Data Spasial dan Komponen Data Spasia

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Teknik Geomatika | Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

CM224422 – Sistem Informasi Geografis

Data Spasial dan

Komponen Data Spasial

Cherie Bhekti Pribadi

[email protected]

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Materi Perkuliahan

Minggu Sub-CPMK Materi

1 Konsep dan definisi Sistem Informasi Geografis Definisi SIG 2-3 Sistem penyimpanan data spasial serta komponen data

dalam Sistem Informasi Geografis

Data Spasial

Komponen Data Spasial 4-5 Format data dalam Sistem Informasi Geografis Format Data

Sumber Data Kualitas Data

6-7 Integrasi Data Spasial Referensi Data Spasial

Integrasi Data Spasial

8 Evaluasi Tengah Semester Materi Minggu 1-7

9-10 Perbedaan antar masing-masing data dalam format Sistem Informasi Geografis

Fitur Data Spasial 11-12 Konversi data spasial serta metode konversi yang

digunakan

Konversi Data Spasial

Metode Konversi Data Spasial 13 Proses konversi data dalam pengolahan data spasial Proses Konversi Data Spasial 14 Proses topologi data spasial beserta struktur data dalam

Sistem Informasi Geografis

Definisi Topologi Struktur Data Spasial 15 Basis data atribut dalam Sistem Informasi Geografis Basis Data Atribut

16 Evaluasi Akhir Semester Materi Minggu 8-16

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Spatial Data

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Definitions Spatial data

• Spatial data are data that have a spatial

component, it means that data are connected to a place in the Earth.

GIS

• A Geographic Information System integrates

hardware, software, data, and people to capture, manipulate, analyse and display all forms of

geographically referenced information or spatial data.

• A GIS allows see, understand, consult and

interpret data to reveal relationships, patterns and trends.

Definition

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GIS and Statistic Offices Why use GIS?

• Most of the human activities are linked directly or indirectly to location.

• There is an assumption that up to 80% of all activities is linked to location.

• Statistics are related to territory and it means that they could be linked to a specific location à they are spatial data

• GIS adds value to the traditional “table based”

statistics.

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Three different potential users of spatial data

1. Advanced GIS users à researchers, experts

2. Statisticians, who do not use GIS tools but use statistical tools

3. Ordinary users with no GIS experience

Dissemination of Spatial Data

Area of Study Spatial Query result

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Advanced GIS users, researchers, experts

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Statisticians, who do not use GIS tools but use statistical tools

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Ordinary users with no GIS experience

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Components GIS

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Component of GIS

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Network

Today, the most fundamental component of GIS is probably the network. Without rapid development of IT, the network, there is no rapid communication or sharing of digital information could occur, except between a small group of people crowded around a computer monitor (Goodchild et al., 2005).

The rapidly growing application of Web GIS has the following capabilities:

a. Displaying static maps which users can pan or zoom whilst online

b. Creating user-defined maps online which are in turn used to generate reports and new maps from data on a server

c. Integrating users ‘local data with data from the Internet;

d. Providing data that are kept secure at the server site;

e. Providing maps through high-speed intranets within organizations

f. Providing maps and data across the Internet to a

global audience

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Hardware

The essential hardware elements for effective GIS operations include:

a. The presence of a processor with sufficient power to run the software b. Sufficient memory for the storage and backup of large volumes of data c. A good quality, high resolution colour graphics screen or monitor

d. Data input and output devices, like keyboards, printers and plotters

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Hardware

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Software

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Software

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Software

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Data input

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Data pre-processing/ processing

The essential pre-processing procedures include:

a. Format conversion such as geo-referencing with geometric correction and

resampling, data generalization, and reduction (i.e. converting of GPS points into feature classes),

b. Error detection and editing, edge matching and tiling, c. Merging of points into lines, and lines into polygons, d. Merging data storage and database management.

e. Rectification/registration, interpolation, and photo-interpretation.

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Data storage and database management

An ideal GIS DBMS should provide support for multiple users and multiple databases to allow efficient

updating, minimize redundant information and data independence, security and integrity.

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Data analysis and modelling

The operational classes of GIS can be grouped as:

a. Retrieval, (re)-classification, and measurement functions

b. Overlay operations involve the combination of two or more datasets.

c. Connectivity operations include contiguity, proximity, network, and spread operators ✓Neighborhood functions include search

operations, topographic function, and interpolation.

d. Modeling involves simplified representation and prediction of the

reality (e.g. a land use map).

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Data output

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People or expert

People are the key components of GIS, without which, nothing else would work or the GIS will be useless

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Procedures or method

This component incorporates the following functions:

a. Methods and procedures of data collection, encoding and storage in the GIS database,

b. Methods and procedures of data quality assurance/verification to make sure that all data are correct, consistent, correct and up-to-date for analysis

c. Methods and procedures of data manipulation and query,

d. Methods and procedures of data preparation and transformation of different sources,

e. Techniques of data retrieval, operation, analysis, representation, presentation, and

dissemination; and so on.

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