PREFACE
Thank God we pray to the presence of God Almighty because with mercy, grace, Taufik and his guidance was the one we can complete papers Bali to limited knowledge and capabilities.
We sincerely hope that this paper can be useful in order to add insight and knowledge on this trip report. We are also fully aware that in this task there are deficiencies and far from what we expected. To that end, we expect the criticism, suggestions and proposals for improvement i n the future, remember nothing is perfect without the means to build. and with this.
Hopefully this simple paper is understandable for anyone who read it. Had this report ha s been prepared to be useful for our own as well as people who read it. Previously we apologize if there are errors words less pleasing and we invoke criticism and constructive suggestions for i mprovement in the future.
Sitiluhur, 1 September 2022 arranger
CONTENTS
PAGE TITLE ...i
PREFACE ... i i CONTENTS ... iii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background ... 1
B. Purpose Of Writing ... 2
C. Method Of Writing...2
D. Systematics Writing ... 3
CHAPTER II DISCUSSION A. History of Bali ... 4
B. Geographical Location ... 6
C. Ethnicity ... 7
D. Religion ... 7
E. Tourist Destination ... 7
G. Local Traditions ... 10 H. Local Festival ... 10 I. Regional Songs and Language ... 11 J. Traditional Houses, Traditional Clothes, Traditional Dances, And Traditional
Weapons ... ... 12
CHAPTER III CLOSING
A. Conclusions ... 1 4 B. Suggestions ... 1 4 REFERENCE ... 1 5
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. BACKGROUND
Bali (/ˈbɑːli/; Balinese) is a province of Indonesia and the westernmost o f the Lesser Sunda Islands. East of Java and west of Lombok, the province includ es the island of Bali and a few smaller neighbouring islands, notably Nusa Penida, Nusa Lembongan, and Nusa Ceningan. The provincial capital, Denpasar, is the m ost populous city in the Lesser Sunda Islands and the second-largest, after Makass ar, in Eastern Indonesia. The upland town of Ubud in Greater Denpasar is conside red Bali's cultural centre. The province is Indonesia's main tourist destination, wit h a significant rise in tourism since the 1980s. Tourism-related business makes up 80% of its economy.
Bali is the only Hindu-majority province in Indonesia, with 86.9% of the population adhering to Balinese Hinduism. It is renowned for its highly develope d arts, including traditional and modern dance, sculpture, painting, leather, metal working, and music. The Indonesian International Film Festival is held every year in Bali. Other international events held in Bali include the Miss World 2013 and 2 018 Annual Meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank Gr oup. In March 2017, TripAdvisor named Bali as the world's top destination in its Traveller's Choice award, which it also earned in January 2021.
Bali is part of the Coral Triangle, the area with the highest biodiversity o f marine species, especially fish and turtles.. In this area alone, over 500 reef-buil ding coral species can be found. For comparison, this is about seven times as man y as in the entire Caribbean. Bali is the home of the Subak irrigation system, a UN ESCO World Heritage Site. It is also home to a unified confederation of kingdom s composed of 10 traditional royal Balinese houses, each house ruling a specific g eographic area. The confederation is the successor of the Bali Kingdom. The roya l houses are not recognised by the government of Indonesia; however, they origin ated before Dutch colonisation.
Bali (Balinese) is a province in Indonesia whose capital city is Denpasar.
The province of Bali is located in the western part of the Nusa Tenggara Islands.
At the beginning of Indonesia's independence, this island was included in the
Lesser Sunda Province with Singaraja as its capital, and is now divided into 3 provinces, namely Bali, West Nusa Tenggara, and East Nusa Tenggara. In 2020, the population of the province of Bali totaling 4,317,404 people, with a density of 747 people/km2.
Besides consisting of the island of Bali, the province of Bali also consists of smaller islands around it, namely the island of Nusa Penida, the island of Nusa Lembongan, the island of Nusa Ceningan, the island of Serangan, and the island of Menjangan. Geographically, Bali is located between the islands of Java and Lombok. The majority of the Balinese population are Hindus. In the world, Bali is famous as a tourism destination with the uniqueness of various artistic and cultural products, especially for Japanese and Australian tourists. Bali is also known as the Island of the Gods and the Island of a Thousand Temples.
B. PURPOSE OF WRITING
1. Expand Sciences, The Public Insight And Size 2. Getting to know history of Bali
3. Getting to know geographical location 4. Getting to know ethnicity in Bali 5. Getting to know religion in Bali 6. Getting to know tourist destination 7. Getting to know cuisine in Bali 8. Getting to know cultural diversity 9. Getting to know cultural festival in Bali 10. Getting to know regional songs and languages
11. Getting to know traditional houses, traditional clothes, traditional dances, and traditional weapons
C. METHOD OF WRITING
The method used in the execution of this paper are:
1. Methods of Observation 2. Methods Literature
D. SYSTEMATICS WRITING Chapter I Introduction
This chapter contains a description of the problem issues, which consists of: backg round back problems, problem definition, objectives, benefits writing and systemat ics of writing.
Chapter II Discussion
In this chapter we will elaborate on excursions in Bali.
Chapter III Closing
This chapter contains the conclusions, suggestions and attachments that can be dra wn from this paper.
CHAPTER II DISCUSSION
A. HISTORY OF BALI
Bali was inhabited around 2000 BCE by Austronesian people who migrate d originally from the island of Taiwan to Southeast Asia and Oceania through Ma ritime Southeast Asia. Culturally and linguistically, the Balinese are closely relate d to the people of the Indonesian archipelago, Malaysia, the Philippines and Ocea nia. Stone tools dating from this time have been found near the village of Cekik in the island's west.
In ancient Bali, nine Hindu sects existed, namely Pasupata, Bhairawa, Siw a Shidanta, Vaishnava, Bodha, Brahma, Resi, Sora and Ganapatya. Each sect reve red a specific deity as its personal Godhead Inscriptions from 896 and 911 do not mention a king, until 914, when Sri Kesarivarma is mentioned. They also reveal a n independent Bali, with a distinct dialect, where Buddhism and Shaivism were pr actised simultaneously. Mpu Sindok's great-granddaughter, Mahendradatta (Guna priyadharmapatni), married the Bali king Udayana Warmadewa (Dharmodayanav armadeva) around 989, giving birth to Airlangga around 1001. This marriage also brought more Hinduism and Javanese culture to Bali. Princess Sakalendukirana a ppeared in 1098. Suradhipa reigned from 1115 to 1119, and Jayasakti from 1146 until 1150. Jayapangus appears on inscriptions between 1178 and 1181, while Adi kuntiketana and his son Paramesvara in 1204.
Balinese culture was strongly influenced by Indian, Chinese, and particular ly Hindu culture, beginning around the 1st century AD. The name Bali dwipa ("B ali island") has been discovered from various inscriptions, including the Blanjong pillar inscription written by Sri Kesari Warmadewa in 914 AD and mentioning W alidwipa. It was during this time that the people developed their complex irrigatio n system subak to grow rice in wet-field cultivation. Some religious and cultural t raditions still practised today can be traced to this period.
The Hindu Majapahit Empire (1293–1520 AD) on eastern Java founded a Balinese colony in 1343. The uncle of Hayam Wuruk is mentioned in the charters of 1384–86. Mass Javanese immigration to Bali occurred in the next century whe n the Majapahit Empire fell in 1520. Bali's government then became an independ ent collection of Hindu kingdoms which led to a Balinese national identity and m ajor enhancements in culture, arts, and economy. The nation with various kingdo ms became independent for up to 386 years until 1906 when the Dutch subjugated and repulsed the natives for economic control and took it over.
Portuguese contacts
The first known European contact with Bali is thought to have been made in 1512, when a Portuguese expedition led by Antonio Abreu and Francisco Serrão sighte d its northern shores. It was the first expedition of a series of bi-annual fleets to th e Moluccas, that throughout the 16th century usually travelled along the coasts of the Sunda Islands. Bali was also mapped in 1512, in the chart of Francisco Rodrig ues, aboard the expedition. In 1585, a ship foundered off the Bukit Peninsula and left a few Portuguese in the service of Dewa Agung.
The Japanese occupied Bali during World War II and at that time a military officer named I Gusti Ngurah Rai formed a Balinese army of 'freedom fighters'. Following the surrender of Japan in the Pacific in August 1945, the Dutch immediately returned to Indonesia (including Bali) to re-establish colonial rule as before the war. This was opposed by the Balinese resistance forces who at that time used Japanese weapons. On November 20, 1945, the Puputan Margarana battle broke out in Marga village, Tabanan regency, Central Bali. Colonel I Gusti Ngurah Rai, 29, led his troops from eastern Bali to carry out attacks to the death on heavily armed Dutch troops. All members of the Balinese battalion were all killed and made it the last Balinese military resistance.
In 1946, the Dutch made Bali one of the 13 territories of the newly proclaimed State of East Indonesia, namely as one of the rival countries for the Republic of Indonesia which was proclaimed and headed by Sukarno and Hatta.
Bali was then also incorporated into the United States of Indonesia when the Dutch recognized Indonesia's independence on December 29, 1949. In 1950, Bali officially left its union with the Netherlands and legally became a province of the Republic of Indonesia. The eruption of Mount Agung which occurred in 1963,
had shaken the people's economy and caused many Balinese people to transmigrate to various other areas in Indonesia.
In 1965, along with the failed coup by the G30S against the national government in Jakarta, Bali and many other areas, there was a crackdown on members and sympathizers of the Indonesian Communist Party. In Bali, it is estimated that more than 100,000 people were killed or missing. Nevertheless, the events during the early New Order era have not been legally disclosed until now.
Terrorist attacks have occurred on October 12, 2002, in the form of the 2002 Bali Bombings in the tourism area of Kuta Beach, causing as many as 202 people were killed and 209 others injured. The 2005 Bali Bombings also occurred three years later in Kuta and Jimbaran beaches. These incidents received wide international coverage because most of the victims were foreign tourists and caused the Bali tourism industry to face severe challenges in recent years.
B. GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION
The island of Bali lies 3.2 km (2.0 mi) east of Java, and is approximately 8 degrees south of the equator. Geographically, Bali is located at 8°25′23″ South Latitude and 115°14′55″ East Longitude which makes it a tropical climate like other parts of Indonesia.
Bali and Java are separated by the Bali Strait. East to west, the island is ap proximately 153 km (95 mi) wide and spans approximately 112 km (70 mi) north to south; administratively it covers 5,780 km2 (2,230 sq mi), or 5,577 km2 (2,153 sq mi) without Nusa Penida District, which comprises three small islands off the s outheast coast of Bali. Its population density was roughly 747 people/km2 (1,930 people/sq mi) in 2020.
Borderline
North Bali Sea
East Lombok Strait, NTB
South Indian Ocean
West Bali Strait, East Java Province
C. ETHNICITY
The ethnic group of Bali is the The Balinese make up the island in more than 70% of the total people living in Bali. As the main Balinese, they generally refer to them as Balinese Children or Balinese Krama.
D. RELIGION
Based on data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) for the province of Bali in 2021, the population of Bali is 4,317,404 people (2020) with the majority of Balinese ethnicity. Data from the Ministry of Religion records that 86.91% of the people of the province of Bali adhere to Hinduism. Other religions are Islam (10.05%), Protestant (1.56%), Catholicism (0.79%), Buddhism (0.68%), Confucianism (0.01%), and Belief (less than 0 ,01%).
The Balinese people are generally Hindu. While the inhabitants of Java, Sunda, Sasak, Malay, are generally Muslim, and some indigenous Balinese people also embrace Islam. While Christians generally come from residents of East Nusa Tenggara, then Papua, Batak, Minahasa, Chinese. And there is also one village, namely the village of Blimbing Sari in the district of Melaya Jembrana, not far from Gilimanuk Harbor, a Christian village where the residents are Balinese, even the church looks like a temple.
E. TOURIST DESTINATION
Bali is a city that has special places. The following are special places in Yogykarta:
1. Besakih Temple (Pura Besakih)
Besakih Temple (or Pura Besakih locally) is the most sacred Hindu tem ple in Bali. An important place of pilgrimage for devotees, the magnificent te mple sits on the slopes of the volcanic Mount Agung. Split between six terrace d levels, the complex is made up of more than 20 individual temples..
2. Sacred Monkey Forest
Located in Ubud, the Sacred Monkey Forest Sanctuary is a natural fore st where many macaque monkeys swing through the trees and scamper across the ground. There are shaded paths leading around, where you’ll spot an array of tropical fauna and flora.
3. Tanah Lot Temple
A visit to Bali isn’t complete without a water temple trip. Tanah Lot Te mple sits on a craggy rock in the sea. ‘Tanah Lot’ means Land in the Sea in th e local language, and it is an interesting site with waves crashing around it and the deep blues of the ocean stretching far into the distance behind..
4. Nusa Dua
Located in southern Bali, Nusa Dua is a lovely beach resort town with a styli sh and sophisticated vibe. Home to some of the best beaches in Bali, couples can fall under the area’s spell while dining over amazing food and enjoying s ome must-see sites
5. Bratan Lake
Bratan Lake (also known as Danau Baratan) is a picturesque crater lake close to Bedugal in central Bali highlands. The higher altitude means that temperat ures are somewhat lower. It’s a great place to beat the heat and enjoy refreshi ngly cool conditions.
F. CUISINE IN BALI
The province of Bali has a variety of Balinese culinary specialties. Various processed foods, including chicken and pork, dominate the culinary scene in Bali.
Popular Balinese dishes include Ayam betutu and Babi guling.
Ayam betutu
Babi guling
Sambal Matah
Berengkes
Grangasem
Jejeruk
Jukut Urab
Komoh
Lawar
Bubuh
Nasi Tepeng
Penyon
Sate Kablet
Sate Babi Guling
Sate Pusut
Ayam Betutu Babi Guling
Sambal Matah Berengkes
Garang Asem Sate Lilit
Sate Lilit
G. LOCAL TRADITIONAL
Notable local traditions and marketplaces in Bali include:
1.Bali is also famous for its unique and interesting carvings, such as the Balinese Mask. The distinctive and colorful shape of the Balinese mask is one of the typical Balinese souvenirs that tourists are always looking for.Barong Mask and Leak Seram Mask are types of Balinese masks that are very attractive to tourists 2.In contrast to Javanese Udeng, Balinese Udeng has a more striking color, each color has its own meaning. But now Udeng Bali can be used anytime and by anyone, not only during certain ceremonies.
3.When visiting the beach in Bali, of course you often see tourists wearing flower-patterned fabrics with beautiful colors. The cloth is better known as the Balinese beach cloth which has a soft material and feels cold.
H.
LOCAL FESTIVAL IN BALI
Bali is renowned for its diverse and sophisticated art forms, such as paintin g, sculpture, woodcarving, handcrafts, and performing arts. Balinese cuisine is als o distinctive. Balinese percussion orchestra music, known as gamelan, is highly d eveloped and varied. Balinese performing arts often portray stories from Hindu ep ics such as the Ramayana but with heavy Balinese influence. Famous Balinese da nces include pendet, legong, baris, topeng, barong, gong keybar, and kecak (the monkey dance). Bali boasts one of the most diverse and innovative performing art s cultures in the world, with paid performances at thousands of temple festivals, p rivate ceremonies, and public shows.
1. Ogoh-Ogoh (Nyepi Day)
Nyepi Day or Saka New Year is very closely related to the existence of ogoh-ogoh. Ogoh-ogoh is taken from the Balinese language, "ogah-ogah",
Barong Mask Udeng Bali Baliness Fabrics
which means something that is shaken. Ogoh-ogoh is a giant doll that is a manifestation of Bhutakala. In Hindu Dharma teachings, Bhutakala is the undeniable and undeniable power of Bhu or the universe and Kala (time).
2. Kecak Festival Uluwatu
Kecak at Uluwatu Temple Bali, The voices of dozens of Kecak dancers broke the quiet and magical atmosphere around the performance arena. The enthusiasm of the audience when watching this performance was in line with the enthusiasm of dozens of Kecak dancers who sat in a circle in presenting the epic story of the Ramayana, which is an art tradition handed down in Bali since the 1930s.
I. REGIONAL SONGS AND LANGUAGES The regional songs in Bali are:
1. Meong-meong 2. Majangeran 3. Putri Cening Ayu 4. Ratu Anom
5. Dadung dauh
Balinese and Indonesian are the most widely spoken languages in Bali, an d the vast majority of Balinese people are bilingual or trilingual. The most commo n spoken language around the tourist areas is Indonesian, as many people in the to urist sector are not solely Balinese, but migrants from Java, Lombok, Sumatra, an d other parts of Indonesia. The Balinese language is heavily stratified due to the B
alinese caste system.[117] Kawi and Sanskrit are also commonly used by some Hi ndu priests in Bali, as Hindu literature was mostly written in Sanskrit.
English and Chinese are the next most common languages (and the pri mary foreign languages) of many Balinese, owing to the requirements of the touri sm industry, as well as the English-speaking community and huge Chinese-Indon esian population. Other foreign languages, such as Japanese, Korean, French, Rus sian or German are often used in multilingual signs for foreign tourists.
J.
TRADITIONAL HOUSES, TRADITIONAL CLOTHES, TRADITIONAL DANCES, AND TRADITIONAL WEAPONS1.Traditional Houses : Bale Dauh. According to Balinese philosophy, dynamism in life will be achieved if there is a harmonious relationship between the aspects of pawongan, palemahan and parahyangan. For this reason, the construction of a house must include these aspects or what is commonly called Tri Hita Karana. Pawongan are the residents of the house. Palemahan means that there must be a good relationship between the occupants of the house and the environment. In general, traditional Balinese buildings or architecture are always filled with decorations, in the form of carvings, tools and coloring. The decoration contains a certain meaning as an expression of the beauty of the symbols and the delivery of communication. Decorative forms of fauna species also function as ritual symbols displayed in statues.
Bale Dauh
2. Traditional Clothes : Balinese clothing is actually very varied, although at first glance it looks the same. Each region in Bali has its own symbolic and ornamental characteristics, based on activities/ceremonies, gender and age of its users. A person's social and economic status can be known based on the style of clothing and ornaments he wears.
Manwear udeng, white shirts and cloth.
Woman wear payas agung, coils, songket and prada cloth.
Udeng and Payas Agung
3. Traditional Dances : One of the most popular dances for tourists is the Kecak Dance and the Pendet Dance. Around the 1930s, Wayan Limbak worked with German painter Walter Spies to create the Kecak dance based on the Sang Hyang tradition and parts of the Ramayana story. Wayan Limbak popularized this dance while traveling the world with his troupe of Balinese dancers.
Pendet Danceand Kecak Dance
4. Traditional Weapons : One of the weapons used in Bali is Blakas. Blakas is a sharp weapon similar to a butcher knife from Bali, Indonesia which has a rectangular blade with a straight blade
Blakas
CHAPTER III CLOSING
A. CONCLUSIONS
Bali is the only Hindu-majority province in Indonesia, with 86.9% of the popul ation adhering to Balinese Hinduism. It is renowned for its highly developed arts, including traditional and modern dance, sculpture, painting, leather, metalworkin g, and music
Bali is one of the favorite tourist town for vacation and spent the rest of the tim e resting in tourist place. Bali has many good cultures such as traditional food, traditional clothes, regional languages and traditional weapons
B. SUGGESTIONS
We realize that in making this paper were encountered difficulties, therefore w e welcome any suggestions and criticisms so that we can improve this paper. Suc h conclusions and suggestions in the manufacture of this paper. In making this pa per a lot of shortcomings, for the author as a human being apologize for any short comings and oversight. Hopefully this paperbenefit us all.
REFERENCE
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Bali https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bali
https://www.thebrokebackpacker.com/best-places-to-visit-in-bali/
PAPER
SAUDI ARABIA
ةيدوعسلا ةيبرعل ا
Prepared for the assignment of English subjects Tutor : Mrs. Hj. Siti Khotimah, S.Pd
arranged by :
ANISAH FADHILATUN NI’MAH
XII IPS
MADRASAH ALIYAH KHOIRIYAH SITILUHUR GEMBONG PATI
2023/2024
