e-ISSN: 2746-380X English LAnguage Study and Teaching (ELASTE) 38 The Use of Code-Switching Method to Improve Female Students’
Speaking Skills
1Nurmina*; 2Cut Mulia Zuhra; 3Nora Fitria,
1*,2,3English Education Department, Universitas Serambi Mekkah, Banda Aceh,
Indonesia
Email: miemien1506@gmail.com
Abstract
Speaking is the way to express the idea with others in the social community. Many students still have difficulties in mastering speaking skills. This problem was also faced by the students of SMP Islam Ibnu Khaldun Banda Aceh in learning speaking. The reasons why they get difficulties in speaking include having lack of vocabularies to express idea and being not confidence to speak in English. Therefore, this research apllied code-switching method in speaking class in order to make the students easier to speak in English. This research was quantitave which is one group pretest-posttest design. The population of this research are all taken as the sample , which are 30 female students in the eighth grade of SMP Islam Ibnu Khaldun Banda Aceh. The data were gathered through test.. The data were analyzed after getting the score of the students’ test and processed by using t-test formula in SPSS version 23. The result showed that there was an improvement on students’ speaking skill after the implementation of code-switching method. The mean score of post- test was 49.07, while the pre-test was 27.73. Besides, the result of t-test showed that the score increased by about 21.34. Finally, from the explanation above it can be concluded that there was a significant difference between the students’ speaking achievement before and after teaching speaking by using code-switching method.
Keywords: Code-switching; Learning; English; Speaking skill
A. Introduction
As human, people need language to interact and communicate with other society. Language is a tool used by humans to communicate with other humans. Without the language, the humans are unable to express opinions or feelings. According to Shaskevich (2019), language is a means of communication between members of the public generated by the human speech apparatus.
There are many language in the world, one of them is English.
English is an international language, there are many countries that use English language and even make the English language to their second language. Many people from different countries learn English language, such as Indonesia. Chen (2018) states that in the globalization era, English is used as a global international language that several contries have included foreign language communication skill in their lifelong learning goals to meet the competitive needs of the 21st century. The reason of why people learn English is because English is an international language and is as a language of liaison with other country. Santoso (2014) says that English language learning in Indonesia constitudes an attempt for Indonesians to be able understand and keep up with the development of science and technology in the world and to provide a way for Indonesian people to interact with other global members.
Speaking is one of the most important skill in English, and students, particularly female students in SMP Islam Ibnu Khaldun Banda Aceh still experienced difficulties in mastering this skill. One of the possible technique to use is using code switching.
The researcher has studied about teaching speaking by using code- switching method. Based on a previous study by Yuanita (2019), using code- switching and code-mixing in classroom instruction helped students to comprehend the knowledge about subject content and help the student understand the lesson. Another previous study by Pollard (2002) revelaled that bilingual tutoring classes students, in which code-switching is allowed, did not hesitate in their conversations nor were hindered by language barriers. To sum up, code- switching makes the students understand the lesson and easy to communicate in English.
However unfortunately code switching has never been implemented in SMP Islam Ibnu Khaldun Banda Aceh. Moreover, there has been no specific study about the use of code-switching method with additionally focus to improve female students’ speaking skill. Therefore the researcher would like to cunduct the study on the use of code-switching method to improve female students’
speaking skill in the eighth grade students of SMP Islam Ibnu Khaldun Banda Aceh.
B. Method
In this study the researcher used the pre-experimental method that was one group pre-test and post-test design. According to Sugiyono (2015), pre-experimental with one group pre-test and post-test experimental design is to compare pre-test and post-test. The researcher conducted teaching speaking by using code-switching method through test. The population in this research were female students in the eihgth grade of SMP Islam Ibnu Khaldun Banda Aceh and all population was taken as a sample since the population was below 100. Accoridng to Arikunto (2012), if the population is less than 100, then the samples were taken from the entire exisiting population. There were 30 female students in the eighth grade of SMP Islam Ibnu Khaldun Banda Aceh.
In this research, the researcher collected data from students’
speaking tests. There are five main components for assessing the test:
pronunciation, fluency, grammar, vocabulary, and content. The speaking test was assessed by using the following scoring rubric:
Table 1. Table of Speaking Skill Scoring Rubric Speaking
Component
Score 1 2 3 4 5 Pronunciation
Fluency Grammar Vocabulary Content
1: very bad 2: bad 3: normal 4: good 5: very good
Students Score= Total point/25x100
C. Research Findings
The researcher presented two kinds of tests, they are pre-test and post-test. This is the result of pre-test and post-test for students. It showed in the following table 2 below:
Table 2. Students’ Speaking Score Name Pre-Test Post-Test
NS 32 52
MZ 48 60
KH 32 48
PA 32 52
NI 44 48
AZ 40 48
SR 32 52
KN 24 32
SM 20 48
AH 20 48
NH 20 40
AD 20 44
ANL 24 44
AN 24 44
SA 20 60
NA 20 52
CS 56 80
KM 20 60
GTN 28 68
NF 20 68
AR 20 52
RA 20 52
NBI 20 20
ST 20 20
WP 24 56
TA 20 56
MS 20 24
NI 20 24
MN 44 68
WJ 48 68
Total 812 1,472
Furthermore, from the table above it can be concluded that most of the students could not speak English well before they are taught by using code-switching method. In addition, the researcher presents the frequency score of the pre-test and post-test in the following Figure 1 and figure 2.
Based on (figure 1) above, it is concluded that the student who got a score of 20 was 15 students (50,0%). Then 4 students (13,3%) got a score of 24.
The student who got a score of 28 was 1 student (3,3%). The students who got a score of 32 were 4 students (13,3%). The student who got a score of 40 was 1 student (3,3%). The students who got a score of 44 were 2 students (6,7%). The students who got a score of 48 were 2 students (6,7%). And the student who got a score of 56 was 1 student (3,3%).
Next, the frequency score of the post-test can be presented in the following.
Figure 1. Histogram of Pre-Test
50%
13,3% 13,3%
3,3% 3,3% 3,3%
6,7% 6,7%
Based on the histogram, it can described that 2 students (6,7%) got a score of 20, 2 students (6,7%) got a score of 24, 1 student (3,3%) got a score of 32, 2 students (6,7%) got a score 40, 4 students (13,3%) got a score 44, 4 students (13,3%) got to score 48, 5 students (16,7%) got to score 52, 2 students (6,7%) got to score 56, 3 students (10,0%) got to score 60, 4 students (13,3%) got to score 68, and 1 student (3,3%) got to score 80. Next, based on the description, the researcher concludes that most students got a score of 52 in mastering speaking after they are taught speaking by using code-switching.
After getting the data, the researcher calculates the average score of pre-test and post-test that was gotten by the students, and to find out the average score, the researcher calculates the data by using SPSS 23.
The result of the calculation is shown in Table 3 as follows:
Table 3. The Students’ Average Scores of Pre-Test and Post-Test
Paired Samples Statistics
Mean N Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
Pair 1 Pre-Test 27.73 30 10.709 1.955
Post-Test 49.07 30 14.853 2.712
Figure 2. Histogram of Pre-Test
6,7% 6,7% 6,7% 6,7%
3,3% 3,3%
13,3%
10,0%
16,7%
13,3%
13,3%
Table 3 shows that the students' average score on the pre-test was 27.73 in mastering speaking meanwhile the students' average score on the post-test was 49.07 in mastering speaking. There was about 22 point increase.
D. Discussion
Students' average score on the posttest is 49.07. Therefore, the average speaking score of the students before treatment was 27.73, which was an unsatisfactory result. Students have an average speaking score of 49.07 after being taught to speak using the code-switching method.
Therefore, the students' average speaking scores increased, and the increase is about 21.34 points.
Then, based on statistical analysis, the Gain Score (GS) score was 0.29. This means that there was a difference of 29% in speaking ability before teaching speaking by using code-switching and after teaching code- switching in speaking. Thus, the students' ability to master speaking increased by 29% after being taught using the code-switching method.
Finally, based on the findings, it can be concluded that teaching speaking with code-switching was superior to teaching speaking without code-switching method. Not all students use correct grammar, have good pronunciation, can speak fluently, and not all students are good at content-based conversations, but the code-switching method can improve student conversations. Skills may improve. It was found that students in grade 8 of SMP Islamic Ibnu Khaldun Banda Aceh, who were taught to speak using code-switching techniques, achieved higher scores before they are taught by using code switching method.
E. Conclusion
Based on the research findings, it was found that the students' speaking ability improved significantly before being taught to speak using the code-switching method and after being taught to speak using the code-switching method. This can be confirmed by the increase in the speaking score of the students. The gain from the pre-test average (27.73) to (49.07) is 21.34.
In this study, the speaking ability of the students in SMP Islamic Ibnu Khaldun Banda Aceh increased by 21.34 points after being taught using the code-switching method. Thus, teaching SMP Islamic Ibnu Khaldun Banda Aceh students to speak using the code-switching method has been successful as it improves the students' ability to learn to speak.
Based on the finding, some suggestions are proposed as follows:
1. Since the code-switching method can increase students speaking ability, the researcher suggests that English teachers apply this method as an alternative way to increase students speaking ability.
2. The researcher suggests that English teachers apply the code- switching method to help the students understand the lesson, and to help students who lack vocabulary and are not confident in conveying ideas or answering a question in class.
3. The principal of SMP Islam Ibnu Khaldun Banda Aceh should prepare facilities such as books or the facilities which are needed in the teaching and learning process.
References
