NAMA : ANDRE SETIAWAN NIM : 2341046
MATKUL : BAHASA INGGRIS 1 PERTEMUAN : RANGKUMAN 14-15
SENTENCES: ELEMENTS, VARIETIES, PATTERNS
• WHAT IS SENTENCE? Sentence is a group of words that represents a whole idea or complete thought. A sentence should give enough information to inform complete idea of the message that is being communicated to others.
Two main parts of a sentence are subjectand Predicate. The subject specifies who or what the sentence is about, while the predicate describes what the subject does or is.
SENTENCE ELEMENTS
• Subject Every sentence must have a subject. It can be a simple subject (noun or pronoun) or a complete subject (simple subject + its modifier) that tells who or what the sentence is about.
• Predicate Every sentence must have a predicate. It can be a simple predicate (verb or verb phrase) or a complete predicate (verb or verb phrase + its modifier, object, and complements) that tells what the subject is doing or what is being done to the subject. Object (optional): The recipient of the action or the entity affected by the verb. Complements (optional): Words that renames or describes the subject. It could be noun, pronoun, or adjective. (e.g., The cat is fluffy.) Modifiers (optional):
Words or phrases that provide further details about other elements in the sentence.
• Statements A statement makes an assertion and ends with a period. Laws require truth in advertising.
• Interrogative It is used for asking for information. It is followed by a question mark. How many e- mail messages do you receive each day?
• Imperative Sentence An imperative sentence, also known as a command, leaves the subject implicit and focuses on the action (and the recipient thereof, if there is one). Imperative sentences are useful for persuasion and exhortation; manifestos and political propaganda make generous use of this type of sentence.
• SENTENCE TYPES
• Simple sentences A simple sentence is the most basic type of sentence. This kind of sentence consists of just one independent clause, which means it communicates a complete thought and contains a subject and a verb. Example: How are you?
• Complex sentences In contrast to a simple sentence, a complex sentence contains one
independent clause and at least one dependent clause. While an independent clause can be its own
sentence, a dependent clause can’t. Dependent clauses rely on the independent clauses in their sentences to provide context. Example: Before you enter my house, take off your shoes.
• Compound sentences Compound sentences are sentences that contain two or more independent clauses. In a compound sentence, the clauses are generally separated by either a comma paired with a coordinating conjunction or a semicolon. In some cases, they can be separated by a colon.
Example: I was thirsty, so I drank water.
• Compound-complex sentences When a sentence has two or more independent clauses and at least one dependent clause, that sentence is a compound-complex sentence. These are long sentences that communicate a significant amount of information. The clauses don’t need to be in any specific order; as long as you’ve got at least two independent clauses and at least one dependent clause, you’ve got a compound-complex sentence. Example: I needed a new computer, so I got a laptop because they’re portable
• SENTENCE FAULTS Fragment
A sentence fragment is an incomplete sentence. If a sentence is missing a subject or a predicate or does not express complete thought, it is called “fragment”.You can fix fragments by joining them to complete sentences or adding appropriate subjects and verbs. When you use a dependent word, take care that you complete the thought in the same sentence. Otherwise, a fragment may result. A word group that begins with dependent words cannot stand alone; another idea is needed Example:
Run everyday with friends. (no subject) We run everyday with friends.
• Comma Splice A comma splice results when two sentences or independent clauses are incorrectly joined or spliced together with a comma. Remember that commas alone cannot join two
independent clauses. Comma splices can usually be repaired by adding a conjunction (and, but, so), or separating into two sentences using period/semicolon.
• Run-On Sentence A run-on sentence joins two independent clauses withoutproper punctuation or conjunction. Run-on sentences can usually be repaired by separating into two sentences using period/semicolon or adding a comma and a conjunction (and, but, so).
• Agreement Error A sentence where its subject and verb do not match. E.g.: Anya arepreparing the grand opening of her new beauty salon.
• PASSIVE VOICE Active Voice: The subject performs the action. The doctor checks the patient.
Passive Voice:
The subject receives the action.
The patient is checked by the doctor
