ABSTRACT
L. After Mean
V. SUMMARY
Wood coal is now treated with chemical to change it in soluble products. The very important product in this respect is humic acids. Humic acid the soluble product of coal, which is obtained by alternatively treating the coal with acids and bases. The humic acid is basic ingredient of the decay processed fertilizers. It is a quick available carbon source for the plants. Different studies showed that it enhance the crop production very effectively and also reduce the application of other fertilizers.
However, Humic alone cannot fulfill the need of crops, because it has no nitrogen content in its composition. So the use of nitrogen fertilizers is necessary with the application of humic acids. Humic acid production is also an expensive process, which can reduce the use of humic acids. Coal digestion with acid or alkali can improve its mineral availability to the plants. Coal used as fertilizer in integrated with organic (coal or manure) and inorganic fertilizers not only increase each other efficiency, but can help in the substitution of chemical fertilizers.
Wood coal, obtained from local shops, was treated (25g coal/100 mL solution) with dilute solutions of commercial grade HCl (4%), HNO3 (15%) & H2SO4 (4%), KOH (5%) and NaOH (5%) individually and with all possible combinations of the solutions. Thirty two treatments of wood coal so obtained were applied in diluted form (10mL of product solution/100mL of distilled water) to the same number of medium sized pot sets (3 pots per set) containing plant of tomato Rio Grande Variety at start, mid and last stages of growth. Along with 32 sets of products, 5 sets of pots were used as control, where NPK, humic acid, wood coal, farm yard manure and untreated soil. Various Physical and chemical parameter were checked to study the product effect on soil and plants.
The pH of the products ranged from 1.48 to 11.9. The lowest pH value was that of product C while the highest pH was recorded for the product SP. Higher
EC(28.4µs/dl) was noted for product C while the lowest EC (3.45 µs/dl)was recorded for the product CSP. Acidity of soil showed a range of 0.97x10-2(product S) to 1.4x10-2g/L (Product FP). Which was similar to controls (untreated soil, 1.01x10-2 g/L; NPK, 0.99 x10-2 g/L). The least total nitrogen (2.03 x 10-3%) was in product S treated soil, while the highest value (6.58 x10-3 %) was in CFNSP treated soil.
The data of plants indicated that the plant height at day of transplantation was 9.80 cm, while it was 61.09 cm at harvest time (day 60). The no. of branches at day of transplantation was minimum (1.55) and they were higher at day 60 (3.50). The average no. of leaves/plants among the intervals, ranged from 3.42(at day 0) to 19.24 (at day 60). No. of leaflets/plant ranged from 14.02 to 72.47. Leaf area/plant ranged from 5.16 to 44.85 cm2.The lowest no. of flower/week (1.42) was in the untreated soil, while the highest no. of flowers/ week (13.80) was in SP product. The lowest No.
of fruits (1.00) was CSP product and the highest no. of fruits (4.750) was FNS product.
The lower moisture (94.37%) was found in leaves collected at harvest (Leaf after) while the highest moisture content (96.28%) was in roots. The lowest ash (3.48%) was located in leaves (Leaves after) and the highest ash content (4.75%) was found in the stem. The lowest amount (0.85%) of crude fat was found in roots while the highest content (2.64%) was in leaves sampled during growth (L. Before). The lowest crude protein (1.01%) was found in plants applied with N product and the highest amount (1.21%) was detected in plants applied with CNSP product. The range of crude fiber in the treated tomato plants was from 5.19 to 6.02%.
The least carbon percentage (89.36%) was present in un-treated soil while the highest carbon content (91.75%) was found in plants treated with FN product. The chlorophyll among different intervals ranged from 1.00 to 4.44 µg/g.
The minimum Fe content (2.759 mg/Kg) was found in soil treated with NPK, while the maximum Fe content (5.358%) was detected in soil treated with NS product. The least amount of Zn i.e. 0.03mg/Kg was perceived in soil applied with N product, while the highest content (0.15 mg/Kg) of Zn was identified in soil treated with FP product. Cu ranged from 0.012 to 0.131 mg/Kg in treated soil. Mn was also present in the treated soil in detectable amount that ranged from 0.324 to 0.73 mg/Kg.
Phosphorus amount in the treated soil was very less that ranged from 0.045 to 0.093mg/Kg. Na in the treated soil ranged from 3.9 to 11.9 mg/Kg. The amount of K in the treated soil ranged from 8.60 to 15.30 mg/Kg. The highest amount Pb 1.54mg/Kg as detected in soil applied with FP product. Ni in the treated soil ranged from 0.027 to 1.046 mg/Kg.
The lowest moisture (92.69%) was observed in the fruits applied with CNSP product, while the highest moisture content (94.82%) was detected in fruits applied with FSP product. the least ash (0.67%) was found in fruits born by the plants applied with NS product and the highest ash (1.82%) was perceived in fruits where plant was treated with CP product. The minimum crude fat (0.21%) was determined in fruits of the plant grown in F.Y.M, while the maximum (37%) was detected in fruits where plant was treated with CN and CP products respectively. The lowest crude protein content was observed in fruits born the plants applied with FYM while the highest crude protein (0.88%) was found in fruits produced by plants applied with FNP product. Crude fiber was highest (1.84%) in fruits born by plant treated with CFSP product, while the lowest (1.35%) was recorded in fruits produced by plants applied with FNS product. The NFE presenting the total carbohydrates showed its highest amount (96.88%) in fruits born by plants applied with FYM. The lowest amount (94.93%) was in fruits of plants treated with SP product.
Iron content of the fruits ranged from 0.05 to 0.31mg/Kg. Zn content of the fruits showed a range of 0.01 to 0.08 mg/Kg, The highest level (0.14 mg/Kg) of Cu was perceived in fruits born on plants applied with CFNS product while the least amount (0.01 mg/Kg) was present in fruits born on plants applied with FYM. Mn was present in undetermined level (0.00 mg/Kg) in fruits of plants applied with CN, CFP and CFNP products, however, highest amount of Mn (0.04 mg/Kg) was found in fruits born on plants treated with CS product. The minimum content of P (0.08 mg/Kg) was determined in fruits applied with CNP product while the maximum content (0.20mg/Kg) of Phosphorus was present in fruits born on plants treated with CS product. Na content of Fruits ranged from 6.10 to 13.10 mg/Kg. The least level (0.01mg/Kg) of Pb, a toxic metal in high amount, was found in fruits born on plant treated with CNSP product while the highest amount (1.13 mg/Kg) was detected in fruits applied with CNP product. Ni content in fruits ranged from 0.02 to 1.25 mg/Kg,
The maximum amount of Fe (1.21mg/Kg) was found in roots. The maximum amount of Zn (0.11mg/Kg) was present in leaves of plants sampled after harvesting (L.
After).The highest amount of Cu content (0.07mg/Kg) was made out in leaves sampled after and before harvesting (L.After and L.Before). Mn content of different parts of tomato plants applied with products and controls showed a range of 0.04 to 0.13 mg/Kg. Higher amount of Phosphorus(0.26 mg/Kg) was present in the stem. The highest amount (16.10mg/Kg) of Na was found in stem of the plants. The maximum content (37.63mg/Kg) of K was present in stem. The Maximum amount of Pb(0.61 mg/Kg) was present in roots of the plants. The highest content (0.50mg/Kg) of Niwas perceived in stem. The highest amount of carbon (84.16%) was detected in fruits born on plants applied with CFP product. Lycopene content of fruit range of 2.50 to 4.50 µg/g.