2 SKS | Semester 7 | UNIKOM
Nizar Rabbi Radliya
nizar@email.unikom.ac.id
Database
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SQL
Universitas Komputer Indonesia | 18191
Database / Basis Data
1. Menghimpun data yang terkait atau saling berhubungan
2. Kumpulan data tersebut terorganisasi dengan aturan tertentu 3. Data tersebut dapat digunakan untuk menghasilkan informasi
Kumpulan file/tabel yang saling berhubungan dan disimpan pada media elektronik
Contoh Relasi Tabel di dalam Database
tbMember idMember*
namaMember usernameMember passwordMember eMail
noTelepon alamat kota provinsi kodePos
tbBarang kodeBarang*
namaBarang stokBarang gambarBarang
tbHargaBarang kodeHargaBarang*
hargaBarang
tbPenjualan noFaktur*
tanggalPesan tanggalBayar noRekening pemilikRekening idStatus**
idMember**
idUser**
tbDetailPenjualan noFaktur**
kodeBarang**
kodeHargaBarang**
jumlahBarang
tbTestimonial idTestimonial*
isiTestimonial tglTestimonial stsTestimonial idMember**
tbBerita idBerita*
judulBerita isiBerita tglBerita idUser**
tbUser idUser*
username password email nama jabatan idAkses**
1-N
1-N 1-N
1-N
1-N
1-N 1-N
tbAkses idAkses*
hakAkses tbStatusPenjualan
idStatus*
statusPenjualan
1-N 1-N
Universitas Komputer Indonesia | 18191
12 JK
26 AS
78 BB
45 RP
DATA D DATA C DATA A
10 A 78
20 E 45
30 U 12
40 O 26
DATA B DATA C
JK ?
AS ?
BB ?
RP ?
NIP NAMA DOSEN
107 BAMBANG
115 HERWAN
116 DODI
120 NANI
NIM NAMA MHS NIP
234 ANDIN 120
235 ERLAN 115
236 ULIL 107
237 OKAN 116
NAMA MHS NAMA DOSEN
ANDIN ?
ERLAN ?
ULIL ?
OKAN ?
Universitas Komputer Indonesia | 18191
Elemen Database
1. Tabel 2. Kolom 3. Baris 4. Kunci
Sistem Basis Data
Database
Software DBMS
User
Universitas Komputer Indonesia | 18191
Introduction to SQL
SQL is a standard language for accessing and manipulating databases.
What is SQL?
1. SQL stands for Structured Query Language
2. SQL lets you access and manipulate databases
3. SQL is an ANSI (American National Standards Institute) standard
Introduction to SQL
What Can SQL do?
1. SQL can execute queries against a database 2. SQL can retrieve data from a database
3. SQL can insert records in a database 4. SQL can update records in a database 5. SQL can delete records from a database 6. SQL can create new databases
7. SQL can create new tables in a database
8. SQL can create stored procedures in a database 9. SQL can create views in a database
10. SQL can set permissions on tables, procedures, and views
Universitas Komputer Indonesia | 18191
Introduction to SQL
Using SQL in Your Web Site
To build a web site that shows data from a database, you will need:
1. An RDBMS database program (i.e. MS Access, SQL Server, MySQL) 2. To use a server-side scripting language, like PHP or ASP
3. To use SQL to get the data you want 4. To use HTML / CSS to style the page
Universitas Komputer Indonesia | 18191
SQL SELECT Statement
The SELECT statement is used to select data from a database.
The data returned is stored in a result table, called the result-set.
SELECT Syntax:
SELECT column1, column2, ...
FROM table_name;
The SELECT statement is used to select data from a database.
The data returned is stored in a result table, called the result-set.
SELECT Syntax:
SELECT * FROM table_name;
SQL WHERE Clause
The WHERE clause is used to filter records.
The WHERE clause is used to extract only those records that fulfill a specified condition.
SELECT column1, column2, ...
FROMtable_name WHERE condition;
Universitas Komputer Indonesia | 18191
SQL AND, OR and NOT Operators
The WHERE clause can be combined with AND, OR, and NOT operators.
The AND and OR operators are used to filter records based on more than one condition:
1. The AND operator displays a record if all the conditions separated by AND is TRUE.
2. The OR operator displays a record if any of the conditions separated by OR is TRUE.
The NOT operator displays a record if the condition(s) is NOT TRUE.
SELECT column1,column2, ...
FROM table_name
WHERE condition1 AND condition2 OR NOT condition3 ...;
SQL ORDER BY Keyword
The ORDER BY keyword is used to sort the result-set in ascending or descending order.
The ORDER BY keyword sorts the records in ascending order by default. To sort the records in descending order, use the DESC keyword.
SELECT column1, column2, ...
FROMtable_name
ORDER BY column1, column2, ... ASC|DESC;
Universitas Komputer Indonesia | 18191
SQL INSERT INTO Statement
The INSERT INTO statement is used to insert new records in a table.
It is possible to write the INSERT INTO statement in two ways.
The first way specifies both the column names and the values to be inserted:
If you are adding values for all the columns of the table, you do not need to specify the column names in the SQL query. However, make sure the order of the values is in the same order as the columns in the table. The INSERT INTO syntax would be as follows:
INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3, ...) VALUES (value1, value2, value3, ...);
INSERT INTO table_name
VALUES (value1, value2, value3, ...);
SQL UPDATE Statement
The UPDATE statement is used to modify the existing records in a table.
Note: Be careful when updating records in a table! Notice the WHERE clause in the UPDATE statement. The WHERE clause specifies which record(s) that should be updated. If you omit the WHERE clause, all records in the table will be updated!
UPDATE table_name
SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2, ...
WHERE condition;
Universitas Komputer Indonesia | 18191
SQL DELETE Statement
The DELETE statement is used to delete existing records in a table.
Note: Be careful when deleting records in a table! Notice the WHERE clause in the DELETE statement. The WHERE clause specifies which record(s) that should be deleted. If you omit the WHERE clause, all records in the table will be deleted!
DELETE FROMtable_name WHERE condition;
SQL Joins
A JOIN clause is used to combine rows from two or more tables, based on a related column between them.
Here are the different types of the JOINs in SQL:
(INNER) JOIN: Returns records that have matching values in both tables
LEFT (OUTER) JOIN: Return all records from the left table, and the matched records from the right table RIGHT (OUTER) JOIN: Return all records from the right table, and the matched records from the left table FULL (OUTER) JOIN: Return all records when there is a match in either left or right table
Universitas Komputer Indonesia | 18191
