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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NARRATIVE STRUCTURE IN THE NOVEL AND FILM “THE JUNGLE BOOK"
Muhammad Hidayat
1Sukardi Weda
2Universitas Negeri Makassar
[email protected]1 [email protected]2
Abstract
The aim of this research is to find out the narrative structure occurred in “The Jungle Book Novel 1894” and “The Jungle Book Film 2016” using the Caroline Denton (2007) Narrative Structure theory and Comparative Literature approach based on aspects of the narrative structure. This research used descriptive qualitative research in order to describe the aspects and its characteristics that are related to the topic. Using the Caroline Denton’s theory, the researcher used categorize the narrative structures in The Jungle Book Film 2016 and The Jungle Book Novel 1894 based 5 aspects. The researcher will also compare the narrative structures with the aspects of film in order to classify the narrative structures in two literary works to find the differences and similarities. The result of this study indicates that there are 13 similarities and 17 differences found in these two literary works based on Setting, Characters, Conflict, Climax, and Resolution aspects of narrative structure. 22 narrative structures are captured in The Jungle Book Film 2016 and 23 narrative structures are captured in The Jungle Book Novel 1894. As a conclusion for this research, the researcher is able to identify the narrative structure and compare them.
Keywords: Narrative Structure, Novel, Film, Comparative Literature.
INTRODUCTION
Movie as a literary work is mostly adapted from novel. The right development of character, plot, theme, setting, atmosphere, point of view, and genre is more than merely providing an audience what they expect. The western culture often appears in the fictional work such as novel and film. Through the narrative that establishes the story, the western culture is represented in the plot or in the image of the character. The author of classical literature has completed the creative process of developing its characters, stories, and worlds, and has employed the structuralism method, classical literature exists as a rich source of film. Basically, film and novel have their own tools for manipulating narrative structure of the western culture. Novel and film are different kind of literary works. It can be known from they are enjoyed, novel is enjoyed through reading while film is enjoyed by watching. Ana (2009:43) suggests in her article that novel is a piece of fiction that contains 40.000 words.
Then, why the novel matters? I thought this is something which can be understood by the author because novel is bright book of life. D.H. Lawrence (1963) argues that a novel portrays this unexpected and varying nature of life making the reader realize that life itself is the reason for living. Through his literature, Lawrence introduces his own interpretation of life. He is concerned with basic problems of human existence.
Like novel, film is an interesting subject to study in human life. I think film has already had a huge impact on people’s daily life as well as the public at large. Films are expressions of reality that include components from society. Masoud Yazdani (2014: 7) reveals that film is still vitally important. Hollywood seems to have run out of interesting or compelling stories and television drama is increasingly taking up the responsibility for producing complex and compelling narratives. We may comprehend that a novel is a work of fiction that is based on the author's imagination and describes fictional people and events that are not necessarily true in our life. Novel is a literary work that describes the history from imagination of the author. In general, a film has a variety of messages, including educational, entertainment, and information. Syed Aftad Hassan Bukhari (2011) argues that comparative studies are research, comparisons and contrasts between subjects or concepts. A comparative research demonstrates the similarities or differences between two subjects.
After discussing the previous studies above the researcher decided to analyze as the same topic as to researcher has mentioned. However, the researcher wants to analyze a little bit different which is “Narrative Structure Analysis Between The Jungle Book in Novel and Film”. The distinction between the earlier research and this one is the object getting studied. Those researches discuss about focused on reduction, addition, and modification using ecranisation theory has been adapted from novel to film. In the purpose of analyzing the
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Narrative Structure decided the same aspect which is differences between novel and film. Other aspects of the novel and film adaptation, such as the influence of adaptation on the audience, are explained by the researcher.
Based on the background above, the researcher would like to present research questions as follow:
1. What are the kinds of the narrative structure in the novel and film of “The Jungle Book”?
2. What are the differences and similarities between the novel and film “The Jungle Book”?
Related to the explained above, there are several reviews of related literature about this study as follows:
Narrative Structure
According to Lyle (2006: 68), narrative may be the way to read clearer messages that is implied in a story.
The narrative pattern proposed by Tzvetan Todorov is a way to understand the underlying meaning behind a story. In this case, the inside look of the structure of the stories is crucial to understand the meaning. The narrative structure is based on a story framework that includes setting, characters, conflict, climax, and resolution. A narrative is a description of a work of fiction or a real event (Caroline Denton, 2007).
For example, if we want to know the common thread that a couple of short stories have, we have to look at the narrative pattern. Todorov states the narratologist see narrative to their basic structure units such as characters, events, etc (1966).
Novel
According to Halid (2018), novel is a literary work in which the author describes human life with his or her own words. Novels are also said to have the ability to inspire readers to take action or make decisions.
Therefore, the story is a representation of human existence. Consequently, the reader is sometimes taken by the author's plot.
From definition above, we can understand that novel is a kind of fiction that comes from fantasy an author’s mind and describes invented of people and events at least not real, but it may be true in our life. Novel as literary work that describing the history from imagination of the author.
Film
The film is not always to as an entertainment but also recognized as an art form. Boggs and Petric (2000:3) said that the tremendous expense involved in producing motion pictures reminds us that film is both industry and art and also employs the compositional elements of visual art.
According to Hornby (2006:950) film means a series of moving pictures recorded with a sound that tells a story, shown at cinema/movie. The film is something that many people like. Besides the story being good and the animation being interesting to watch, many movies are loved so far like cartoons. In the movie, language is one of the most important tools of communication, explaining what the speaker wants listeners to do.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The purpose of the study and the research problem, this thesis belongs to the domain of descriptive qualitative. This research is conducted in a descriptive study by using qualitative approach. Qualitative approach is an approach in study that is aimed to understand the phenomenon experienced by the subject of the study, such as; behaviour, perception, motivation, action, etc. holistically and descriptively in the form of words in its natural setting using some methods (Moleong, 2010: 6). Holloway and Wheeler (2002:30) refer to qualitative research as “a form of social enquiry that focuses on the way people interpret and make sense of their experience and the world in which they live”. To find those phenomenon of the narrative structure in the story in The Jungle Book, the researcher takes several sentences and dialog which relate to the function of narrative structure.
There are two kinds of data sources that the researcher will use in this research which are:
The main data, which is taken from the novel “The Jungle Book” 1894 by Rudyard Kipling and the movie
“The Jungle Book” 2016 by Jon Favreau and Bringham Taylor. The supporting data, which is taken from journals, articles, books that has relationship with the main data. In collecting the data, the researcher will use interpretative qualitative method. Therefore, the data collection procedure can be described as: Watch and re- watch the movie “The Jungle Book” 2016 by Jon Favreau and Bringham Taylor. Read and re-read the novel
“The Jungle Book” 1894 by Rudyard Kipling, taking notes on the narrative structure found in the novel and the film. Find the differences and the similarities, then classify the narrative structure found in the novel and the film into several parts. Make a conclusion about the narrative structure occurred in the novel and the film.
The techniques of data analysis are very important to any research. According to Miles, Huberman, and Saldana (2014), there are three steps in analyzing data which are: (1) Data condensation is to the process of selecting, focusing, simplifying, abstracting, and/or transforming the data that appear in the full corpus (body)
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of written-up field notes, interview transcripts, documents, and other empirical materials. Data condensation occurs continuously throughout the life of any qualitatively oriented project. As data collection proceeds, further episodes of data condensation occur: writing summaries, coding, developing themes, generating categories, and writing analytic memos. The data considering/transforming process continues after the fieldwork is over, until a final report is completed. (2) Data display is the second major flow of analysis activity.
In general, a display is an organized, compressed assembly of information that allows conclusion drawing and action. The displays discussed and illustrated in this book include many types of matrices, graphs, charts, and networks. All are designed to assemble organized information into an immediately accessible, compact form so that the analyst can see what is happening and either draw justified conclusions or move on to the next step of analysis that the display suggest may be useful. (3) The last stream of analysis activity is conclusion drawing and verification. From the start of data collection, the qualitative analyst interprets what things mean by nothing patterns, explanations, causal flows, and propositions. “Final” conclusions may nit appear until data collection is over, depending on the size of the corpus of field notes; the coding, storage, and retrieval methods used; the sophistication of the researcher; and any necessary deadlines to be met. Conclusions are also verified as the analyst proceeds. Verification may be as brief as a fleeting second thought crossing the analyst’s mind during writing, with a short excursion back to the field notes or it may be through and elaborate with lengthy argumentation and review among colleagues to develop “intersubjective consensus” or with extensive efforts to replicate a finding in another data set.
FINDINGS & DISCUSSION
In this chapter, the researcher took the data from Rudyard Kipling’s novel named “The Jungle Book 1894”
and Jon Favreau’s film “The Jungle Book 2016” to find the answers of the research questions that have been mentioned above. “The Jungle Book 2016” is 01:45:52 length while “The Jungle Book 1894” is 97 pages. For further analysis, the researcher focused on the narrative structure occurred in the film and the novel. The findings provided have derived from the dialogues and or monologue both in the film and the novel.
Moving back to what narrative structure is, and which is to this result of analyzing. To be able to become a story, there must be something or things that contains several elements, one of which is a narrative structure.
The narrative structure is based on a story framework that includes setting, characters, conflict, climax, and resolution. A narrative is a description of a work of fiction or a real event (Caroline Denton, 2007). Below the researcher findings on the narrative structure in the jungle book film and novel are presented.
Setting
Setting in literature, the location and time frame in which the action of a narrative takes place.
Extract 1:
(The Jungle Book Film, 00:01:18-00:01:21) The jungle showed a place with many animals.
Bagheera: “Many strange tales are told of this jungle but none so strange.”
In this extract, the scene show many trees and vegetation which implies that they are in the jungle just like what Bagheera said in the dialog.
Characters
Denton explains that this aspect includes people, animals, or other entities in the text.
Extract 2 :
(The Jungle Book Film, 00:01:21-00:01:23) Mowgli was running in a jungle.
Bagheera: “… as the tale of the cub we call Mowgli.”
In this extract, Bagheera introduced Mowgli as a character or a man cub who lives alone in a jungle.
Conflict
Conflict is a problem between two or more opposing forces in a work of literature.
Extract 8:
55 (The Jungle Book Film, 00:10:34-00:11:06)
Shere Khan, Akela, and Raksha talks to each other on the river bank with other animals, while Mowgli hides behind Raksha.
Shere Khan: “When was it we came to adopt man into the Jungle?”
Akela: “He’s just a cub.”
Shere Khan: “Does my face not remind you of what a grown man can do? Shift your hunting ground for a few years and everyone forgets how the Law works. Well, let me remind you. A man-cub becomes man, and man is forbidden!”
Raksha: “What do you know about Law?”
Akela: “Raksha!”
Raksha: “Hunting for pleasure. Killing for power. You’ve never known Law. The cub is mine! Mine to me.
So, go back to where you came from, you burned beast!”
In this extract, Shere Khan didn't agree with the presence of a man-cub in the Jungle. He thinks the Jungle has laws that apply. Raksha said that Shere Khan didn’t understand about the Law of the Jungle.
Climax
Climax means an emotional high point of the story where the conflict is addressed.
Extract 20:
(The Jungle Book Film, 01:20:40-01:24:38)
Mowgli runs into to the jungle after he fought Shere Khan with the Red Flower.
Mowgli: “I’m not afraid of you! No one has to be afraid of you any more!”
Shere Khan: “I think they’re afraid of something else now. The man cub is now a man. Come now, use the Red Flower.”
Mowgli: “I’m Mowgli of the Seeonee and this is my home!”
Shere Khan: “That was the stupidest thing you could’ve done. Now you have nothing. No claws, no fur, no teeth.” (after Mowgli throwing the Red Flower).
Baloo: “Wolves, attack!”
Bagheera: “Stay here Mowgli.”
Mowgli: “But I wanna fight him with the wolves!”
Bagheera: “You can’t fight him like a wolf. Fight him like a man.”
Mowgli: “A man, yah! I am a man.”
Bagheera: “We’ll hold him off. You’re not a wolf! Now, go!”
Shere Khan: “It’s time we put an end to this.”
In this extract, Mowgli comes to Seeonee pack and wants to fight Shere Khan. The way fights is actually like other Seeonee member. But suddenly, Bagheera come to Mowgli, and said that he is not a wolf, just fight Shere Khan like a man.
Resolutions
Resolution is the end of the story. It occurs after the climax. It is when you learn what happens to the characters after the conflict is resolved as a final outcome.
Extract 21:
(The Jungle Book Film, 01:32:26-01:33:08)
Mowgli and the animals smile after Shere Khan died.
Bagheera: “Where they made furrows in the ground with their tusks, there the rivers ran. In my years, I’ve seen a lot in this jungle. But I saw something I’ll never forget. I saw a little boy without a people bring all the jungle together for the very first time.”
In this extract, Bagheera feels something that makes him proud to Mowgli, because Mowgli’s victory against Shere Khan, and all the animal in the jungle come to the council rock.
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After explaining the extracts of The Jungle Book Film 2016 and The Jungle Book 1894, the researcher can finally answer the research questions that had brought the research up to this far. The first question is what are the kinds of the narrative structure in the novel and film “The Jungle Book”? After the process of extracting and categorizing, the researcher found 22 narrative structures captured in “The Jungle Book Film 2016” and 23 narrative structures captured in “The Jungle Book 1894” based on 11 Settings, 15 Characters, 8 Conflicts, 6 Climaxes, 5 Resolutions. In “The Jungle Book Film 2016” there are: (1) 5 Settings, (2) 8 Characters, (3) 4 Conflicts, (4) 3 Climaxes, (5) 2 Resolutions. Meanwhile, in “The Jungle Book Novel 1894” there are: (1) 6 Settings, (2) 7 Characters, (3) 4 Conflicts, (4) 3 Climaxes, (5) 3 Resolutions. The findings of the first research question are related to the theory used by the researcher, based on Caroline Denton (2007), who revealed that Narrative Structure follow a familiar story structure, how or why an event happened; what resulted from an event, and how two or more things are alike / different. The distinction between the earlier research and this one is the focus of analysis. Those researches discuss about focused on reduction, addition, and modification using ecranisation theory has been adapted from novel to film whereas this research focuses on narrative structure of the film and novel “The Jungle Book”.
The second question is what are the differences and similarities between the novel and film “The Jungle Book”? To answer this question, the researcher must learn about what comparative literature is. According to Syed Aftad Hassan Bukhari (2011), comparative studies are research, comparisons, and contrasts between subjects or concepts. A comparative research demonstrates the similarities or differences between two subjects.
After understanding the meaning of comparing, the researcher used the aspects of narrative structure to answer the second question, consists of Setting, Character, Conflict, Climax, Resolution.
Table 1. The general types of Narrative Structure of Novel and Film “The Jungle Book”
Narrative Structure
Film Elements of Narrative
Structure
Novel 1. The Jungle
2. The Peace Rock 3. The Evening 4. The Cave 5. The Pit
Setting
1. Seven o’clock 2. The Jungle 3. The Waingunga 4. The Council Rock 5. The Jungle 6. Seeonee Hills 1. Mowgli
2. Bagheera 3. Akela 4. Raksha 5. Shere Khan 6. Kaa 7. Baloo 8. Louie
Characters
1. Raksha 2. Mowgli 3. Bagheera 4. Akela 5. Baloo 6. Tabaqui 7. Shere Khan
1. Shere Khan didn’t agree with the presence of a man cub in the jungle.
2. Several wolves are having dispute due to Shere Khan’s threat.
3. Shere Khan wanted to kill Mowgli
Conflict
1. The conflict that occurs in the pack is is Shere Khan declare the leader of the pack.
2. Shere Khan threatens to the Seeonee Pack about Mowgli.
3. Shere Khan fight against Mowgli, and Mowgli used the flames in the council rock.
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have a red flower.
4. Mowgli goes to human village.
1. Shere khan decided to kill Akela to force Mowgli back in the jungle.
2. Kaa tells to Mowgli about the man cub.
3. Mowgli comes to Seeonee Pack and wants to fight Shere Khan and Shere Khan’s body is buried.
Climax
1. Shere Khan actually takes the Seeonee Pack as a hostage to force Mowgli to come back in the jungle.
2. Mowgli and Akela come back to the jungle to fight against Shere Khan.
3. Shere Khan’s was buried by the debris until he can’t breathe.
1. Bagheera feels something that makes him proud to Mowgli.
2. The Seeonee Pack accepting Mowgli to be the member.
Resolution
1. Before Shere Khan died, many of wolves are escape to anywhere, but since they heard Shere Khan died, they come back to the jungle to met Mowgli.
2. The Seeonee Pack accepting Mowgli to stay in the pack.
3. Mowgli decided to be a man and getting married.
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Table 2. The Differences in Narrative Structure between “The Jungle Book Novel 1894” and “The Jungle Book Film 2016”
Narrative Structure
Film Elements of Narrative
Structure
Novel 1. The beginning of the film
shows the time in the afternoon when Mowgli ran around in the jungle.
2. The Pit shows one of the places in the scene in the film.
3. The Cave shows one of the places in the scene in the film as a habitation for Baloo.
4. One of the scenes in the film shows Mowgli sits on the Big Rock when the rains were heavy in the evening.
Setting
1. The beginning of the novel shows the time in the evening at seven o’clock when Raksha sits in the Seeonee Hills.
2. The Waingunga is one of the places has mention in the novel as the river in the jungle.
3. One of the pages in the novel describes the rains in the afternoon when Akela talks to Raksha about adopting a man cub.
1. Kaa
2. Louie Characters 1. Tabaqui
1. When Mowgli was at The Monkey Temple, Louie wanted to have a Red Flower, because Louie can rule the jungle and make himself into a mighty being.
Conflict
1. The conflict that occurs in the pack is Shere Khan declare the leader of the pack.
2. Mowgli goes to human village.
1. Shere Khan decided to kill Akela to force Mowgli back in the jungle.
2. Kaa told to Mowgli about the man cub when Kaa hyptonized Mowgli by revealing past events.
Climax
1. Shere Khan actually takes the the Seeonee Pack as a hostage to force Mowgli to come back in the jungle.
2. Mowgli and Akela come back to the jungle to fight against Shere Khan.
1. Bagheera feels something that makes him proud to Mowgli after beating Shere Khan in an epic battle.
Resolution
1. Before Shere Khan died, many of wolves are escape to anywhere, but since they heard Shere Khan died, they come back to the jungle to met Mowgli.
2. After all the problems are solved, Mowgli decided to be a man and getting married.
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Table 3. The Similarities in Narrative Structure between “The Jungle Book Novel 1894” and “The Jungle Book Film 2016”
Setting
Setting, in literature, represents the location and time frame in which the action of a narrative takes place.
The similarities of setting in “The Jungle Book Film 2016” and “The Jungle Book Novel 1894” are both settings occurred in two places. The Two places are: (1) The Jungle, and (2) The Peace Rock or The Council Rock. As for the differences, there are shown the time and the places are different between “The Jungle Book Novel 1894 and “The Jungle Book Film 2016” : (1) “The Jungle Book Novel 1894” setting in earlier pages on seven o’clock and while in “The Jungle Book Film 2016” there is no time it shows (seven o’clock) in an earlier scene of the movie, because the beginning of the film shows the time in the afternoon where Mowgli ran around in the jungle. (2) The Waingunga is one of the places has mention in “The Jungle Book Novel 1894” as the river in the jungle while in “The Jungle Book Film 2016” there is no mention about The Waingunga in all of the scenes, because Mowgli and his mates never called to the river as The Waingunga, they just called The River,
Narrative Structure
Film Elements of Narrative
Structure
Novel 1. The Jungle
2. The Peace Rock Setting
1. The Jungle
2. The Peace Rock/The Council Rock
1. Mowgli 2. Bagheera 3. Akela 4. Raksha 5. Shere Khan
6. Baloo Characters
1. Mowgli 2. Bagheera 3. Akela
4. Raksha (Mother Wolf) 5. Shere Khan
6. Baloo
1. Several wolves are having to dispute due to Shere Khan’s threat. Some of them wants Mowgli to get out from the Seeonee Pack.
2. Shere Khan fight against Mowgli and wanted to kill Mowgli.
Conflict
1. Shere Khan threatens to the Seeonee Pack about Mowgli.
2. Shere Khan fight against Mowgli in the jungle and wanted to kill Mowgli.
1. Shere Khan’s body was buried by the debris after fight against Mowgli in the jungle.
Climax
1. Shere Khan was buried by the debris until he can’t breathe after an epic battle with Mowgli.
1. The ending of the film shows The Seeone Pack accepted
Mowgli to be the member. Resolution
1. The ending of the story of the novel describes The Seeonee Pack accepted Mowgli to stay in the pack.
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(3) The Pit shows one of the places in the scene in “The Jungle Book Film 2016” when Mowgli rescues an elephant calf trapped in a pit while “The Jungle Book Novel 1894” there is no mention about the pit in all of the novel, because Mowgli in the novel never rescues an elephant calf in a pit. (4) The Cave shows one of the places in the scene in “The Jungle Book Film 2016” after Baloo saved Mowgli’s life from Shere Khan's pursuit, and Mowgli doesn’t know where he is, while “The Jungle Book Novel 1894” there is no mention about The Cave in all of the novel, because Baloo never told anyone where he lived in the cave and never saved Mowgli, and (5) The rains in the evening show one of the times in the scene in “The Jungle Book Film 2016” while
“The Jungle Book Novel 1894” there is no mention about The rains in the evening, because in the novel, there is no time to describe The rains in the evening, but during the afternoon.
Characters
Denton explains that this aspect includes people, animals, or other entities in the text. The similarities of characters in “The Jungle Book Film 2016” and “The Jungle Book 1894” are the researcher found 6 characters in common. Six characters are: (1) Mowgli, (2) Bagheera, (3) Akela, (4) Raksha, (5) Shere Khan, and (6) Baloo. There are 3 characters are different between “The Jungle Book Novel 1894” and “The Jungle Book 2016” : (1) Kaa has appeared in the film “The Jungle Book 2016” while in “The Jungle Book Novel 1894”
Kaa has not appeared, because in the novel, never told about Kaa as a giant snake that annoys Mowgli, (2) Louie has appeared as the King Bandar-Log in the film “The Jungle Book 2016” while in “The Jungle Book Novel 1894” Louie or The King Bandar-Log has not appeared, because in the novel, never told about Louie as the King Bandar-Log who wants the red flower, (3) Tabaqui has appeared as the secondary antagonist in the novel “The Jungle Book 1894” while in “The Jungle Book Film 2016” Tabaqui has not appeared, because Shere Khan does not have a fellow antagonist in the film, only he acts as an antagonist.
Conflict
Conflict is a problem between two or more opposing forces in a work of literature. The similarities of conflict in “The Jungle Book Film 2016 and “The Jungle Book Novel 1894” are: (1) Shere Khan did not agree with the presence of a man cub in the jungle, (2) Several Wolves are having dispute due to Shere Khan’s threat.
Some of them wants Mowgli to get out from the Seeonee pack, (3) Shere Khan wanted to kill Mowgli. As for the differences there are: (1) in “The Jungle Book Novel 1894” Shere Khan declare he is the leader of the Seeonee pack while in the film Shere Khan did not declare as the leader of the Seeonee pack, (2) in “The Jungle Book Film 2016” Louie wanted to have a red flower while in “The Jungle Book Novel 1894” there is no conflict about that things, because Louie never appears as a character at all, (3) Mowgli went to the human village in “The Jungle Book Novel 1894” while in “The Jungle Book Film 2016” Mowgli did not to come to the human village, because Mowgli decided to stay in the jungle.
Climax
Climax means an emotional high point of the story where the conflict is addressed. The similar thing between “The Jungle Book Film 2016” and “The Jungle Book Novel 1894” are Shere Khan’s body was burnt after Shere Khan fought against Mowgli in the jungle. As for the differences there are: (1) Shere Khan decided to kill Akela to force Mowgli back into the jungle in “The Jungle Book Film 2016” while in “The Jungle Book Novel 1894” Shere Khan did not kill Akela, (2) Shere Khan actually takes the Seeonee pack as a hostage to force Mowgli to come back into the jungle in “The Jungle Book Novel 1894” while in “The Jungle Book Film 2016” Shere Khan did not takes the Seeonee pack as a hostage, (3) Mowgli and Akela come back to the jungle to fight against Shere Khan in “The Jungle Book Novel 1894” while in “The Jungle Book Film 2016” Mowgli returns to the jungle alone, and Akela has been killed by Shere Khan, and (4) Kaa told to Mowgli about the man cub in the jungle, and Kaa was also told Mowgli about many years ago, he is found by Bagheera while in
“The Jungle Book Novel 1894” Kaa has not appeared.
Resolution
Resolution is the end of the story. It occurs after the climax. It is when you learn what happens to the characters after the conflict is resolved as a final outcome. A similar thing between “The Jungle Book Film 2016” and “The Jungle Book Novel 1894” is the Seeonee pack accepted Mowgli to be the member and stay in the pack. As for the differences there are: (1) “The Jungle Book Novel 1894”, before Shere Khan died, many of wolves are escape to anywhere, and after Shere Khan died, they come back to the jungle to meet Mowgli while in “The Jungle Book Film 2016” the Seeonee pack never escape to anywhere and still to stay in the jungle, and (2) Mowgli decided to be a man and getting married in “The Jungle Book Novel 1894” while in
“The Jungle Book Film 2016” Mowgli decided to stay in the jungle with the Seeonee pack.
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CONCLUSION
After explaining and identifying the narrative structures and their comparison, the researcher concluded that:
1. Using the narrative structures theory from Caroline Denton, The Jungle Book Novel 1894 has the most narrative structures occurred that The Jungle Book Film 2016. The Jungle Book Film 2016 has 22 and The Jungle Book has 23 narrative structures. 22 narrative structures captured in “The Jungle Book Film 2016” and 23 narrative structures captured in “The Jungle Book 1894” based on 11 Setting, 15 Characters, 8 Conflict, 6 Climax, and 5 Resolution. In “The Jungle Book Film 2016” there are: (1) 5 Setting, (2) 8 Characters, (3) 4 Conflict, (4) 3 Climax, (5) 2 Resolution. Meanwhile, in “The Jungle Book Novel 1894”
there are: (1) 6 Setting, (2) 7 Characters, (3) 4 Conflict, (4) 3 Climax, and (5) 3 Resolution.
2. There are 13 similarities found between The Jungle Book Film 2016 and The Jungle Book Novel 1894.
The similarities are compared based on the aspects of narrative structure consists of: (1) 2 in Setting, (2) 6 in Characters, (3) 3 in Conflict, (4) 1 in Climax, (5) 1 in Resolution. There are 17 differences found between The Jungle Book Film 2016 and The Jungle Book Novel 1894. The differences are compared based on the aspects of narrative structure consists of: (1) 5 in Setting, (2) 3 in Characters, (3) 3 in Conflict, (4) 4 in Climax, (5) 2 in Resolution.
The result of this research is using Caroline Denton (2007) narrative structure theory and comparative studies for the aspects of narrative structure. In this research, the researcher has solved two problems which are identifying the narrative structures, comparing, and looking for its relationship between The Jungle Book Film 2016 and The Jungle Book Novel 1894. It is indeed true, books and movies have several common things and yet have differences. They both give us the same story, but are viewed completely different. Reading books and watching movies are similar as they both tell a story and give details and information about the story.
Reading books or watching movies gives the reader and the viewer the same feeling and emotions about the story. People can feel gloomy or pleased with the story after reading a book or watching a movie. On the other hand, watching movies is easy and can save a lot of time. Usually a movie takes about two hours, while reading a book could take more than a week or even months for some readers. Individuals think perusing books and watching movies are the same, so they will watch the movie for their time 's sake. Also, watching movies provide superior picture about the story since it is visual and is within a short timeframe so, the audience can remember the story easier. To add more, you can complete a movie in one sitting while to complete a book, you have to work hard and give a lot time for it.
Moreover, due to the lack of narrative structure researching, the researcher would like to give some suggestions. They are:
1. Use this research as a reference for related study in the future.
2. Analyze a different aspect than the narrative structure in these two literary works.
3. Deepen the study of comparative and narrative structure.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Assalamu’alaikum warahmatullahiwabarakatuh
Thank you to Allah SWT for the favors and all the blessings so this thesis can be finished in time. This thesis is the final project in university to get a bachelor’s degree. The researcher believes that the success of this thesis is due to many assistances and supports from several parties, such as suggestion, criticsm, and others.
The researcher feels grateful to those who have helped the researcher completing this thesis. The researcher wishes to express his sincere appreciation to his supervisors, Prof. Dr. Sukardi Weda, S.S.,M.Hum.,P.h.D and Dr. La Sunra S.Pd.,M.Hum,. They have guided the researcher throughout the process of making this thesis with care. Without their help, this thesis won’t be finished and the main purpose of making this thesis is going to be lost. Big thanks also addressed to the examiners which are Dr. Abd. Halim,M.Hum. and Prof. Murni Mahmud, SPd.,M.Hum.,Ph.D..
The researcher also wants to say thanks to:
1. Prof. Dr. H. Husain Syam, M.TP, the Rector of State University of Makassar,
2. Prof. Dr. Syukur Saud, M.Pd, the Dean of Faculty of Languages and Literature, State University of Makassar,
3. Samtidar, S.Pd.,M.Ed.,TESOL.,Ed.D the Head of English Department,
4. Prof. Murni Mahmud, S.Pd.,M.Hum.,Ph.D, the Head of English Literature Study Program, and all of English lecturers, and Administrative Staff of Englsih Department, State University of Makassar,
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And the researcher wishes to acknowledge the support, love, and attention of his family, his mother, Hijriana;
and his father, alm. Muchlis Bakar Tatta. Thank you for being supportive so far for the researcher’s study in this university. They always prioritize the researcher’s study problems whether it’s financial or something else problems. The researcher wants to say big thanks to his besfriends; A. Muhammad Novri Dwi Putera Ihsan, Muhammad Maulidya Firjatullah, Muh. Fiqri Rezkyanto, Muh. Saddam Maingarang, Mappagiling Abdi Utama, Faris Rafi Fitrah Noor, Nur Alam, Muh. Rochmat Muchson Santoso, Muh. Fairus Darwis, Andi Ananda Humairah, Oviya Talitha, and Raenisa Maharani Faud for the supports that have been given throughout the process of making this thesis. This thesis can’t make it in time if it weren’t because of you. Thank you for becoming a place for the researcher to talk. Thank you for all the mental supports that the researcher needed.
Wassalamu’alaikum warahmatullahiwabarakatuh
