Elsewhere, Hamilton explains, "The only access we have to the interpretive perspective of the biblical authors is what they wrote." Hamilton, With the Clouds of Heaven, 21. Beale, New Testament Biblical Theology: The Unfolding of the Old Testament in the New (Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2011), 15. Beale, Handbook on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament (Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2012), 40.
At the heart of the gospel is the person of Jesus Christ; he is the Word of God made flesh. Wellum, Kingdom through Covenant: A Biblical-Theological Understanding of the Covenants (Wheaton, IL: Crossway emphasis original). The following resources provide a foundation for exploring and establishing a biblical-theological understanding of the Kingdom of God in the Book of the Twelve.
The third category is Old Testament or Whole Bible biblical theologies that interact with the Book of the Twelve. The fourth is works that address and/or indirectly relate to the structure and interpretation of the Book of the Twelve.
Exegetical Works and Commentaries Exploring the
The second, where the preponderance of sources is found, contains works that focus on the Minor Prophets as individual books with little or no consideration or agreement about their overall unity. In The Unity of the Twelve, 22 Paul House first provides a brief history of the interpretation of the Minor Prophets and then explores the genre, structure, plot, use of characters, and point of view of the book(s).23. In The Message of the Twelve: Hearing the Voice of the Minor Prophets, 24 Richard Alan Fuhr Jr.
The second part, and the bulk of the book, then comments on the Twelve book by book. In Reading the Later Prophets, 25 Edgar Conrad focuses on reading the body of prophetic literature rather than focusing on a single prophetic book. Attention is given to the importance and implications of the order and arrangement of the prophetic books for reading.
He concludes the book with "Reading the Twelve in the Light of the Major Prophets." 26.
Exegetical Works and Commentaries on Select
In The New International Commentary on the Old Testament30 series, eleven of the twelve minor prophets are covered over five volumes (Amos is not covered): Hosea by John Andrew Dearman; Joel, Obadiah, Jonah and Micah by Leslie C. The authors of the volumes are as follows; David Allen Hubbard authored two volumes: Hosea, Joel and Amos, T. 30 John Andrew Dearman, The Book of Hosea, New International Commentary on the Old Testament (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010); Leslie C.
Verhoef, The Books of Haggai and Malachi, New International Commentary on the Old Testament (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1987); Mark J. Boda, The Book of Zacharia, New International Commentary on the Old Testament (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2016). Baker, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah: An Introduction and Survey, Tyndale Old Testament Commentaries (Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic, 2009); Andreas E.
Hill, Haggai, Zachariah, Malachi: An Introduction and Survey, Tyndale Old Testament Commentaries (Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic, 2012). The series seeks to explore the historical and cultural contexts of biblical books based on sociological and literary criticism.
Biblical Theologies
Andersen; Zephaniah Adele Berlin; Haggai, Zechariah 1-8 Carol and Eric Meyers; Zechariah 9–14 by Carol and Eric Meyers and Malachi Andrew E. In The King in His Beauty: A Biblical Theology of the Old and New Testaments, 36 Thomas R. House follows the themes as they unfold through the text, showing the unity of the Old commitments.
Encyclopedic Resources and Other Works
In Introduction to the Old Testament as Scripture 41, Brevard Childs has authored a seminal work that explores the historical critical issues, canonical form, and theological and hermeneutical implications for each section of the Tanakh. The Book of the Twelve fits into a unique place within the larger framework of the Bible.
The Canonical-Literary Setting of the Twelve
In canonical order, the Twelve stand at the end of the second section, the Prophets, which consists of eight books.46 These eight books are further divided into two sections of four books each, the earlier and later prophets.47 The Last Prophets . contain the Books of Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel and the Twelve. Thus, the Book of the Twelve closes the section of the Later Prophets and closes the gap in the third and final section, the Scriptures.
The Book of the Twelve (Textual Horizon)
Where there are no key words, there are sometimes thematic connections.”49 Stephen Dempster refers to the individual prophetic works as “chapters” rather than books in the overall structure of the Book of the Twelve.50. From another point of view, The Book of the Twelve can be considered a "thematic anthology".51 Linguistic and thematic links "stitch" the books together and form a single literary piece. Dempster synthesizes: "Not every prophet in this collection foretells all these events, but the whole combination presents a more panoramic view of the future than is found in the earlier prophets."52 Put another way, the "voice" of the twelve minor prophets unifies them in their diversity with literary threads that bind them together.
The Twelve in Relation to the Former and Latter
Dempster notes: "The Book of the Twelve concludes the prophetic commentary."54 Thus, the Twelve continue God's poetic commentary that began in Isaiah. The last three books of the twelve, Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi, also provide a unique commentary on the post-exilic events recorded at the end of the writings, especially Ezra and Nehemiah. The Twelve advances and adds to the concepts, ideas, and themes found in the earlier books of the Latter Prophets.
Using the "analogy of Scripture," Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel provide the literary background and context for the Book of the Twelve. Thus, no reading of the Twelve is complete without reference to these earlier prophetic books.
The Twelve in Relation to Tanak (Epochal Horizon)
At the same time, God also predicts (prophetically and typologically) what he will achieve in the coming days ("sneak peaks"). In this sense, the Book of the Twelve looks backward and forward in God's unfolding plan of salvation.
The Twelve in Relation to the Canon
BIBLICAL-THEOLOGICAL METHOD AND THE CANONICAL
THE COMPOSITIONAL UNITY OF THE TWELVE: HISTORICAL
GREAT DAVID’S GREATER SON: DAVIDIC KINGSHIP IN THE
For the day of the Lord is near, and it is coming like destruction from the Almighty" (Joel 1:15). 3. The Book of the Twelve ends with the final proclamation of the day of the Lord. The prophet Joel initiates the eschatological Day of the Lord in the Book of the Twelve.
The Day of the Lord is necessary, supports God's covenant justice, and will be glorified in it. This statement by Obadiah suggests that the day of the Lord ultimately refers to the kingdom of God. Peter indicates that the crowd is witnessing the redemptive aspect of the day of the Lord.
God's justice allows no escape from the day of the Lord except those found in the Son. The threat of the completion of the day of the Lord upon unrepentant sinners remains.
EXILE AND THE SECOND EXODUS IN THE TWELVE
COVENANT IN THE TWELVE
THE DAY OF THE LORD IN THE TWELVE
