By Natasya Edith

(1)

OF COVID-19, CASE STUDY: 3 BRANCHES OF ASTON HOTELS IN DKI JAKARTA

By Natasya Edith

1-1603-021

BACHELOR’S DEGREE in

BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION – HOTEL AND TOURISM MANAGEMENT Concentration

FACULTY BUSINESS AND COMMUNICATION

SWISS GERMAN UNIVERSITY The Prominence Tower

Jalan Jalur Sutera Barat No. 15, Alam Sutera Tangerang, Banten 15143 - Indonesia

July 2020

Revision after Thesis Defense on 14

^th

of July 2020

(2)

Natasya Edith

STATEMENT BY THE AUTHOR

I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and to the best of my knowledge, it contains no material previously published or written by another person, nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma at any educational institution, except where due acknowledgement is made in the thesis.

Natasya Edith

_____________________________________________

Student

Date

Approved by:

Yudhistira Pratama, MBA

_____________________________________________

Thesis Advisor

^Date

Dr. Nila K. Hidayat SE., MM

_____________________________________________

Dean

Date

(3)

Natasya Edith

ABSTRACT

THE INFLUENCE OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP AND JOB SECURITY TOWARDS EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION DURING CRISIS TIME OF

COVID-19,CASE STUDY: 3 BRANCHES OF ASTON HOTELS IN DKI JAKARTA

By

Natasya Edith

Yudhistira Pratama, MBA, Advisor

SWISS GERMAN UNIVERSITY

On January of 2020, COVID-19, a pandemic virus started in Wuhan, China, and in no time spread across the globe causing health, economic and immense sufferings to mankind. Needless to say, hospitality industry is not spared when countries started closing their borders and airlines stop flying. Hotels in Indonesia are highly affected by the low occupancy rate, job losses and ancillary business shutdowns hurting employment and employees’ social well-beings. Naturally, they lack motivation to work, anxious about their future, worry over their sustenance and require clear guidance. Studies have shown transformational leadership and job security are factors that might affect employee’s motivation in an economic downturn. This research aims to analyze how organization’s transformational leadership and job security at 3 branches of Aston Hotel Group in DKI Jakarta influence employee’s motivation during COVID- 19 crisis. The quantitative data has been collected from questionnaires (via Google- Form) from 181 permanent and non-managerial employees who work in Aston Simatupang, Aston Pluit and Aston Kartika Grogol. Multiple linear regression was being used to analyze transformational leadership in four dimensions and job security in six dimensions. The results indicated that both transformational leadership and job security influence employee’s motivation by 79.4% in this COVID-19 crisis at these three branches of Aston Hotel Group in DKI Jakarta.

Keywords: Transformational Leadership, Job Security, Employee Motivation, Crisis, COVID-19, Hospitality Industry

(4)

Natasya Edith

© Copyright 2020

by Natasya Edith

All rights reserved

(5)

Natasya Edith

DEDICATION

I dedicate this bachelor thesis work for my God, my parents and sister for their endless support, to my new phase of life, and to myself as a reminder that nothing great comes

easy.

(6)

Natasya Edith

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

A very big gratitude is firstly expressed to my Savior and God, Jesus Christ, for hope, patient, strength, health, and guidance allowing me to finish this Bachelor thesis. It has been a really tough 5 months to complete this project. I could not have done all this without His endless blessings and grace. Thank you for the intangible support and helping me to overcome any obstacles that come my way during this journey.

Secondly, I would like to express my greatest gratitude to both my parents for their unconditional supports and always be there for me whenever I need them. Thank you for believing in me and encouraging me during my hard times. I am so grateful to have both of you in my life. And to my little sister, Jessica Elisse, thank you for never giving me up and cheering me up during my low times. Thank you for being a good listener and always supporting me even though you are living in another country.

Next, I would like to express my gratitude to my thesis advisor, Sir Yudhistira Pratama for your advice and patiently guiding me during the writing of this thesis. Also to Miss Jane from English Department who gave me grammar correction and vocabularies recommendation.

I would like to thank Mr. Esa Theodore Mbouw, Mr. Robert La Are, Chef Rano Abryanto, and Ms. Gemala Garibaldi for your constructive inputs and advice to make my research possible. Also Ms. Sema Titias for helping me with administration matters throughout my thesis progress.

To my friends; Caroline, Patricia, Sydnie, Prisca, Ellisa, Jason, Matthew, and Billy, thank you for your endless motivation and support not only during the hard times of this thesis writing but also the 4-year journey of my college life. I will always cherish the laughter and memories we shared together.

Last but not least, thank you human resources manager of Aston Hotel Group and

respondents to my thesis. Your participation helped me to complete my thesis work.

(7)

Natasya Edith

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. 1 Indonesia’s COVID-19 Cases ... 13

Figure 1. 2 Occupancy Rate of Star Hotel 2020 vs 2019 ... 14

Figure 1. 3 Factors Affecting Employees Motivation in Hospitality Industry ... 16

Figure 1. 4 Type of Leadership Style ... 18

Figure 2. 1 Framework of Thinking ... 24

Figure 2. 2 Research Model ... 53

Figure 3. 1 The Data Analysis Process ... 80

Figure 3. 2 The Level of Skewness ... 83

Figure 3. 3 Scatterplot Graph of Heteroscedasticity ... 84

Figure 4. 1 Respondents Profile - Aston Hotel Branch ... 96

Figure 4. 2 Respondents Profile - Gender ... 97

Figure 4. 3 Respondents Profile – Age Group ... 98

Figure 4. 4 Respondents Profile – Domicile ... 99

Figure 4. 5 Respondents Profile – Working Department Area ... 100

Figure 4. 6 Respondents Profile - Length of Working ... 101

Figure 4. 7 Data Distribution in P-Plot

... 112

Figure 4. 8 Histogram Graph ………...112

Figure 4. 9 Scatterplot of Heteroscedasticity Test ... 113

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Natasya Edith

LIST OF TABLES

Table 2. 1 Comparison of Transactional and Transformational Leadership ... 29

Table 2. 2 Transforming and Transformational Leadership Differences ... 31

Table 2. 3 Previous Study ... 44

Table 2. 4 Study Differences Table ... 49

Table 3. 1 Total of Permanent Non-Managerial Employee ... 58

Table 3. 2 Time Frame of Study ... 59

Table 3. 3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Qualitative Research ... 61

Table 3. 4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Secondary Data ... 63

Table 3. 5 Questionnaire Structure ... 65

Table 3. 6 Screening Questions ... 66

Table 3. 7 Respondent Profile Questions ... 67

Table 3. 8 Variable Operationalization ... 68

Table 3. 9 Pearson’s r Correlation Coefficient Table ... 78

Table 3. 10 Cronbach’s Alpha Consistency Table ... 79

Table 3. 11 F-Table ... 85

Table 3. 12 T-Table ... 86

Table 3. 13 The Range table of Coefficient Correlation ... 87

Table 4. 1 Validity Pre-Test Results ... 93

Table 4. 2 Reliability Pre-Test Results ... 95

Table 4. 3 Summary of “Aston Hotel Branch” Respondents ... 96

Table 4. 4 Summary of “Domicile” Respondents ... 99

Table 4. 5 Summary of “Working Department Area” Respondents ... 100

Table 4. 6 Summary of “Length of Working” Respondents ... 102

Table 4. 7 Validity Post Test Results ... 103

Table 4. 8 Reliability Post-Test Results ... 104

Table 4. 9 Descriptive Statistic for X1 Transformational Leadership ... 105

Table 4. 10 Descriptive Statistics of Transformational Leadership (X1) ... 106

Table 4. 11 Descriptive Statistic for X2 Job Security ... 107

Table 4. 12 Descriptive Statistics of Job Security Dimension (X2) ... 108

Table 4. 13 Descriptive Statistic for Y Employee Motivation ... 109

Table 4. 14 Normality Test Result using Kolmogorov Smirnov Test ... 111

Table 4. 15 Heteroscedasticity Test using Spearman Rank Correlation Test ... 113

Table 4. 16 Multicollinearity Test Result ... 114

Table 4. 17 Linearity Test Result – Transformational Leadership ... 115

Table 4. 18 Linearity Test Result – Job Security ... 115

Table 4. 19 Model Summary ... 116

Table 4. 20 Multiple Linear Regression Equations Result ... 117

Table 4. 21 F-test Result ... 118

Table 4. 22 T-Test Result ... 119

Table 4. 23 Hypothesis T-Test Result ... 119

Table 4. 24 The Result of Chi-Square of Transformational Leadership ... 120

Table 4. 25 The Result of Chi-Square of Job Security ... 121

By Natasya Edith

OF COVID-19, CASE STUDY: 3 BRANCHES OF ASTON HOTELS IN DKI JAKARTA

By Natasya Edith

1-1603-021

BACHELOR’S DEGREE in

BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION – HOTEL AND TOURISM MANAGEMENT Concentration

FACULTY BUSINESS AND COMMUNICATION

SWISS GERMAN UNIVERSITY The Prominence Tower

Jalan Jalur Sutera Barat No. 15, Alam Sutera Tangerang, Banten 15143 - Indonesia

July 2020

Revision after Thesis Defense on 14

of July 2020

STATEMENT BY THE AUTHOR

Natasya Edith

Student

Approved by:

Yudhistira Pratama, MBA

Thesis Advisor

Dr. Nila K. Hidayat SE., MM

Dean

ABSTRACT

THE INFLUENCE OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP AND JOB SECURITY TOWARDS EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION DURING CRISIS TIME OF

COVID-19,CASE STUDY: 3 BRANCHES OF ASTON HOTELS IN DKI JAKARTA

By

Natasya Edith

Yudhistira Pratama, MBA, Advisor

SWISS GERMAN UNIVERSITY

© Copyright 2020

by Natasya Edith

All rights reserved

DEDICATION

I dedicate this bachelor thesis work for my God, my parents and sister for their endless support, to my new phase of life, and to myself as a reminder that nothing great comes

easy.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Next, I would like to express my gratitude to my thesis advisor, Sir Yudhistira Pratama for your advice and patiently guiding me during the writing of this thesis. Also to Miss Jane from English Department who gave me grammar correction and vocabularies recommendation.

I would like to thank Mr. Esa Theodore Mbouw, Mr. Robert La Are, Chef Rano Abryanto, and Ms. Gemala Garibaldi for your constructive inputs and advice to make my research possible. Also Ms. Sema Titias for helping me with administration matters throughout my thesis progress.

Last but not least, thank you human resources manager of Aston Hotel Group and

respondents to my thesis. Your participation helped me to complete my thesis work.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. 1 Indonesia’s COVID-19 Cases ... 13

Figure 1. 2 Occupancy Rate of Star Hotel 2020 vs 2019 ... 14

Figure 1. 3 Factors Affecting Employees Motivation in Hospitality Industry ... 16

Figure 1. 4 Type of Leadership Style ... 18

Figure 2. 1 Framework of Thinking ... 24

Figure 2. 2 Research Model ... 53

Figure 3. 1 The Data Analysis Process ... 80

Figure 3. 2 The Level of Skewness ... 83

Figure 3. 3 Scatterplot Graph of Heteroscedasticity ... 84

Figure 4. 1 Respondents Profile - Aston Hotel Branch ... 96

Figure 4. 2 Respondents Profile - Gender ... 97

Figure 4. 3 Respondents Profile – Age Group ... 98

Figure 4. 4 Respondents Profile – Domicile ... 99

Figure 4. 5 Respondents Profile – Working Department Area ... 100

Figure 4. 6 Respondents Profile - Length of Working ... 101

Figure 4. 7 Data Distribution in P-Plot

Figure 4. 8 Histogram Graph ………...112

Figure 4. 9 Scatterplot of Heteroscedasticity Test ... 113

LIST OF TABLES