this research that interest in the position will encourage a person's spirit in working in their respective schools. Conversely, if a person is not interested to do something then his spirit is also reduced.
On the other hand Brotokiswojo (in Sartini Nuryoto 1998) also showed that teacher work morale is lower than student. Brotokiswojo who examines the academic ability of teachers who take Pancasila courses shows that the average score of Pancasila courses obtained by female students was significantly greater than the value obtained by teachers for the same subject.
Conclusion
Based on the findings and discussion of the research conclude: a) The picture of the teacher morale at SDN Bukit Raya Pekanbaruwas very goodcategory, b) The description of the interest of the position of the teacher Profession SDN Bukit Raya Pekanbaruwas good category , c) The interest of the teacher position based on male was fair category and women was good category, d) the teacher job morale based on male was fair
category and women was good category e) differences in teacher morale based on men with women. In this case the women better than men, f) Therewas a difference in job interest based on gender. From the results of this study proves that the higher the average interest of female positions when compared with men, g) Therewas a difference in teacher morale based on the status of the work of civil and non-civil. The result of research was higher the average worker morale of civil servants than non civil servants, h) There was a difference in job interest based on the status of workcivil and non-civil. The result of research was higher the average interest of civil servant position from the interest of Noncivil, i) There was a significant relation of job interest to teacher profession. j) There was a significant influence of teacher profession interest on the teacher morale at SDN Bukit Raya Pekanbaru.
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