Biodiversitas

Comparative analysis of the reproductive ecology of Monotropa and Monotropsis: Two mycoheterotrophic genera in the Monotropoideae (Ericaceae). A four-point necrosis index (Brooks 2004) was used to assess the severity of the disease in the acacia hosts of the parasitic algae.

the occurrence sites are shown in Table 1. Figure 2. Monotropa uniflora plants observed in Jorepokhari, Darjeeling District, West Bengal, India

Short Communication

Traditional dye yielding plants of Tripura, Northeast India

Caulis et cortex maximus fons speciei Melastoma malabathricum Linn., Phyllanthus emblica Linn. Flores colores includunt Bauhinia variegata Linn., Bauhinia purpurea Linn., Butea monosperma, Celosia argentea Linn., Clitoria ternatea Linn., Hibiscus rosa sinensis Linn., Erythrina stricta Roxb., Nyctanthes argentes ar.

Figure 1. Study site in the State of Tripura, India

Genetic diversity of Rana (Pelophylax) ridibunda and Bufo (Pseudepidalea) viridis in different populations

The studied populations of these species were separated from each other on the PCA and PCO plots (Figures 2 and 3) and the UPGMA tree (Figure 4). RAPD genetic analysis showed that molecular variation exists between different populations of these species in Arak province because these samples clustered separately.

Table 1. Sampled populations from different locations of Arak province .

Genetic diversity of patchouli cultivated in Bali as detected using ISSR and RAPD markers

The aim of this study is to assess the genetic diversity of patchouli grown in Bali using PCR-RAPD and PCR-ISSR. Dendrogram of Bali-grown patchouli and three premium patchouli cultivars based on PCR-ISSR and PCR-RAPD analyses.

Figure 1. Study sites of sampling collection in Bali Island ( ). Patchouli leaves were collected from 1

Population genetic structure in medicinal plant Lallemantia iberica (Lamiaceae)

The population assignment test also revealed a degree of gene flow or shared ancestral alleles between the populations studied. However, population assignment and Nm estimation indicated a degree of gene flow between the studied populations.

Table 1. Populations studied, their locality and ecological features.

Within and among-genetic variation in Asian flax Linum austriacum (Linaceae) in response to latitude changes: Cytogenetic and molecular

Jaccard's similarity index and Nei's genetic distance (Freeland et al. 2011), were determined between plants and used for genotype clustering. NOORMOHAMMADI et al.–Genetic diversity of chromosomes and micronuclei Linum austriacum 147 formed in several cases.

Table 2. Genetic diversity parameters in populations studied

Felids of Sebangau: Camera trapping to estimate activity patterns and population abundance in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

Location of the Natural Laboratory for the Study of Peat Swamp Forests (NLPSF) in Sebangau Tropical Peat Swamp Forest and Borneo. Home range use and activity patterns of red langurs in the tropical peat forest and swamp of Sabangau, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia.

Figure 1. Location of the Natural Laboratory for the Study of Peat-Swamp Forest (NLPSF) within Sebangau tropical peat-swamp forest and Borneo

The nutritional quality of captive sambar deer (Rusa unicolor brookei Hose, 1893) velvet antler

SEMIADI & JAMAL–The nutritional quality of captive sambar deer 157 the information regarding the quality of the velvet antlers of. A similar system should also be developed for the velvet antlers of sambar deer.

Table 1. Fresh sambar deer velvet antler dimension used in the study.

Structure of natural Juniperus excelsa stands in Northwest of Iran

The species importance value (SIV) of different tree species in natural juniper stands is shown in Table 2. Effects of saplings and geographic direction on the survival and growth of Juniperus excelsa seedlings in Hezarmasjed forests.

Figure 1. Study site in in the Ardebil Province in the northwest of Iran

Phylogeny analysis of Colutea L. (Fabaceae) from Iran based on ITS sequence data

A preliminary phylogenetic study of the subgenus Pogonophaca (Astragalus) in China based on ITS sequence data. Molecular systematics of the Old World Astragalus (Fabaceae) as inferred from nrDNA ITS sequence data.

Table 2. List of non-Iranian taxa with GenBank accession number used in our analysis.

Study of the digestive tract of a rare species of Iranian blind cave fish (Iranocypris typhlops)

Investigation of the digestive tract of a rare species of Iranian blind cavefish (Iranocypris typhlops). Squamous cells of serous membrane surround the esophagus (Figure 5). The cells located on the basement membrane of the esophagus contain a number of cylindrical cells with oval nuclei. EBRAHEMI – The digestive tract of a rare species of Iranocypris typhlops 177 The ratio between the total length of the intestine and body length varies.

Iranocypris typhlops n.g., n.sp., the first true cavefish from Asia., Danish scientific studies in Iran.

Figure 2. Moth and Barbels position in cave fish, (ventral view), oc (oral cavity), ul (upper lip, ll (lower lip), b 1-4 (barbells)

Bayesian and Multivariate Analyses of combined molecular and morphological data in Linum austriacum (Linaceae) populations

Evidence for infraspecific taxonomic groups

PCA analysis of morphological characteristics showed that the first three PCA components accounted for approximately 73% of the total variability of the studied populations. The almost complete separation of the studied population indicated the genetic and morphological differentiation of these populations. In addition, some morphological characters such as basal leaf length, basal leaf width, and basal leaf length-to-width ratio were related to latitude and altitude.

However, the Mantel test did not show significant correlation between morphological and genetic distance of the studied populations.

Figure 1. Distribution map of the studied populations in north- north-west Iran.

Impact of Gujjar Rehabilitation Programme on the group size of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in Rajaji National Park, North-West India

This study illustrates the impact of GRP on elephant group size in the Chilla and Haridwar forests of RNP. The dominant vegetation in this area includes Sal (Shorea robusta), Kamala (Mallotus philippensis), Cutch (Acacia catechu), Kadam (Adina cordifolia), Bahera (Terminalia bellirica), Indian banayan (Ficus benghalensis) and Indian rosewood (Dalbergia sissoo). However, they noticed that the elephant's frequent movement towards the Ganges was affected by the presence of the Chilla power channel.

JOSHI–Effects of Gujjars Rehabilitation on Elephants in Rajaja, North West India 195 to the RNP administration to issue a permit for.

Figure 1. Location map of the Rajaji National Park, Uttarakhand, north-west India

Diversity of butterflies in four different forest types in Mount Slamet, Central Java, Indonesia

Of the 99 butterfly species found on the southern slope of Mount Slamet, 32 species (30%) were forest-specific (Houlihan et al. A high proportion of nymphalid species indicates a high host plant richness in the study area (Majumder et al. 2013) Butterfly species restricted to undisturbed forests often have narrower geographic ranges than species found in disturbed habitats (Posa et al. 2008).

Almost all Pierid species found at Mount Slamet were also found at other sites in the Indo-Malayan region, such as Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand and the Philippines (Matsumoto et al. 2015).

Figure 1. Location of Baturaden Forest, southern slope of Mount Slamet, indicating the sampling sites.

Recovery of plant diversity and soil nutrients during stand development in subtropical forests of Mizoram, Northeast India

The flower is creamy white; dorsal sepal and petals similar, triangular about 2 mm long and 1.5 mm wide; Lateral sepals are elliptic-ovate, 2 mm long and 1.5 mm wide; labellum elongate, about 3 mm long and 2 mm wide. They reflex towards the leg; lateral sepals are lanceolate, up to 2 cm long and 7 mm wide; labellum: three-lobed, about 1.9 cm long and 1.2 cm wide (when flattened), lateral lobes rounded, semicircular with middle lobe, three ridges extending along labellum (Figure 2.R, S). Each inflorescence can bear up to 30 blooms; the flower is yellow; Dorsal and lateral sepals linear-lanceolate tapering to acute tips, up to 1 cm long and 2 mm wide; petals lanceolate up to 7 mm long and 3 mm wide; labellum elongate, 4 mm long and 1.5 mm wide, three ridges running its length (Figure 2.AC, AD).

The anther cap is dark red; The dorsal sepal is elliptic-oblong, up to 6 cm long and 3.5 mm wide;.

Figure 1. Map of Mizoram, India showing the study area

Taxonomy and distribution of species of the genus Acanthus

Acanthaceae) in mangroves of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India

Between 2009 and 2013, a qualitative survey was conducted randomly at 51 locations in 8 ANI forest divisions to record species occurrence in ANI mangroves (Figure 1). This assumes that the only features of the observed specimen used to identify the species as A. volubilis were the spineless leaves and stem. volubilis from Middle Andaman, while Dagar et al. 1991) reported this from Baratang Island. It has been reported that 62–70% of the mangrove forests in the Nicobar Islands were destroyed due to submergence of coastal land by approximately 1 m following the severe earthquake that occurred on 26 December 2004 (Ramachandran et al.

Rapid assessment on impact of tsunami on mangrove vegetation of Great Nicobar Island.

Figure 1. Map showing surveyed sites in the ANI. South Andaman: 1. Chidiyatapu, 2

Isolation and characterization of a molybdenum-reducing and SDS- degrading Klebsiella oxytoca strain Aft-7 and its bioremediation

MASDOR et al.–Potential bioremediation of Klebsiella oxytoca 239 The adverse effects include disturbance of the. Klebsiella oxytoca strain Dr.Y14 (Halmi et al. 2013) and Klebsiella oxytoca strain hkeem (Lim et al. 2012) were isolated. MASDOR et al.–Potential bioremediation of Klebsiella oxytoca 241 In this work using this bacterium, a fast and simple.

Thus, optimal reduction occurs with a balance between enzyme activity and substrate stability (Shukor et al. 2007).

Figure 1.The structure of SDS (A) and SDBS (B).

Assessment of genetic diversity among soursop (Annona muricata) populations from Java, Indonesia using RAPD markers

Assessment of genetic diversity among sorrel (Annona muricata) populations from Java, Indonesia using RAPD markers. The aim of this research was to determine the genetic diversity of soursop populations in Java (Indonesia) using RAPD markers. SURATMAN et al.-Genetic diversity of sorrel based on RAPD marker 253 Territory Herbarium, Department of Natural Resources, Environment,.

Powell W, Morgante M, Andre C, Hanafey M, Vogel J, Tingey S, Rafalski A. Panagpada ti RFLP, RAPD, AFLP ken SSR. microsatellite) a markador para iti panaganalisar ti germplasm.

Table 1. The location of soursop (Annona muricata L.) populations studied in Java with climatic data for each locality.

Molecular phylogeny inferred from mitochondrial DNA of the grouper Epinephelus spp. in Indonesia collected from local fish market

JEFRI et al. – Molecular phylogeny of Indonesia grouper 255 modern molecular biology has made comparisons possible. The addition of 31 sequences from other countries aimed to strengthen the position of the sequences from Indonesia in the phylogeny tree. A molecular phylogeny of the groupers of the subfamily Epinephelinae (Serranidae) with a revised classification of the Epinephelini.

On the Status of the Serranid Fish Genus Epinephelus: Evidence for Paraphyly Based on 16S rDNA Sequence.

Figure 1. The sampling sites in Indonesia; 1. Lampung, 2. Karimunjawa, 3. Madura, 4. Lombok, 5

Microfungal diversity on leaves of Eusideroxylon zwageri, a threatened plant species in Sarawak, Northern Borneo

The most dominant taxa of microfungi on green leaves and leaf litter of Eusideroxylon zwageri (belian). Diversity indices and similarity index of microfungal communities on green leaves and leaf litter of Eusideroxylon zwageri (belian). Fourteen taxa were commonly identified from green leaves and leaf litter with a Bray-Curtis similarity index of 0.366 (Table 3).

Number of microfungi exclusively observed only on green leaves and leaf litter of Eusideroxylon zwageri (belian).

Figure 1. Most dominant microfungal taxa on both green leaves and leaf litters of Eusideroxylon zwageri (belian)

Leguminicolous fungi associated with some seeds of Sudanese legumes

ABDULWEHAB et al. – Fungi from Sudanese seeds of legumes 271 28ºC ± 2ºC to stimulate their sporulation and were then. The diseases of current economic importance are Fusarium wilt (F. udum) and late blight (P. drechsleri f. sp. cajani) (Marley and Hillocks 1996; Kumar et al. 2010). According to Tarr (1963), many diseases of Dolichos lablab were caused by fungal species such as leaf spot (A. alternata, Cladosporium sp.), wilt (Macrophomina phaseolina, Phyllosticta spp.).

Many fungi were isolated from the seeds of cowpea by several authors, such as Myrothecium leucotrichum, Rhizoctonia solani, Ascochyta sp., Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, C.

Table 2. Incidence percentage (I%), number of cases isolation (NCI, out of 90 samples), and occurrence remarks (OR) of seedborne fungi of leguminous plants

Diversity in antioxidant properties and mineral contents of Allium paradoxum in the Hyrcanian forests, Northern Iran

The stable 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) was used to determine the free radical scavenging activity of the extracts (Yamaguchi et al. The reducing power of the extracts was determined according to the method of Yen and Chen (1995). ) (Nabavi et al. 2008). The absorbance of the reaction mixture was measured at 415 nm with a two-beam spectrophotometer (Perkins Elmer AAS 100). The calibration curve was prepared by preparing quercetin solutions at concentrations from 12.5 to 100 mg mL-1 in methanol.

KHODADADI fi kkf–Amaloota Antioksidaantii fi Albuuda Allium paradoxum 287 Moore J, Liu JG, Zhou K, Liangli Y.

Genetic and morphological diversity in Cousinia cylindracea (Asteraceae) populations: Identification of gene pools

The analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was performed to show significant morphological difference among the studied populations. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to identify the most variable morphological characters among the studied populations. The Mantel test was performed to check the relationship between geographic distance and genetic distance of the studied populations (Podani 2000).

Moreover, the low value of Nm (0.40) obtained for the studied populations showed a low value of gene flow.

Threats and conservation of Paris polyphylla an endangered, highly exploited medicinal plant in the Indian Himalayan Region

Rhizome of the species is also used against uterine contractile effects (Tian et al. 1986; Zhou 1991). Rhizomes of the species are also eaten fresh while ripe fruits (Figure 2 A, B) are sometimes eaten. Grazing is also one of the factors for loss of habitat/population of the species.

PAUL et al.–Paris polyphylla of the Indian Himalayan region 301 and spared their valuable times for corrections and.