TABLE OF CONTENT
PAGE ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS iii
LIST OF TABLES iv
LIST OF FIGURES v
Chapter I Introduction 1
A.5 B.13 C.14 D.14 E.14
Chapter II Literature 15
A.16 1. 16 2. 18 3. 19 4. 36 B.38
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Chapter III Research Methods 33
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REFERENCES 41
RESILIENT DISASTER VILLAGE PROGRAMS IN DEALING WITH POTENTIAL DISASTERS IN YOGYAKARTA AND MALAYSIA
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Data on Fire Cases in Yogyakarta City 5
Table 2. Boundaries of Cokrodiningratan 8
Table 3. Observation Guidelines 37
Table 4. Interview Guidelines for a resilient disaster village members 47 Table 5. Interview Guidelines for Cokrokusuman Village Communities 48
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background
Geographically Indonesia is located in the equatorial region with diverse morphology from land to high mountains. Morphological diversity is much influenced by geological factors, especially with the activity of active tectonic plate movements around Indonesian waters including the Eurasian plate, Australia and the Pacific Ocean base plate. The movement of these tectonic plates causes the formation of earthquake pathways, a series of active volcanoes and geological faults which are earthquake-prone zones and landslides.
According to the National Coordinating Board for Disaster Management and Refugee Management (BAKORNAS PBP), in Direction of Urban Disaster Mitigation Policy in Indonesia , seen from the potential of existing disasters Indonesia is a country with hight potential for hazard. Some potential disasters include natural disasters such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, floods, landslides, and others (http://www.hpli.org/bencana.php).
Indonesia is one country that is exposed to the risk of natural disasters. The disaster continues to increase at the same time. Geographically, Indonesia is very prone to natural disasters in the form of earthquakes, floods or tsunamis. The meeting of Eurasian and Indo- Australian plates has the potential to cause tectonic earthquakes, while high rainfall is potentially prone to flooding given the number of rivers in the region (Sudarsono and Wibowo, 2017: 3).
A similar statement was made by Sutopo Purwo Nugroho, as the Head of the Center for Information and Public Relations Data of the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB). He stated that Indonesia was one of the countries most prone to natural disasters
throughout the world. Meanwhile, official data from the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) stated that in 2014 was 1,559 disasters had occurred in Indonesia. Disasters that occur in Indonesia can also be caused by a rapid increase in population growth but are not supported by adequate land conditions, making people have to explore nature excessively to meet their needs. An example is poor land management according to its function (Tjandra, 2017: 9-10).
Concentration of population that occurred on the island of Java also caused the accumulation of the population residing on the island of Java. Population density that occurs causes social problems, namely the appearance of slum areas and densely populated settlements. The two settlements are usually found in cities and large cities whose land area is insufficient to accommodate the population. Thus, residential buildings that are built are not in accordance with the standards of decent housing.
Based on the Regulation of the Minister of Public Housing No. 22/2008 concerning Technical Guidelines for Minimum Service Standards for the Provincial Public Housing Sector, the definition of habitable housing is a house that meets the building safety requirements and the minimum adequacy of the building area and the health of its occupants.
Criteria for livable homes that meet the building safety requirements include: (1) bottom structure / foundation, (2) middle structure / column and logs, and (3) upper structure. Then the criteria for a decent house in terms of health requirements include: (1) lighting, (2) ventilation, (3) sanitation. In addition, appropriate housing also has a comprehensive adequacy minimum criteria, ie 7.2 m2/ person up to 12 m2/ person. The existence of unliveable housing (RTLH) raises problems, especially for residents who occupy the area.
One problem that arises is the vulnerability to disasters, especially the residential area fires.
Urban areas with a large enough developed area are one of the causes of fire. Fires account for 15 percent of the total disasters that occur in Indonesia, especially in urban areas with high residential densities (Nurtanta and Pamungkas, 2016: 198). The city of Yogyakarta is one area that is vulnerable to potential fire disasters. This is because the area of Yogyakarta City is included in the densely populated area. The Yogyakarta City Fire Department said 80 of the Jogja area was prone to fires due to overcrowding. During 2018, up to February there were already nine fires.
According to Rajwan Taufiq as the Head of the Fire Prevention Division of the Yogyakarta City Fire Service, most of the causes of fire are electrical zippers. In 2017 there were 71 fires, while in the previous year there were 65 cases. This means that within one year there has been an increase in the number of fire cases in the city of Yogyakarta. For this reason, the Yogyakarta City Fire Service re-mapped each area most prone to fire. Some indicators of areas considered to be most prone to fire are areas with high population density, access roads that are difficult to pass through fire engines, and riverbanks as reported by wilayah-jogja- http://www.jatengpos.com/ 2018/03/80-wfire-prone-904275).
The Head of Operations and Rescue Section, Mahargyo said that in August 2018 there had been 8 cases of fire in the city of Yogyakarta. This August there have been 8 case of fires. The cause of the fire is open fire, such as cigarette butts that have not died and also the activity of burning trash. The following is a data of fire cases that occurred in Yogyakarta City from January to July 2018:
Table 1. Data on Fire Cases in Yogyakarta City
No. Month Number of Fire Cases
January 6 cases
February 3 cases
March 5 cases
April 5 cases
May 6 cases
June 2 cases
July 12 cases
Total 47cases
Fire that occurred in Yogyakarta City not only caused by an open fire. However, electricity shortages and gas leaks are also a cause of fire. From some of these causes, electrical short circuit or short circuit is the most common cause of fire cases (reported from http://jogja. tribunnews.com/2018/08/29/fin-agustus-47-kasus-kebakaran-terjadi-di- city-yogya).
The condition of settlements in the dense city of Yogyakarta with access to roads that are difficult to pass by 4-wheeled vehicles is also one of the criteria for fire-prone areas.
The number of fire incidents in the city of Yogyakarta has increased from the previous year. The fires that occur are mostly in densely populated areas with access roads that are difficult to pass by 4-wheeled vehicles or riverbanks. The fires that occur are not only caused by open fires, but can also occur due to electrical short circuit and gas cylinder leakage. Sparks will quickly spread and spread from one building to another, because the distance between buildings is very close. As a result, the fire will quickly enlarge and burn other buildings.
Yogyakarta City with a condition of 80 of densely populated areas has the potential to experience a fire disaster. In addition, the city of Yogyakarta is one of the areas traversed by several rivers, namely the Code River, the Gajah Wong River and the Winongo River. It also makes Yogyakarta City an area prone to flooding. Vulnerable areas are riverbanks and slums along riverbanks. Yogyakarta City Government (Pemkot) continues to work on managing slums along the river banks. For this reason, it is hoped that the people along the river banks will avoid the area.
The government has normalized especially those with great potential. However, land ownership on riverbanks is a barrier to normalization. Because, there are some residents on the riverbank who do not want to retreat from the riverbank, which is as far as three meters according to the government. In fact, some of the land belongs to the palace. The arrangement will not be carried out by carrying out evictions of residents who live along the river banks. However, an approach will be made to the community to be able to withdraw from the riverbanks (reported from https://www.republika.co.id/berita/nasional/
daerah/ 18/09/04/peiygr291-kawasan-bantaran-sungai-di- yogyakarta-styled).
The Yogyakarta City Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) reminds residents of river banks to increase awareness of potential floods and landslides entering the rainy season. November is the beginning of the rainy season so that the potential for flooding increases, especially in areas of riverbanks that have the potential to occur. BPBD of the City of Yogyakarta has installed as many as 80 early warning systems, CCTV and three large rivers flowing in the Yogyakarta City area, namely Kali Code, Winongo, and Gajah Wong. One point that is considered prone to landslides during the rainy season is the
former riverbank clogs in the Terban Village, which collapsed in early 2017 because it has not been repaired to date.
Cokrodiningratan Village is one area that has potential for fire and flood disasters.
Cokrodiningratan Village is located in Jetis District, Yogyakarta City. Cokrodiningratan Village is in the coordinates of 07º 46º 45 1º NL and 110º 22º 5 22º East. The boundaries of the Cokrodiningratan village are presented in the following:
Table 2
Direction Region
North Karangwaru Village
East Caturtunggal Village and Terban Village South Gowongan Village and Bumijo Village
West Bumijo Village and Karangwaru Village
Cokrodiningratan Village area 0.66 km² with 11 RWs and 57 RTs. The total population of 8935 inhabitants consists of male population of 4334 inhabitants and female population of 4601 inhabitants. The total number of family heads is 2858 people (https://cokrodiningratankel.jogjakota.go.id/).
Cokrodiningratan Village is a densely populated area and some of its areas are included on the Code River. This condition causes Cokrodiningratan Village to become one of the areas with high fire and flood potential. For this reason, efforts are needed from the community to overcome these problems. Community based disaster management needs to be done, because disasters that occur will be faced by the community concerned.
Education, knowledge and basic steps on how to implement disaster mitigation need to be provided to the community. that ability is needed so as not to cause further victims, namely victims because someone helps save others without realizing that he is not worthy of helping. Knowledge about Search and Rescue (SAR) and Standard Operational Procedure (SOP) for disaster management and evacuation drills must be carried out continuously (Tjandra, 2017: 22).
The Government of Yogyakarta City continues to make efforts in overcoming the potential of existing disasters by forming a Disaster Resilient Village (DRV). Formation is done by providing training, simulations to deal with disasters and even to provide disaster equipment to the community. with the formation of the DRV it is expected that in the event of a disaster, the community is able to resolve the potential of existing disasters and the relevant government also provides the necessary supporting equipment.
Disaster Resilient Village (DRV) which has been formed as many as 55 Continued DRV and 20 DRV Stubs scattered in the Yogyakarta City area. DRV is one of the spearheads of the Yogyakarta City Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) in dealing with disasters. As the spearhead of the Yogyakarta City BPBD, DRV needs to be equipped with training related to disaster, one of which is logistics training. The Logistics Training was held by the Yogyakarta City BPBD Emergency and Logistics section (Official Team of thePB BPBD Pusdalops of Yogyakarta City, 2016).
Cokrodiningratan Village has been established the Cokrokusuman Resilient Disaster Village (DRV). DRV Cokrokusuman is one of the DRV pilot villages in the city of Yogyakarta. As one of the pilot villages, Village Cokrodiningratan through DRV seeks to create a disaster resilient community. The form of DRV s work includes regular
socialization of the Resilient disaster, First Aid Accident (P3K) training, and basic rescue training during a disaster. The training was attended by residents and DRV members so that both the Cokrodiningratan Village community and DRV members understood matters related to disaster.
The Disaster Resilient Village in Cokrodiningratan Village is expected to be a means of education for the community about disaster mitigation and preparedness when disasters occur. However, the reality that occurs on the ground is slightly different. The activity of DRV members has not been carried out on an ongoing basis. Likewise, the level of awareness and understanding of the community about potential disasters and disaster mitigation. This can be seen in mid-2017 when a fire broke out in a part of Cokrokusuman village, namely the RW 10 and RW 11 areas located on the banks of the Code River. The fire burned down gardens and bamboo trees on the banks of the river and almost hit people s homes. Fire trucks cannot reach the location, because the access road is too narrow. The panicked local residents tried to extinguish the fire by splashing water on the hot spot. Unfortunately, DRV members who were at that time were not Resilient in the face of the fire. Though DRV has a water pump complete with hose and equipment to extinguish the fire in case of fire. After the fire, Cokrodiningratan DRV immediately conducted an evaluation of the incident.
Based on these data, it can be concluded that Indonesia has a high potential for disasters. This is caused by the physical and social conditions of Indonesia. One of the disasters that often occur is fires and floods that usually occur in densely populated areas or river banks. Cokrodiningratan Village, located in Jetis Subdistrict, Yogyakarta City is a densely populated area and some parts of its territory are crossed by the Code River.
Therefore, the readiness of the surrounding community is needed in facing these potential disasters. One of them is by forming the Resilient Village of Disasters (DRV) which aims to form a community that is ready to face potential disasters that may occur in its area.
However, the implementation of the DRV program has not gone well and has not yet reached the expected goals.
Based on the background of the problem, the writer wants to examine the role of the DRV Cokrokusuman for the community, how DRV s activities are in the context of forming a disaster resilient community, and the obstacles faced by DRV in carrying out their duties. Therefore, the authors take a study entitled The Role of Resilient Village in Dealing with Potential Disasters in the District of Cokrodiningratan, Jetis District, Yogyakarta City.
B. Problem Identification
Based on the background of the problem, the problem identification is obtained as follows:
1. Yogyakarta City is one of the regions in Indonesia with high natural disaster potential, especially fire and flood potential.
2. Not all people and DRV members follow the DRV program on an ongoing basis, so that when a disaster occurs, the community s reaction still tends to panic and do not know what to do.
3. DRV members are less resilient in dealing with fire disasters that have occurred in the Cokrodiningratan Village area.
C. Focus of the Problem
In order for this research to be carried out more focused, perfect, and in depth, the authors view the research issues raised need to be limited by the problem. Therefore, the authors limit this research to only relate to The Disaster Resilient Village Program in Facing Disaster Pontency in Yogyakarta .
D. Problem Formulation
Based on the problem limitation, the following problem formulation is obtained:
1. What is the role of resilient Disaster village in facing potential disasters in the Cokrodiningratan Village?
2. What obstacles have arisen in the implementation of the resilient Disaster Village program in the Cokrodiningratan sub-district?
E. Research Objectives
Based on the formulation of the problem, the following research objectives are obtained:
1. To identify the role of the Disaster Resilient Village in conducting socialization related to potential disasters to the community in the Cokrodiningratan Village.
2. To find out the obstacles that arise in the implementation of the Disaster Resilient Village program in the Cokrodiningratan Village.
F. Benefits of Research
Based on the purpose of the study, the benefits of this study are as follows:
1. Theoretical benefits of
this study can be a reference material for writing other relevant papers and can be used as reference material for readers about the Resilient Village of Disaster.
2. Practical Benefits
This research is expected to be able to provide information and input for those who participated in the implementation of the Disaster Resilient Village (DRV) to improve its ability in disaster mitigation.
CHAPTER II LITERATURE
A. Review of literature 1. Resilient Village
Village is a group of houses that is part of the city and is usually inhabited by people on low incomes. According to Abdullah, et al (1993: 35-36), villages have characteristics of non-permanent buildings, irregular settlement patterns, and many public roads that are home yards. So it is difficult to distinguish between public roads and home yards. In addition, the existing roads can only be traversed by pedestrians or two-wheeled vehicles.
Such conditions are found in villages in the city of Yogyakarta. A densely populated settlement with an irregular arrangement of houses, little or no yard, and the level of income of the middle to lower classes. Quite often these settlements are located on the banks of rivers, such as the banks of the Code River, Winongo River, and Gajah Wong River.
Likewise, Cokrokusuman Village is located in the Cokrodiningratan Village. The densely populated condition of the population and some of the areas on the banks of the Code River have made the village potentially disastrous.
The government took steps to reduce the risk of disasters starting with the ratification of Law Number 24 Year 2007 concerning Disaster Management. Then the National Disaster Management Agency (Bakornas PB) was formed, which in its development was replaced by the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) at the central level and the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) at the regional level (Kusumasari, 2014: 83).
Disasters that occur directly or indirectly will have an impact on society. The community is the first party to feel the effects of the disaster. therefore, a community-based disaster management program is needed.
The implementation of community-based disaster management programs is implemented through government policy as a revitalization effort that includes the re-introduction of local wisdom, re-education of traditional noble values, and revitalizing community preparedness in the face of disasters. So the output of this program is the formation of a resilient community (Ma arif, 2015: 4).
The government approach in the context of disaster management has top-down begun to change, because it is considered less effective in disaster management and creating gaps. In order to fill the gap, the government adopted Government Regulation No. 21/2008, which states that national disaster management is developed comprehensively and integrated in a forum that involves elements of government, non-government, society, and the business community under the coordination of the National Disaster Management Agency ( BNPB, 2008) in Kusumasari (2014: 91).
Referring to the Regulation of the Head of the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) No. 1 of 2012, which is about the General Guidelines for resilient Disaster Village / Village, the Resilient Village Disaster Program was formed in Yogyakarta. The people of Resilient disaster village are actively involved in assessing, analyzing, handling, monitoring, evaluating and reducing disaster risks in their area, especially by utilizing local resources to ensure the survival of the community.
Disaster Resilient Villages in Yogyakarta City totaled 35 villages in 2013-2014. The villages formed in those years were villages that had high vulnerability to disasters, so they became a priority for disaster management. Most of the villages chosen were those that were periodically affected by the disaster, especially the flood disaster. This number continues to
grow with the development carried out by BPBD. In 2016, the City of Yogyakarta had at least 55 Disaster Resilient Villages.
Yogyakarta City Resilient Disaster Village has 8 activities that have been carried out in disaster mitigation efforts, namely (1) village risk assessment, (2) village risk and contingency planning, (3) village contingency plan, (4) the formation of the Resilient Disaster Village volunteer team , (5) increasing the capacity of residents and officials in risk reduction, (6) integrating DRR into the Development Plan and legalizing it, (7) reducing disaster risk, (8) monitoring, evaluating and reporting at village level.
Based on these statements, it can be concluded that the condition of the villages in the Yogyakarta city area are densely populated areas that have the potential to experience disasters. Disaster management is not only the duty of the government and several related parties, including Bakornas and BNPB. However, disaster management is the duty of the community as the first party to get the impact of the disaster. Therefore, community participation is needed in the context of disaster management.
Disaster Resilient Village is an organization formed referring to the Head of National Disaster Management Agency Regulation No. 1 of 2012, which is about the General Guidelines of Disaster resilient Village / Village which aims to encourage community participation in disaster management. Initially the program was implemented in the village, so it was called Resilient Disaster village. However, because in the city area there are no villages but villages, the Head of the Yogyakarta City Disaster Management Agency issued a regulation to establish a Disaster Resilient Village in every village in the City of Yogyakarta.
2. Potential
According to the Big Indonesian Dictionary, potential is defined as an ability that has various possibilities or hopes for further development, be it in the form of strength, power, or ability that is obtained by the community directly or through a long process.
Wiyono (2006: 37) states that the potential can be interpreted as the basic ability of something that is still hidden in it that is waiting to be manifested into something tangible strength within that something.
Potential is a series of abilities, abilities, strengths, or powers that have the possibility to be developed into a larger form. This form is usually obtained through development for welfare in people s lives (Majdi, 2007).
Meanwhile, according to Sugiyono (2017: 49), potential is anything that has the ability or capacity to be developed. It can be said that potential is anything that has a capacity if developed will have added value.
Based on some of these statements, it can be concluded that potential is a power or ability that can be developed or developed by treatment or under certain conditions. In the context of a disaster, potential can be interpreted as a power or capability that can develop in a particular condition. In other words, a potential disaster is a condition that can cause or allow a disaster to occur.
3. Disaster
a. Understanding Disaster
According to the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 24 Year 2007 concerning Disaster Management, disaster is an event or series of events that threaten and disrupt people s lives and livelihoods caused, both by natural factors and / or non-natural
factors as well as human factors resulting in casualties human soul, environmental damage, property loss, and psychological impact.
A disaster is a natural, man-made event, or a combination of the two that occurs suddenly, causing a devastating negative impact on the survival of life. In such incidents, elements directly related or affected must respond by taking extraordinary actions to adjust and at the same time restore conditions to the original or become better (Priambodo, 2009: 22).
Disaster is not a new phenomenon for humanity. The word disaster has been well known and used by humans for thousands of years. The word disaster in English (disaster) comes from Latin, namely from the root words dis(far) and astrum (star) which means far from the star or meaningful events that blame the misfortune of astrological configuration according to Coppola in Kusumasari (2014: 1).
While Anies (2017: 36) divides disasters into two categories, namely natural disasters and non-natural disasters. Natural disasters are disasters caused by events or a series of events caused by nature. Meanwhile, non-natural disasters are disasters caused by non-natural events or series of events.
Based on this statement, it can be concluded that a disaster is an event or sequence of events that occur suddenly, unwanted, threatening and disrupting people s lives. Disasters that occur can be natural events, namely events caused by universal activity and non-natural events, namely disasters that occur due to human activity or human social activities.
Disasters that occur due to natural activities include volcanic eruptions, plate shifts that cause earthquakes and tsunamis.
Humans are the main component facing disasters. For this reason, good disaster management is needed. Handling is carried out by all parties involved in the disaster.
According to Sudarsono and Wibowo (2017: 10), disaster management is basically intended
as an effort to reduce the impact, reduce the loss of lives, damage and losses caused by disasters. So disaster management does not prevent it from occurring but rather it prevents impacts or consequences caused by disasters and minimizes casualties, economic losses and damage.
a. Fire Disasters
In general, the disasters that often occur in the city of Yogyakarta with conditions of densely populated settlements and are on the banks of rivers are fire and flood. Fire is the most frequent disaster around us. Generally fires fall into two categories of disasters, namely natural disasters and complex disasters. Fires caused by natural events are included in the category of natural disasters, for example forest fires caused by drought or volcanic lava falls, fires included in the category of complex disasters are residential fires, buildings, transportation equipment etc. (Priambodo, 2009: 75).
Fire is a situation in which a building in a place such as a house / settlement, factory, market, building and others is struck by a fire that causes casualties and / or losses (Anies, 2017: 34).
Whereas Sudarsono and Wibowo (2017: 9) define fire as a situation where a place or land or building is hit by a fire and the result is loss. Land and forest fires are all catastrophic events caused by human error in design, operation, neglect and deliberate use of technology or industry. Circumstances where land and forests are affected by fire, resulting in damage to land and forests and their products and cause losses.
According to Sukamto (2015: 11), fire disasters can be caused by natural activities, such as lightning strikes in dry areas or because of human activities. Fires caused by natural
activities are less likely than fires caused by human activities. Examples of fire disasters caused by human activities are human carelessness, for example throwing cigarette butts still burning in any place that has the potential to burn and short-circuiting the electric current.
Priambodo (2009: 75-76) mentions that there are four types of fire disasters. The first type (type A) is a fire caused by burning different solids, including dry waste, paper, wood, plastic and cloth. The second type (type B) is a fire caused by the burning of liquid or gas objects, including fuel oil and LPG. The third type (type C) is a fire caused by electrical devices and short circuits. While the fourth type (type D) is a fire caused by the burning of objects made of metal, for example iron.
According to Sukamto (2015: 13), efforts to anticipate fires require fire fighting officers complete with mobility facilities and equipment. In addition, there are several things that need to be considered, among others, local community preparedness, fire extinguishers, evacuation route readiness and proper evacuation sites for victims of fire disasters.
Based on this explanation, it can be concluded that a fire is an undesired flame caused by the burning of solid objects, liquid objects, metal objects, or electrical short circuit. Fires can be caused by natural activities, such as lightning strikes or human activities, for example human carelessness. Most of the fires that occur in settlements are caused by human carelessness. Fire anticipation efforts are carried out by increasing local community preparedness and optimizing evacuation facilities related to fire disasters.
b. Flood Disasters
In addition to fire disasters, densely populated residential areas especially those located on river banks also have the potential to experience flood disasters. Flooding is a natural phenomenon that usually occurs in an area that is often flowed by rivers. Simply
stated, flood is defined as the presence of water in a large area so that it covers the earth s surface of the region (Anies, 2017: 113).
Meanwhile, according to Ma arif and Hizbaron (2015: 7), flooding is a condition when an area is inundated by water in large discharges and for quite a long time. The existence of a puddle of water resulted in hampered economic and social activities in the region.
Sudarsono and Wibowo (2017: 8), stated that flooding is a condition where an area is inundated by water in such a large amount. While flash floods are floods that come suddenly caused by clogged rivers or by deforestation along rivers that damage people s homes and cause loss of life.
Indonesia, which is located on the Asian continent, has a high level of potential disaster risk, especially for the types of earthquake and flood hazards. The amount of loss due to the two natural disasters is quite large compared to other types of hazards. One example of the occurrence of flash floods in Mandailing Natal, North Sumatra Province on 15 September 2009 has claimed 9 lives, severely damaged 420 houses and lightly damaged houses 263 units. While there are thousands of hectares of rice fields submerged by water (Ma arif and Hizbaron, 2015: 2).
Floods often hit almost all parts of Indonesia. Flooding can occur at any time, usually preceded by heavy rain that flushes continuously in a relatively long period of time, especially in the rainy season. Floods are caused by several things, including high rainfall, overflowing river water, incorrect land use, lack of clean environmental awareness, logging and deforestation (Priambodo 2009: 56).
Based on these statements, it can be concluded that flooding is a condition of flooding an area due to weather or human activities. Floods occur in a long period of time.
High rainfall over a long period of time causes certain areas to experience flooding.
Reducing water catchment areas can also cause flooding, especially in densely populated residential areas.
Impacts or consequences arising from flood disasters are damage to facilities and infrastructure, loss of property, causing casualties, causing illness, and damage to agricultural areas. However, flooding can be overcome by providing a parallelism system, river deepening projects, maintaining forest sustainability, overseeing human activities, and implementing water infiltration well construction (Anies, 2017: 119-120).
Common symptoms that occur when flooding is continuous rain, followed by rising water levels at the DAM door and rodent escape from the ground. Actions that can be taken in these conditions are saving all family members, taking disaster guidance, basic needs, and emergency equipment, checking switches and electric currents, installing mines in evacuation routes, moving valuables to higher ground, monitoring information, making buoys and emergency rafts, as well as securing homes and vehicles from possible looting (Priambodo, 2009: 58).
One way to deal with flooding in densely populated settlements on the banks of the river is to provide an adequate water catchment system and protect the river from garbage that can clog the river flow. Garbage that clogs up the river will cause the river to overflow when the water discharge is large and inundates the surrounding area. When floods occur, make sure to take rescue steps to reduce losses due to disasters.
Ma arif and Hizbaron (2015: 4) state that the losses resulting from disasters depend on the ability to prevent or avoid disasters and the resilience of the community in responding to disasters. Losses due to disasters can be prevented if the community is better prepared and has good knowledge about the disasters that may occur in their area.
Furthermore, Priambodo (2009: 23) states that in dealing with disasters it takes a calculation of the scale of the disaster, the level of danger, and risks that can be caused. The scale of the disaster is divided into A to D scales with mild, medium, severe, to severe levels of danger. Human conditions that experience disasters can be divided into injuries, severe injuries, permanent disabilities, until death. As for the condition of the building, it is divided into mildly damaged, moderately damaged, badly damaged, and destroyed.
Based on this statement, it can be concluded that in dealing with disasters it is necessary to calculate the scale of the disaster. It aims to determine the level of damage caused by disasters. In addition, the community needs to understand matters relating to disaster management, such as disaster mitigation which includes pre, during and post disaster mitigation. Thus, the community becomes better prepared to deal with disasters and minimize losses or damage caused by disasters.
2. Cokrodiningratan Village, Jetis, Yogyakarta
Based on data from Cokrodiningratan Kelurahan, astronomically, Cokrodiningratan Kelurahan is located at coordinates 07º46º45 1º NA and 110º22º5 22º East. The distance to the Jetis District administration center is 1 kilometer, while the distance to the city center of Yogyakarta is 2 kilometers.
The location of the village is also not too far from the capital city of DIY, which is as far as 2 kilometers. The area of Cokrodiningratan is 0.66 km2which is divided into 11 RWs and 57 RTs. Administratively the Cokrodiningratan Kelurahan covers the northern and western regions bordering Karangwaru Kelurahan, the southern region bordering the East Gowongan Village and the eastern region bordering Catur Tunggal Village. The population
of Cokrodiningratan Urban Village is 8,935 people, divided into 2,858 households. This number consisted of 4,334 male inhabitants and 4,601 female residents.
The geographical location of the Cokrodiningratan village is bordered by the Code River to the east and north, which separates the Cokrodiningratan Kelurahan from the Terban Kelurahan. The Code River itself often experiences floods when the rainy season arrives or after the eruption of Mount Merapi. The kelurahan is a densely populated area with irregular settlement conditions. Some of the narrow road access does not allow traversed by four-wheeled vehicles, and even in some locations do not allow to pass the vehicle wheel 2.
Based on data from Cokrodiningratan village, that village including the one of the villages that are active in following the activities organized by the government of Yogyakarta and provincial. In order to support the City of Yogyakarta as a City of Education, tourism and Culture, the Cokrodiningratan has a vision of Improving Community Welfare Through Inclusion Kelurahan with missions including (1) Empowering marginalized vulnerable groups to play an active role in village development, (2) Join mentoring CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) and coordination with Regional Apparatus Organizations and Facilities, and (3) Infrastructure of areas that are vulnerable to friendly andaccessible.
Armed with this vision and mission, Cokrodiningratan Urban Village held various activities to empower the community. community participation is not limited to the productive age. However, starting from preschool to old age. Some activities that are actively carried out in the region are Posyandu, Commemoration of National Holidays, Participation in Contests, and other creative activities. In addition to activities related to the
development of public health, education and culture, the Cokrodiningratan Sub-district also develops activities related to community safety, including by establishing a Tugu Community, which is a volunteer association in the Cokrodiningratan Sub-district, Panca Tertib Village, and the Disaster-Resilient Village.
A. Relevant Research Studies Research
studies that are relevant to the research to be carried out include:
1. Thesis with the title Disaster Mitigation in the City of Yogyakarta Special Region of Yogyakarta by Mujiatun, Geography Education Study Program, Faculty of Social Sciences, Yogyakarta State University. The equation of the research with the author s research plan is to use the same method, which is qualitative with a descriptive approach.
The research seeks to describe any disaster mitigation activities in DIY. The research discusses the types of disaster mitigation carried out in the Special Region of Yogyakarta.
One of the discussions in the study was the Disaster Resilient Village, which was formed in the city of Yogyakarta. In the research findings, the purpose and objectives of the Resilient Disaster Village are explained. Data obtained from these studies can help the writer in researching the Cokrokusuman Disaster Resilient Village.
2. Thesis entitled Pre-Flood Disaster Management by Resilient Village: Study in Jetisharjo Village, Cokrodiningratan Village, Jetis District, Yogyakarta City by Kartika Dwilestari, Department of Islamic Community Development, Faculty of Da wah and Communication, Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University in Yogyakarta in 2015. The similarity of the research with the author s research plan is the similarity in the use of qualitative methods. The research location takes the same Kelurahan, Kelurahan Cokrodiningratan. However, the research takes the object of research in Jetisharjo
resilient Disaster Village while the author s research plan will research in Cokrokusuman Resilient Disaster Village. In addition, the research focuses on the pre flood disaster management, while the author s research plan focuses on the role of the Resilient Village.
The equation of the research location makes the research can be used as a reference by the authors to develop research.
3. Thesis with the title Formation of Resilient Resilient Villages in Landslide Disaster Risk Reduction in Banjarnegara Regency in 2015 by Listiyawati, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University in Purwokerto in 2017. The research equation with the author s research plan is using qualitative methods. The object of study in this study is that the Disaster resilient Village is the same as the resilient Disaster Village in the city area. The research seeks to describe how the formation of the Disaster Resilient Village can help reduce the risk of disasters in the study area. While the author s research plan is to find out how the role of the Disaster Resilient Village in dealing with potential disasters in the research location. Data about the Resilient Village in the study can be a comparison for the author s research plan of the Resilient Village.
B. Research Questions
Based on the study to be investigated, the following research questions were obtained:
1. How is the implementation of the Cokrokusuman Disaster Kampung program in the context of providing education to the community about disaster management in Cokrodiningratan Sub-District, Jetis District, Yogyakarta City?
2. What is the role of the Cokrokusuman Disaster Resilient Village in facing the Potential of Disasters in Cokrodiningratan Sub-District, Jetis District, Yogyakarta City?
3. What are the obstacles faced in the implementation of the Cokrokusuman Disaster Kampung program in Cokrodiningratan Sub-District, Jetis District, Yogyakarta City?
4. What is the solution taken to deal with obstacles in the implementation of the Cokrokusuman Disaster Kampung program in Cokrodiningratan Village, Jetis District, Yogyakarta City?
Chapter III
Research Methods Research A. Approach
This research is descriptive research. The research approach used in this study is a qualitative approach. According to Sugiyono (2017: 9) qualitative research methods are research methods based on the philosophy of postpositivism, used to examine the conditions of key objects, data collection techniques are carried out by triangulation, the data obtained tend to be qualitative, data analysis is inductive, and research results are for understand meaning, understand uniqueness, construct phenomena, and put forward hypotheses.
This study uses a qualitative approach, because it wants to know in detail and get an overview of the object of study to be studied. In addition, the use of qualitative research methods in this study will assist researchers in obtaining natural data in accordance with reality in the field. The data obtained will then be described descriptively according to the results of the research conducted.
B. Research Settings Research 1. Sites The research
Settings to be carried out in this study are located in Cokrokusuman Village, Cokrodiningratan Sub-District, Jetis District, Yogyakarta City. The village is one of the Disaster Resilient Villages in Yogyakarta.
2. Research Time Research
Time planned by researchers for three months, counting from January to March 2019. Research can also be stopped if the data obtained by researchers is sufficient or has reached saturated data.
3. Research
Subjects The research subjects planned by the researchers were the local community, members of the Resilient Disaster Village and community leaders in the Cokrodiningratan Kelurahan. However, it does not rule out the possibility that research subjects will develop according to situations and conditions.
C. Data
4. Sources Primary Data Sources Primary
Sources in research are the main sources obtained by researchers in the research conducted. The primary data source in this study was the results of interviews with several figures related to the object of research study, such as members of the Resilient Disaster Village, community leaders, local policy makers and residents of the Cokrodiningratan Kelurahan. In addition to using interview data, researchers also use field observations obtained to support the interview data.
5. Secondary Data Sources Secondary
Data sources in this study are documents relating to the object of research study. The documents referred to include decree related to community based disaster management, government and related parties decision letter, administrative data of the kelurahan, data on the organizational structure of the Resilient Disaster Village and documentation of resilient Disaster village activities.
Secondary data sources used in this study serve to strengthen the primary data that has been obtained. In addition, secondary data can also help researchers in combining and looking for relationships between existing data sources.
D. Data Collection Methods and Instruments Data Collection
1. Methods Data
Collection in qualitative research is carried out in natural conditions. Data collection method is done using snowball sampling technique. The snowball sampling technique is a data source sampling technique, which initially amounts to become a little longer (Sugiyono, 2015. 70).
The selection of the technique takes into account the number of people in the Cokrodiningratan Kelurahan who are likely to know or have information about research studies. Using snowball techniques, data retrieval is not only limited to relevant community leaders. However, it can reach the surrounding community.
2. Data Collection Instruments The a. Observation
Method of observation used in this study was moderate participatory observation.
Moderate participatory observation means that in research the researcher acts as an insider and an outsider in the object of study to be studied. So there is a balance in the participation of researchers in the object of study to be studied. In collecting data researchers participated in participatory observation, but not all of them.
With a participatory observation method that is moderate in nature, the researcher can obtain deeper data without too much following the activities carried out by the object of study under study. In addition, researchers do not have to be frank to the data source that researchers are conducting research.
The field observation plan to be carried out by the researcher begins in December, the first observation stage before the research is carried out. The first observation the
researcher made was to obtain temporary data about the object of the study study.
Observations were made by searching for documents in the form of a map of the Cokrodiningratan Kelurahan, a map of potential disasters in the Cokrodiningratan and a map of the RT and RW boundaries in the Cokrodiningratan Kelurahan.
The second phase of observation will be held in January 2019. In the second phase of observation the researchers will observe disaster-prone areas in the Cokrodiningratan Kelurahan. The area in question is in the form of a riverbank, river area and several locations that are considered prone to fire.
The third phase of observation will be held in February 2019. In the third phase of observation researchers will observe the Cokrodiningratan Kelurahan community, members of the KTB and the local government to obtain the data needed in the study. In conducting observations, researchers use observation guidelines so that observation activities are more structured. Research observation guidelines as follows.
Table 3. Observation Guideline
No. Aspects Observed Information
1. Physical conditions in the Kampung Cokrokusuman area.
Natural boundaries of village areas, land use, riverbanks and densely populated settlements.
2. Demographic conditions in Cokrokusuman village.
Population dynamics, population distribution, population density, economic level and education of villagers.
3. Potential disasters in
Cokrokusuman village. Potential fire disaster and potential flood disaster.
4. Resilient Village of Disaster Activities KTB, KTB work program and the scope of work of KTB.
b. Interviews
This study also used interview data collection methods. An interview is a meeting of two people to exchange information and ideas through questions and answers, so that meaning can be constructed in a particular topic. Interviews are used as data collection techniques to find out more about the object of research studies (Sugiyono, 2017: 114).
Interviews conducted in this study were semi structured interview types. The reason for using semi structured interviews is because with this method, the data obtained will be more in-depth and extensive. However, it is not out of focus of the problem to be examined.
By using semi structured interviews, the answers can be more diverse from each subject being interviewed.
Data collection plan using the interview method will be conducted in January to March. Data collection by interview method will be carried out starting from the local government, KTB members and the community of Cokrodiningratan Kelurahan. Data retrieval will be stopped if the data that has been obtained has been saturated. In conducting interviews the researchers used interview guidelines so that the interview activities were more directed.
c. Documentation
Researchers need documents in conducting research to support other data that has been obtained. The document is a record of events that have already passed. Documents can take the form of writings, drawings, or monumental works from someone (Sugiyono, 2017:
124).
The method of collecting data with documentation is to collect related documents and can assist in research. The required documents can be in the form of decrees, books,
diary entries, collections of letters and drawings. The documents obtained will assist researchers in analyzing data. In addition, the results of observations and interviews are considered more credible if supported by the right documents.
Documentation that will be taken during the research is documentation in printed form, in the form of news or related articles, photographs and administrative letters of the village. The data is used to support interviews and observations made during the study. The data was obtained from the village office, the KTB management, and the results of the researchers documentation.
E. Data Validity
Method used to analyze the validity of the data uses the triangulation method.
Triangulation Method is a data collection technique that combines various available data sources (Sugiyono, 2017: 125).
Data that has been collected from the results of interviews, observations and documentation will then be combined to get answers from the research conducted. In this study, researchers used the technique triangulation method, in which researchers used different data collection techniques to obtain data from the same source. In this case researchers conducted observations, interviews and documentation to obtain data related to the Resilient Village of Disasters.
F. Data Analysis
Sugiyono (2017: 131) argues that data analysis is the process of systematically searching and compiling data obtained from interviews, field notes and documentation, by
organizing data into categories, describing it into units, synthesizing, arrange into patterns, choose what is important and what will be learned, and make conclusions so that it is easily understood by yourself and others.
Data analysis in this study uses Miles and Huberman s data analysis model, which includes data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and data conclusions. The first step is data collection carried out on the object of research study. After data collection, data reduction will be carried out to determine data that supports research with waste data. This can be repeated again to get the desired data. Then proceed with the presentation of data in the form of a brief description to understand what steps should be taken. Do continue to the next stage or return to the previous step. After the three stages are completed, the last stage is drawing conclusions from the results of the study.
The final result of the research is the conclusion of the research which is the answer to the formulation of the problem in the research that has been proposed previously. If in the conclusion of the research there are still doubts, then the data analysis stage can be carried out beforehand.
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