SOLID WASTE TREATMENT AND FINAL PROCESSING - KBI
Name : Muzakki Gusron Efendi Student ID Number : 2210942013
Lecturer : Dr. Eng Slamet Raharjo
Comparison of Solid Waste Management between City in Developing Country (Jakarta, Indonesia) and City in Developed Countries (San Fransisco, USA)
Parameter Unit Evaluation in San Fransisco Evaluation in Jakarta Technical Operational Aspects
Waste Reduction
% In 2012, the City of San Francisco
reached an 80% municipal solid waste diversion rate. This means that of the total material tossed by San Franciscans, only 20% ended up in a landfill. The remaining 80% was either recycled or composted
Only 7-10%. The rest end up in open dumping landfill
Sorting
San Francisco has tri-stream collection, a system dubbed the “fantastic three”
by the city.2 For all commercial and residential uses, three different bins are provided: one for waste for the landfill,another for recyclable materials, and a third for compostable material.
Limited Sorting at Source
Communal Waste Containment
Shared Bins in Multi-Unit Buildings:
Residents in apartment complexes typically use shared bins located in communal areas. These bins are regularly serviced, and clear signage is used to promote proper sorting.
Public Waste Bins: Public areas in San Francisco are equipped with separate bins for waste, recycling, and composting. Smart bins are used in
Communal Waste Sites: In many parts of Jakarta, especially in lower-income areas, waste is often collected in communal dumpsites or large containers that serve multiple households. These sites can be unsanitary and are prone to overflow.
Public Waste Bins: Public waste bins in Jakarta are fewer and less organized compared to San Francisco. Littering is
some areas to prevent overflow and optimize collection.
more common, and waste is often mixed rather than sorted.
Waste Collection
In San Francisco, waste collection is managed by Recology, with regular schedules varying by neighborhood.
Typically, garbage, recycling, and compost collection occur once a week.
If you live in San Francisco, you can check your specific collection day by entering your address on the Recology website
In Jakarta, waste collection services are generally managed by the local neighborhood authorities (RT/RW), and the frequency of collection can vary.
Typically, waste is collected daily or several times a week, depending on the area.
Residents are encouraged to separate their waste into organic and non-organic, although specific collection schedules can vary widely across different districts
Collection Tools
Three bin system (recyclable, compostable, landfill)
Automated Collection Trucks: The city uses automated side-loader trucks equipped with mechanical arms that can lift and empty the bins into the truck, which reduces the need for manual labor and increases efficiency.
Digital Tools and Apps: The city uses digital platforms and mobile apps like
“SF311” and “My Recology” to allow residents to report missed collections, schedule pickups, and get notifications on service changes
Manual Collection: Many areas in Jakarta still rely on manual collection, where workers collect waste from households using handcarts or small trucks. This is particularly common in densely populated areas where larger vehicles cannot access narrow streets.
Transfer Depots (TPS): Waste is often collected and transported to Temporary Waste Storage Sites (TPS) before being moved to larger facilities. These depots are scattered throughout the city.
Community Waste Banks: Some communities have established waste banks where residents can deposit recyclables in exchange for money or other incentives. This helps promote recycling and reduces the volume of waste sent to landfills
Landfill Methods
Liner Systems: San Francisco landfills, like the Altamont Landfill, use advanced multi-layered liner systems made from
Liner Systems: Jakarta’s primary landfill, Bantar Gebang, has more basic lining systems compared to those in San
high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and compacted clay to prevent leachate from contaminating the groundwater.
Leachate Collection: A comprehensive leachate collection system is installed to capture and manage leachate, which is then treated at specialized facilities.
Gas Collection: Landfills in San Francisco have gas collection systems to capture methane and other gases produced by decomposing waste. The collected methane is used for energy production, reducing greenhouse gas emissions
Francisco. The use of advanced liners is limited.
Leachate Management: Leachate collection systems exist but are less sophisticated and often less effective.
Some areas face challenges with leachate management, leading to potential environmental contamination.
Gas Collection: Gas collection systems are not as developed or widespread in Jakarta, leading to greater emissions of methane and other gases from landfills.
Landfill Facilities
Non Technical Aspect
Regulation Mandatory Recycling and Composting Ordinance
Zero Waste Program
Plastic Bag Reduction Ordinance
EPR
• Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2008 tentang Pengelolaan Sampah
• Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 81 Tahun 2012 tentang Pengelolaan Sampah Rumah Tangga dan Sampah Sejenis Sampah Rumah Tangga
Peraturan Daerah (Perda) Provinsi DKI Jakarta Nomor 3 Tahun 2013 tentang Pengelolaan Sampah
Institutional Framework
DPW, Recology, SFPUC DLH, PD Kebersihan
Funding Government and private sector Mostly by government Community
Participation
High, in the forms of recyling and composting
Mid in the form of gotong royong
Improving solid waste management in Jakarta by drawing on practices from San Francisco could involve several key strategies:
1. Implement a Comprehensive Waste Separation System
- Three-Bin System: Adopt a three-bin system similar to San Francisco’s, where waste is separated into landfill, recycling, and composting. This system helps streamline waste processing and encourages proper sorting.
- Standardized Bins: Provide standardized bins to households and businesses to ensure consistent waste separation.
2. Enhance Public Education and Engagement
- Awareness Campaigns: Launch extensive public education campaigns on waste reduction, recycling, and composting. Utilize various media channels and community outreach to reach different segments of the population.
- School Programs: Integrate waste management education into school curriculums to foster responsible waste practices from a young age.
3. Strengthen Regulatory Framework and Enforcement
- Clear Regulations: Develop and enforce clear regulations for waste separation, recycling, and composting. Establish penalties for non-compliance to ensure adherence to waste management practices.
-Regular Audits: Conduct regular audits and inspections to monitor compliance and effectiveness of waste management programs.
4. Improve Infrastructure and Technology
- Upgrade Landfills: Invest in advanced landfill technologies, including modern liners, leachate collection systems, and gas recovery systems to reduce environmental impact.
- Smart Bins: Implement smart bin technologies to monitor fill levels and optimize waste collection routes, similar to those used in San Francisco.
5. Develop Recycling and Composting Facilitie
- Expand Facilities: Increase the number and capacity of recycling and composting facilities to handle more waste and reduce reliance on landfills.
- Support Programs: Provide incentives and support for businesses and communities to participate in recycling and composting programs.
6. Integrate Informal Sector
- Formalization: Work towards formalizing the informal waste sector by providing support and integrating waste pickers into the formal waste management system.
- Training and Resources: Offer training and resources to informal waste workers to improve their efficiency and safety.
7. Enhance Waste Collection Efficiency
- Optimize Routes: Use technology to optimize waste collection routes and schedules, reducing operational costs and environmental impact.
- Increase Frequency: Adjust the frequency of waste collection in high-density or high-need areas to prevent overflow and improve sanitation.
8. Promote Waste Reduction Initiatives
- Zero Waste Goals: Set ambitious waste reduction goals, similar to San Francisco’s zero waste target, and develop strategies to achieve these goals.
- Public Incentives: Provide incentives for reducing waste generation, such as rewards for businesses and households that achieve significant reductions.
9. Strengthen Institutional Framework
- Centralized Coordination: Improve coordination among different government agencies and stakeholders involved in waste management to ensure a cohesive and effective approach.
-Community Involvement: Engage local communities in decision-making and implementation processes to ensure that waste management programs meet local needs and conditions.
Reference
San Francisco Department of Environment, "Zero Waste by 2020"
Jakarta Provincial Government, "Peraturan Daerah tentang Pengelolaan Sampah"
Lily Baum Pollans. 2012. Greening Infrastructural Services: The Case of Waste Management in San Francisco. MIT Department of Urban Studies and Planning
