ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
EFFECT OF CHEMICALLY TREATED WOOD COAL ON THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF TOMATO (RIO GRANDE)
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
- Objectives of the study
Most of the foreign exchange in the country is also earned through agriculture (Raza et al., 2012). The use of decaying products of animals and plants to fertilize fields has been one of the ancient techniques (FAO 2006; Ghany et al., 2013). It improves the production capacity of the field making the farmers more prosperous in a short time (Stephen et al., 2014).
However, frequent use of mineral fertilizers creates problems in the field structure and nutritional properties of the product (Jonas et al., 2012; Belay and Tedla 2003). The mineral fertilizers are reported to reduce the aroma and taste of the crop products (Goyal et al., 1999; Phat 2011). Therefore, in this context, coal becomes the necessary importance for its uses as a fertilizer (Oh et al., 2014).
This may be due to heavy accumulation of carbon or other unwanted minerals in the soil or plants (Seshadri et al., 2010). These heavy metals infiltrate the soil or compost mixed with coal ash (Barman et al., 1999).
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Karen et al., (2014) used commercially prepared humate containing humus + macromineral from lignite on pasture with different soil beds. Shahmaleki et al., (2014) investigated the effect of humic acid on the physiochemical properties of tomato plants. Rahmat et al., (2010) evaluated the effect of humic acid on cereal crops with nitrogen fertilizers.
Sajid et al., (2013) studied the effect of foliar application of micro and macro minerals on the agronomic traits of tomato plants. Naga et al., (2013) also studied the effect of foliar application on yield and quality parameter of tomato cultivar. Mittra et al., (2005) studied the effect of alkaline fly ash on rice and peanut crops.
Kalra et al., (1998) studied the effect of fly ash on soil and cereal crop physiochemical properties. Calahorro et al., (1987) observed the effect of acid treatments on the physical properties of coal (bituminous).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
- Wood Coal Product Quality Parameters
- Soil Organic Carbon (SOC)
- Soil Total Nitrogen
- Soil pH, EC and Acidity
- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANTS
- Plant Height (cm)
- Leaf Area (cm 2 )
- Number of Leaves Plant -1 and Number of Leaflets Plant -1
- Number of Branches Plant -1
- Number of Flowers Plant -1
- Number of Fruits Plant -1
- CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANTS .1 Proximate Composition
- Chlorophyll Analysis
- Lycopene Analysis
- Statistical Analysis
The data regarding physical and chemical parameters of the produce, soil and tomato plants and fruits were recorded and presented in the results discussion section. Total soil N content for each treatment was determined calorimetrically, according to the Kjeldahl procedure (B emmer and Mulvaney, 1982). 20 ml of the digestate was distilled in the presence of 5 ml of 40% NaOH solution and 5 ml of mixed boric acid indicator.
Soil water suspension of 1:5 was used to measure soil pH using a pH meter (Mc-Clean, 1984). Plant height was measured at each treatment and at each replicate using a tape measure, from the soil level to the top of the plant, and averaged. The number of leaves of plant-1 and the number of leaves of plant-1 were recorded (with an interval of 15 days from transplantation to harvesting of the crop).
The number of branches plant-1 was recorded (at 15 days interval started from transplanting to harvest of crops). The cuvette was washed and filled with the upper layer of the biphasic sample.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
- pH and EC of the Products
- EC, Acidity and Total Nitrogen of Soil
- Plant Characteristics
- Proximate composition
The difference between the total nitrogen values of the treated soils was statistically significant (P<0.05). The data showed that higher values of total nitrogen were given by the products in which nitric acid was present. In the second interval, the lowest plant height (12.63 cm) was recorded in the plants grown in untreated soil, while the maximum height (25.37 cm) was found in plants treated with F. In the second interval, the lowest average number was recorded flowers (0.67 cm) measured. ) was recorded in the plants grown in CF, while the maximum average number of flowers was found in plants treated with SP, namely 13.7.
Similarly, the lowest mean number of flowers in the fourth interval (1.00) in the CF-treated plant, while the In the second interval, the lowest average number of fruits of 0.33 was recorded in plants grown in CSP and the highest average number of fruits in plants treated with CNP was 4.00. The lower ash content was found in the plant treated with N, while the highest content was found in the plant treated with FNS.
The ash content of the leaves after harvest was in the range of 3.08% that was found in the NP treatment while the highest amount (3.98%) was detected in the N. Soil which was used as a control in the study, while the highest amount ( Is observed 0.093 mg/Kg. The lowest amount (0.027mg/Kg) of Ni was detected in soil applied with CFNSP product while the highest amount (1.046 mg/Kg) was present in soil treated with CP product.
Variation in soil minerals may be due to the minerals present in the products (Tranaviciene et al., 2008). The minimum content of P (0.08 mg/Kg) was determined in fruits applied with CNP product, while the maximum content (0.20 mg/Kg) of phosphorus was present in fruits born on plants treated with CS product. The Na content in fruits varied from 6.10 to 13.10 mg/kg, with the lowest amount (6.10 mg/kg) found in fruits applied with SP product, while the highest amount (13.10 mg/kg kg) were detected in fruits from plants treated with CFNS product.
The lowest level (0.01 mg/Kg) of Pb, a highly toxic metal, was found in fruits born on plants treated with CNSP product while the highest amount (1.13 mg/Kg) was detected in fruits of applied with CNP product. The lowest amount of Zn (0.03mg/kg) was determined in plants applied with NP product while the highest amount of Zn (0.19mg/Kg) was detected in plants treated with product 'C'. The least amount of phosphorus was observed in plants grown in untreated soil (U. Soil) while the greatest amount was present in plants treated with NSP and NP products respectively.
The data showed that Na was moved to the above-ground part of the plants, which may be due to the nature of Na itself (Goldin et al., 2013). The overall effect of products and controls on Na content of treated tomato plants was also significant (P<0.05) showing a range from 8.25 to 16.30 mg/kg Na. The least amount (8.25 mg/kg) of Na was detected in plants grown in untreated soil (control), while the.
After Mean
- SUMMARY
- CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Table-25: Effect of charcoal products on the content of manganese (mgKg-1) in tomato varieties at different intervals. Table-26: Effect of charcoal products on the phosphorus content (mgKg-1) in tomato varieties at different intervals. Table-27: Effect of charcoal products on the sodium content (mgKg-1) in the tomato variety at different intervals.
Table-28: Effect of charcoal products on the content of potassium (mgKg-1) in tomato varieties at different intervals. Table-29: Effect of charcoal products on the lead content (mgKg-1) in tomato varieties at different intervals. The maximum amount of Zn (0.11 mg/Kg) was present in leaves from plants sampled after harvest (L. After). The highest amount of Cu content (0.07 mg/Kg) was sampled in leaves sampled after and before harvest (L). .After and L.Before).
Effect of foliar application of micronutrients on growth and yield components of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Karnataka J. Bledsoe, R.W. and C.H.Henry.1950. Effect of mineral deficiency on vegetative growth, flower and fruit production, and mineral composition of the peanut plant. Interactive effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and zinc on growth and yield of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum).
Effect of foliar application of micronutrients on yield characteristics and yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill). Effect of foliar application of micronutrients on growth and yield components of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.).Kar. The effect of foliar application with humic acid on the growth, yield and yield components of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) J.
Effect of Humic Acid and Calcium Carbide on Growth and Yield of Tomato ISBN Recent Advances in Urban Planning, Sustainable Development and Green Energy. The effect of different levels of humic acid and potassium fertilizers on physiological indices of growth. Effect of zinc and boron on growth, yield and quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum.Mill) cv.
Effect of fly ash filtered sludge mixture on soil properties and yield and quality of radish. Effect of biochar and crop copra on growth and yield of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentus Mill) in Jos, North Central Nigeria.Curr.
APPENDICES
CONTROLS AND TREATMENTS
The seedlings were transplanted into the medium-sized pots filled with soil at a rate of approx. 2.5 kg/pot. Charcoal was treated with acid and base solutions alone or in combinations in an amount of 50 g charcoal / 200 ml solutions.
APPENDIX-II
APPENDIX-III
