TUGAS AKHIR Diajukan kepada Program Studi Biologi, Fakultas Biologi guna memenuhi sebagian dari persyaratan untuk mencapai gelar Sarjana Sains (Biologi) Fakultas Biologi Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana Salatiga 2022

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Pertumbuhan dan Akumulasi Cr⁶⁺ pada Tagetes erecta L. dalam Media Tanm Mengandung Sulfat (SO42-) dan Kromium (CrO42-)

(Growth and Accumulation of Cr⁶⁺ in Tagetes erecta L.in Growing Media Sulfate (SO42-) and Chromate (CrO42-)

Oleh:

Gabriella L. Mataradja NIM: 412018027

TUGAS AKHIR

Diajukan kepada Program Studi Biologi, Fakultas Biologi guna memenuhi sebagian dari persyaratan untuk mencapai gelar Sarjana Sains (Biologi)

Fakultas Biologi

Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana Salatiga

2022

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iii ABSTRAC

Chromium is a heavy metal that is toxic, bioaccumulative, persistent, and cannot be decomposed in the environment. The Cr⁶⁺ ion is a chromium ion that has the highest toxicity among other chromium ions, so its presence in the environment is hazardous for plants, animals, and humans. Sulfur is an essential element for plants, whose presence can reduce Cr⁶⁺

concentrations in the terrestrial environment by inhibiting the uptake of Cr⁶⁺ by plants. Tagetes erecta is a bioremediation agent plant that can remediate land polluted with Cr⁶⁺ waste. In this research, we studied the growth of T. erecta in media polluted with Cr⁶⁺ and sulfate and its ability to accumulate Cr⁶⁺. Several parameters observe in this experiment, i.e. growth parameters, namely plant height, number of leaves, number of flowers measured at the end of the study, dry weight, root length, and Cr⁶⁺ concentration estimated using the diphenylcarbasid method.

The results showed that the plant height of T. erecta. was not significantly different, and sulfate addition did not affect plant height. The addition of sulfate affected the number of leaves and flowers, dry weight of root shoots, root length, and Cr⁶⁺ content in T. erecta. polluted with Cr⁶⁺. so that in these parameters, there was a significant difference in the addition of Cr⁶⁺ and sulfate on growth of T. erecta and its ability to Cr accumulation.

Keywords: Cr⁶⁺, sulfate, bioaccumulation, Tagetes erecta

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ABSTRAK

Kromium merupakan logam berat yang bersifat toksik, bioakumulatif, persisten, dan tidak dapat terurai di lingkungan. Ion Cr⁶⁺ merupakan ion kromium yang memiliki toksisitas paling tinggi di antara ion kromium lainnya, sehingga keberadaannya di lingkungan berbahaya bagi tumbuhan, hewan, dan manusia. Belerang merupakan unsur esensial bagi tanaman, yang keberadaannya dapat menurunkan konsentrasi Cr⁶⁺ di lingkungan darat dengan cara menghambat penyerapan Cr⁶⁺ oleh tanaman. Tagetes erecta merupakan tanaman agen bioremediasi yang dapat meremediasi lahan tercemar limbah Cr6+. Pada penelitian ini dipelajari pertumbuhan T. erecta pada media yang tercemar Cr⁶⁺ dan sulfat serta kemampuannya mengakumulasi Cr⁶⁺. Beberapa parameter yang diamati dalam percobaan ini yaitu parameter pertumbuhan yaitu tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah bunga yang diukur pada akhir penelitian, berat kering, panjang akar, dan konsentrasi Cr⁶⁺ yang diduga menggunakan metode difenilkarbasid. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tinggi tanaman T. erecta. tidak berbeda nyata, dan penambahan sulfat tidak mempengaruhi tinggi tanaman. Penambahan sulfat berpengaruh terhadap jumlah daun dan bunga, berat kering pucuk akar, panjang akar, dan kandungan Cr⁶⁺ pada T. erecta. tercemar Cr^6+. sehingga pada parameter tersebut terdapat perbedaan yang nyata pada penambahan Cr⁶⁺

dan sulfat terhadap pertumbuhan T. erecta dan kemampuannya dalam mengakumulasi Cr.

Kata kunci: Cr^6+,, sulfat, bioakumulasi, Tagetes erecta

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v

Table of Contenct

Title Page... i

Lembar Pengesahan ... ii

Abstract ... iii

Table of Contents ... v

List of Figure ... vi

Table ... vii

I. Introduction ... 1

II. Research Methods ... 3

II.a. Preparation of T. erecta seedlings ... 3

II.b. Preparation of the treatment solution ... 3

II.c. Plant Growth Maintenance ... 4

II.d. Parameter measurement and data analysis ... 4

III. Result and Discussions ... 5

The effect of Cr and sulfate on the growth of T. erecta ... 5

Cr content in the roots and shoots of Tagetes erecta ... 12

IV. CONCLUSIONS ... 15

V. ACKNOWLEDGMENT ... 16

VI. REFERENCES ... 17

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List of Figure

Figure 1. Plant height of T. erecta with combination treatment of Cr⁶⁺ in the form of K2CrO4 ... 5

Figure 2. The number of leaves T. erecta with combination treatment of Cr⁶⁺ in the form of K2CrO4 ... 6

Figure 3. The root length of T. erecta with combination treatment of Cr⁶⁺ in the form of K2CrO4 ... 7

Figure 4. The root of Tagetes erecta with combination treatment of Cr⁶⁺ in the form of K2CrO4 ... 8

Figure 5. The number of flowers T. erecta with combination treatment of Cr⁶⁺ in the form of K2CrO4 ... 8

Figure 6. The plant growth of T. erecta on media with combination treatments of Cr⁶⁺ in the form of K2CrO4 ... 9

Figure 7. The root dry weight of T. erecta with combination treatment of Cr⁶⁺ in the form of K2CrO4 ... 10

Figure 8. The shoot dry weight of T. erecta with combination treatment of Cr⁶⁺ in the form of K2CrO4 ... 11

Figure 9. Cr⁶⁺content ofroot T. erecta with combination treatment of Cr⁶⁺ in the form of K2CrO4 ... 12

Figure 10. Cr⁶⁺content ofshoot T. erecta with combination treatment of Cr⁶⁺ in the form of K2CrO4 ... 13

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vii

Table

Table 1. Experimental design with Cr⁶⁺ and SO42- treatments ... 3