Plant Characteristics

ABSTRACT

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.3 Plant Characteristics

The average value of soil pH noted at the start of product application was 7.85 and it was 8.61 at the last time of product application (Table–3). The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) showing a trend from basic to more basic. The tendency towards basic pH favors absorption of certain elements by the plants (Yuan et al., 2011). The variation in the average values of soil pH applied with different products and controls was also significant (P<0.05). The pH of products and control applied soils, ranged from 8.10 to 8.32. The lower value (8.10) of pH was recorded in soil applied with NS product while the highest value of 8.32 was found in the soils applied with CFP and CNS products. pH refers to hydrogen ion concentration in the soil solution. The increase in soil pH might be due to the release of some basic metals like Ca, K, C etc. (Zwieten et al., 2010), which cause elevation in soil pH. Christopher et al., (2014) also reported that biochar application, due to its high particle surface area, favors the growth of micro-flora in soil and tends to increase soil pH, EC and cations exchange capacity. These physical changes in soil, in turn increase the availability of macronutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus.

biochar (Adani et al., 1998) which would be the cause of increase in plant height (Abdul et al., 2007). Jaywanti et al., (2011) observed better effect of coal fly ash on soil and tomato plant physicochemical parameter in comparison to compost and organic manure.

Table - 4: Effect of wood coal product on plant height (cm) plant^-1 of tomato cultivar at various intervals

Treatments Day 0* Day 15 Day30 Day45 Day60

1. C 7.00^m 15.77^defgh 33.37^fghi 53.40^cd 64.03^cd

2. F 11.77^abc 25.47^ab 42.13^abcd 62.03^bc 78.60^bc

3. N 10.90^bcde 16.80^defg 33.53^fgh 51.50^de 61.90^de

4. S 10.17^defgh 15.33^defgh 29.57^hijklmn 45.80^efgh 54.87^efgh

5. P 10.27^efgh 25.37^a 44.10^a 66.50^a 84.83^a

6. CF 11.47^abcd 25.23^ab 43.70^a 59.43^bc 73.80^bc

7. CN 9.53^efghijk 90.57^defg 40.93^abc 52.90^d 63.70^d

8. CS 10.73^bcdef 21.23^bc 40.27^abc 52.93^d 64.23^d

9. CP 10.77^bcdef 17.13^defg 28.60^jklmn 45.93^efgh 55.30^efgh

10. FN 10.73^bcdef 16.77^defg 32.03^fghijk 51.17^de 58.80^de

11. FS 12.63^a 18.67^cde 30.03^hijklm 42.83^ghi 53.37^ghi

12. FP 9.53^efghijk 17.90^cdef 43.27^a 65.77^a 77.30^a

13. NS 9.87^efghi 16.27^defgh 26.83^lmno 42.97^fghi 49.70^fghi

14. NP 10.37^cdefg 17.30^cdefg 34.00^efgh 53.03^d 62.13^d

15. SP 11.40^abcd 16.23^defgh 25.73^mno 37.67^ij 45.57^ij

16. CFN 9.70^efghij 16.70^defgh 38.43^bcde 52.47^d 62.67^d

17. CFS 8.30^jkl 14.53^fgh 25.03^no 36.20^j 45.07^j

18. CFP 10.77^bcdef 25.30^ab 42.57^ab 61.90^ab 76.83^ab

19. FNS 10.73^bcdef 17.87^cdef 28.67^ijklmn 41.40^hij 52.07^hij

20. FNP 9.70^efghij 15.50^defgh 31.80^fghijk 50.13^de 60.40^de

21. FSP 7.57^lm 14.07^fgh 28.17^klmno 41.47^hij 52.87^hij

22. CNS 11.97^ab 18.70^cde 35.50^defg 50.60^de 58.67^de

23. CNP 10.83^bcdef 17.03^defg 32.47^fghijk 49.20^def 57.63^def

24. CSP 8.53^ijkl 15.00^efgh 29.90^hijklm 40.90^hij 49.23^hij

25. FSP 8.20^kl 17.80^cdef 31.53^ghijkl 50.57^de 60.13^de

26. NSP 9.43^efghijk 16.33^defgh 32.20^fghijk 50.33^de 59.67^de

27. CFNS 9.37^fghijk 15.87^defgh 32.60^fghijk 50.90^de 61.37^de

28. CFNP 8.57^ijkl 14.93^efgh 31.87^fghijk 50.10^de 65.17^de

29. CFSP 8.30^jkl 14.67^efgh 31.47^ghijkl 49.73^de 60.63^de

30. CNSP 9.00^ghijkl 19.33^cd 36.47^cdef 51.90^de 68.33^de

31. FNSP 10.50^bcdef 17.93^cdef 35.30^efg 53.83^d 64.93^cd

32. CFNSP 10.33^cdefg 16.67^defgh 33.17^fghij 51.37^de 63.73^de

33. N.P.K 8.23^jkl 13.40^gh 33.03^fghij 51.90^de 63.23^de

34. H.ACID 8.17^klm 14.40^fgh 34.13^efgh 53.77^cd 64.73^cd

35. F.Y.M 8.90^ghijkl 15.10^efgh 31.07^ghijkl 49.67^de 64.33^de

36. W.COAL 8.80^hijkl 15.03^efgh 31.03^ghijkl 48.47^defg 56.53^defg

37. U. SOIL 8.50^ijkl 12.63^h 23.70^o 37.17^ij 44.00^ij Mean 9.80^e 19.32^d 33.46^c 50.21^b 61.09^a

Treatment means in last column followed by same letters were not significantly different (α=0.05) Interval means in last row followed by same letters were not significantly different (α=0.05)

*day of transplantation

Key: Hydrochloric acid (C), Sulfuric acid (F), Nitric acid (N), Sodium hydroxide (S), Potassium hydroxide (P)

Table - 5: Effect of wood coal products on number of branches plant^-1 of tomato cultivar at various intervals

Treatments Day 0* Day 30 Day 60

1. C 2.50^ab 2.67^efg 4.67^cde

2. F 2.00^b 3.00^def 5.33^bcd

3. N 1.00^c 2.33^fgh 3.00^fgh

4. S 1.00^c 2.00^gh 2.33^h

5. P 1.00^c 2.33^fgh 2.67^gh

6. CF 2.67^a 3.67^bcd 4.33^de

7. CN 2.00^b 3.00^def 5.67^abc

8. CS 1.00^c 2.00^gh 2.00^h

9. CP 1.00^c 2.00^gh 2.67^gh

10. FN 1.00^c 2.00^gh 2.00^h

11. FS 1.00^c 2.00^gh 2.00^h

12. FP 1.00^c 2.00^gh 2.00^h

13. NS 2.33^ab 4.67^a 6.00^ab

14. NP 1.00^c 2.00^gh 2.67^gh

15. SP 1.00^c 2.00^gh 2.00^h

16. CFN 2.33^ab 4.00^abc 6.33^ab

17. CFS 2.00^b 2.67^efg 4.67^cde

18. CFP 2.00^b 2.67^efg 3.67^efg

19. FNS 2.00^b 3.33^cde 5.67^abc

20. FNP 2.00^b 2.67^efg 3.67^efg

21. FSP 2.00^b 3.67^bcd 5.67^abc

22. CNS 1.00^c 2.33^fgh 2.67^gh

23. CNP 2.67^a 4.33^ab 6.67^a

24. CSP 1.00^c 2.00^gh 2.67^gh

25. FSP 2.00^b 3.00^def 4.00^ef

26. NSP 1.00^c 2.00^gh 2.33^h

27. CFNS 2.00^b 2.67^efg 3.67^efg

28. CFNP 1.00^c 2.00^gh 2.33^h

29. CFSP 1.00^c 2.00^gh 2.33^h

30. CNSP 1.00^c 2.00^gh 2.33^h

31. FNSP 2.00^b 3.67^bcd 4.00^ef

32. CFNSP 2.33^ab 4.33^ab 4.67^cde

33. N.P.K 1.00^c 2.00^gh 2.00^h

34. H.ACID 1.00^c 1.67^h 2.00^h

35. F.Y.M 2.33^ab 2.33^fgh 3.67^efg

36. W.COAL 1.00^c 2.00^gh 2.67^gh

37. U. SOIL 1.33^c 2.33^fgh 2.33^h

Mean 1.55^c 2.63^b 3.50^a

Treatment means in last column followed by same letters were not significantly different (α=0.05) Intervals means in last row followed by same letters were not significantly different (α=0.05)

* at the day of transplantation

Key: Hydrochloric acid (C), Sulfuric acid (F), Nitric acid (N), Sodium hydroxide (S), Potassium hydroxide (P)

Table-6: Effect of wood coal products on number of leaves plant^-1 of tomato cultivar at various intervals

Treatments Day 0* Day 15 Day 30 Day 45 Day 60 1. C 3.33^ab 5.33^ef 9.67^fgh 14.00^fghi 17.33^hi 2. F 3.67^ab 7.00^abc 11.00^bcdef 16.00^bcde 26.33^a 3. N 4.00^a 7.33^ab 12.00^abc 18.00^a 22.33^bc 4. S 3.00^b 7.00^abc 10.67^cdefg 14.67^defgh 17.33^hi 5. P 3.33^ab 6.67^bc 10.00^efgh 14.33^efghi 17.33^hi 6. CF 3.00^b 6.33^cd 10.67^cdefg 15.33^cdefg 19.33^efg 7. CN 3.00^b 6.33^cd 10.33^defgh 18.00^a 26.00^a 8. CS 3.33^ab 6.33^cd 11.33^bcde 14.33^efghi 17.33^hi 9. CP 3.33^ab 6.67^bc 11.67^abcd 15.00^cdefgh 18.00^ghi 10. FN 3.67^ab 7.33^ab 12.00^abc 16.00^bcde 19.00^efgh 11. FS 3.67^ab 7.67^a 13.00^a 17.67^ab 20.67^cde 12. FP 3.33^ab 7.00^abc 10.67^cdefg 14.33^efghi 18.00^ghi 13. NS 3.33^ab 6.33^cd 10.67^cdefg 15.33^cdefg 20.33^de 14. NP 4.00^a 6.67^bc 10.00^efgh 14.00^fghi 17.67^ghi 15. SP 3.67^ab 6.67^bc 10.67^cdefg 14.00^fghi 17.00ⁱ 16. CFN 4.00^a 7.00^abc 10.67^cdefg 17.67^ab 26.33^a 17. CFS 3.67^ab 6.67^bc 11.33^bcde 15.67^cdef 19.33^efg 18. CFP 3.67^ab 6.67^bc 10.67^cdefg 15.00^cdefgh 18.33^fghi 19. FNS 3.67^ab 6.33^cd 11.00^bcdef 16.33^abcd 22.33^bc 20. FNP 3.33^ab 6.33^cd 10.33^defgh 14.33^efghi 22.00^cd 21. FSP 3.67^ab 5.67^de 10.33^defgh 13.67^ghi 17.33^hi 22. CNS 3.33^ab 6.67^bc 10.33^defgh 14.67^defgh 18.33^fghi 23. CNP 3.33^ab 6.67^bc 11.00^bcdef 14.33^efghi 17.33^hi 24. CSP 3.33^ab 5.33^ef 9.67^fgh 13.33^hi 16.67ⁱ 25. FSP 3.33^ab 5.33^ef 11.00^bcdef 15.00^cdefgh 18.00^ghi 26. NSP 3.33^ab 6.33^cd 10.00^efgh 14.33^efghi 17.33^hi 27. CFNS 3.00^b 6.33^cd 11.33^bcde 15.67^cdef 19.33^efg 28. CFNP 3.33^ab 7.33^ab 12.33^ab 16.67^abc 20.00^ef 29. CFSP 3.00^b 4.67^f 9.00^hi 12.67ⁱ 17.00ⁱ 30. CNSP 3.00^b 5.67^de 10.00^efgh 13.67^ghi 17.00ⁱ 31. FNSP 3.33^ab 6.67^bc 11.00^bcdef 14.33^efghi 17.67^ghi 32. CFNSP 3.33^ab 6.33^cd 10.67^cdefg 16.67^abc 24.00^b 33. N.P.K 3.33^ab 6.33^cd 10.33^defgh 15.33^cdefg 18.33^fghi 34. H.ACID 3.33^ab 6.67^bc 11.00^bcdef 14.33^efghi 19.33^efg 35. F.Y.M 3.67^ab 6.67^bc 9.67^fgh 16.67^abc 20.67^cde 36. W.COA

L 3.33^ab 6.33^cd 9.33^gh 12.67ⁱ 17.67^ghi 37. U. SOIL 3.33^ab 5.00^ef 7.67ⁱ 10.67^j 13.67^j

Mean 3.42^e 6.42^d 10.62^c 14.99^b 19.24^a

Treatment means in last column followed by same letters were not significantly different (α=0.05) Interval means in last row followed by same letters were not significantly different (α=0.05)

* at day of transplantation

Key: Hydrochloric acid (C), Sulfuric acid (F), Nitric acid (N), Sodium hydroxide (S), Potassium hydroxide (P)

Table - 7: Effect of wood coal products on number of leaflets plant^-1 of tomato cultivar at various intervals

Treatments Day 0* Day 15 Day 30 Day 45 Day 60 1. C 16.33^ab 22.33^efgh 52.33^abc 61.33^cdefghij 73.67^cdefghij 2. F 11.67^ghi 21.33^cdefgh 47.33^bcdefgh 61.67^cdefghij 69.67^fghijkl 3. N 14.33^abcdefg 24.33^bcdefgh 42.00^defghijkl 62.00^cdefghij 80.33^abcdefg 4. S 14.33^abcdefg 25.67^abcdefg 39.00^hijkl 49.33^jkl 63.33^ijklm

5. P 7.67^j 19.33^fgh 33.67^l 43.33^l 55.33^m

6. CF 7.67^j 17.00^h 40.67^fghijkl 51.33^ijkl 62.00^jklm 7. CN 13.67^bcdefgh 29.67^abcde 44.33^cdefghijk 60.00^cdefghij 71.33^efghijk 8. CS 16.67^a 26.67^abcdef 45.33^cdefghij 57.00^defghijkl 65.67^hijklm 9. CP 9.67^ij 22.00^efgh 36.00^jkl 47.33^jkl 59.00^klm 10. FN 13.33^cdefgh 28.00^abcde 59.33^a 79.00^ab 87.67^ab 11. FS 15.67^abcd 29.33^abcde 40.33^fghijkl 60.00^cdefghij 70.67^fghijk 12. FP 13.67^bcdefgh 31.00^abc 42.33^defghijkl 70.33^abcde 76.33^bcdefghi 13. NS 11.00^hi 29.67^abcde 49.67^abcdefg 77.67^ab 87.00^abc 14. NP 16.67^a 29.67^abcde 50.67^abcde 80.67^a 92.00^a 15. SP 15.33^abcde 33.33^a 43.67^cdefghijk 54.00^ghijkl 65.67^hijklm 16. CFN 16.00^abc 31.67^abc 51.67^abcd 74.33^abc 86.67^abcd 17. CFS 15.33^abcde 24.33^bcdefgh 34.67^kl 54.67^fghijkl 67.67^ghijklm 18. CFP 16.67^a 23.67^cdefgh 44.00^cdefghijk 77.67^ab 85.67^abcd 19. FNS 13.67^bcdefgh 33.67^a 50.00^abcdef 72.00^abcd 85.00^abcde 20. FNP 14.33^abcdefg 21.67^efgh 55.33^ab 69.00^abcdefg 79.33^abcdefgh 21. FSP 12.67^efgh 30.67^abcd 45.67^bcdefghij 64.67^bcdefghi 76.33^bcdefghi 22. CNS 15.67^abcd 22.67^defgh 39.33^hijkl 68.67^abcdefgh 77.67^bcdefgh 23. CNP 15.00^abcde 32.33^ab 46.00^bcdefghi 69.33^abcdef 82.00^abcdef 24. CSP 15.67^abcd 29.00^abcde 43.00^cdefghijkl 55.00^fghijkl 71.00^fghijk 25. FSP 13.00^defgh 27.00^abcdef 41.00^efghijkl 57.33^defghijkl 69.00^fghijklm 26. NSP 14.67^abcdef 28.67^abcde 40.00^ghijkl 50.33^ijkl 63.33^ijklm 27. CFNS 12.00^fghi 29.67^abcdef 42.00^defghijkl 59.00^defghijk 74.00^bcdefghij 28. CFNP 14.33^abcdefg 33.33^a 43.67^cdefghijk 54.00^ghijkl 68.00^ghijklm 29. CFSP 14.00^abcdefg 29.67^abcde 41.33^efghijkl 51.67^ijkl 63.67^ijklm 30. CNSP 13.00^defgh 32.00^ab 42.00^defghijkl 58.67^defghijk 68.67^fghijklm 31. FNSP 16.67^a 29.00^abcde 45.00^cdefghij 61.67^cdefghij 73.00^defghij 32. CFNSP 14.33^abcdefg 33.67^a 45.33^cdefghij 56.33^efghijkl 68.00^ghijklm 33. N.P.K 13.00^defgh 31.67^abc 47.00^bcdefghi 60.00^cdefghij 71.33^efghijk 34. H.ACID 16.67^a 26.00^abcdef 42.33^defghijkl 53.67^hijkl 66.33^hijklm 35. F.Y.M 15.33^abcde 31.33^abc 46.33^bcdefghi 70.67^abcde 81.00^abcdefg 36. W.COAL 16.67^a 24.67^bcdefgh 38.67^hijkl 56.67^efghijkl 68.00^ghijklm 37. U. SOIL 13.67^bcdefgh 17.67^gh 37.33^ijkl 44.67^kl 56.00^lm

Mean 14.02^e 27.39^d 44.01^c 60.95^b 72.47^a

Treatment means in last column followed by same letters were not significantly different (α=0.05) Interval means in last row followed by same letters were not significantly different (α=0.05)

* at day of transplantation

Key: Hydrochloric acid (C), Sulfuric acid (F), Nitric acid (N), Sodium hydroxide (S), Potassium hydroxide (P)

Number of branches plants^-1 of tomato cultivar, affected by products and controls application, was presented in table-5. The data was taken at three different times i.e. at day of transplantation, at day 30 (mid time) and at harvest time (day 60).

The variation among the data intervals were significant (P<0.05). At the day of transplantation no. of branches was ranged from 1.00 to 2.67. where the lowest branches was recorded in various treatments while the highest no. of branches were detected in treatment of CNP. In the second interval the lowest no. of branches (1.67) was recorded in humic acid treated plant while the maximum reading (4.67) was found in NS. Similarly the lowest no. of branches in third interval i.e. after 60 days, was maximum (6.67) in plants treated with CNP while the minimum (2.00) was detected in most of the treatments. As the present products are expected to provide enough nitrogen to the soil (Christopher et al., 2014), so that might be the possible cause of increase in number of branches plants^-1 (Shah et al., 2006). The product CNP also contained K in excess due to Potassium hydroxide. So due to K, the product might have showed positive effect on branches plants^-1 (Aslam et al., 2004)

Number of leaves plants^-1 (Table-6) was recorded at different intervals, each of 15 days, starting from the day of transplantation to the day of harvesting. In this way 5 different readings were noted for each treatment and controls. At the day of transplantation no. of leaves were ranged from 3.00 to 4.00. where the lowest no. of leaves was recorded in plants treated S, CF, CN, CFSP, CNSP while the highest no. of leaves were detected in treatment of CFN. In the second interval the lowest no. of leaves (4.67) was recorded in the plants grown in CFSP while the maximum no. of leaves (7.67) was found in plants treated with FS. In the third interval i.e. after 30 days maximum no. of leaves (13.00) was found in FS treated plant while minimum no of leaves (7.67) was found in U. soil treated plant. Similarly the lowest no. of leaves in fourth interval i.e. after 45 days the no. of leaves were maximum (18.00) in plant treated with N while the minimum no. of leaves (10.67) were detected in plants of untreated soil treatment. The no. of leaves at day sixty was highest (26.33) in plants of F treatment and lowest (13.67) in untreated soil. This showed that treatment especially of CFN was highest as compared to other treatments. Wang et al., (2007) studied that sulfur had a key in role in promoting various agronomic parameter of crops, especially number of leaves plant^-1. As products showing highest results include sulfuric acid providing sulfur in excess, might be the possible cause of increase

number of leaves/plant. Sulfur had also role in photosynthesis of plant leaves, which in turn essential for good health of leaves and plants (Terry and Ulrich, 1973:

Kowalska2004). The products also contained humic acids and so the effect might be related to humic acid content of acidic products (Sadia and Nikos 2009)

Number of leaflets plant^-1 (Table-7), counted from day of transplantation to harvesting time (with 15 days interval), At the day of transplantation No. leaflets plant^-1 were ranged from 7.67 to 16.67. where the lowest No. leaflets plant^-1 was recorded in plants treated P and CF, while the highest no. leaflets plant^-1 were detected in treatment of CFP, H. acid, W. coal. In the second interval the lowest no.

leaflets plant^-1 (17.00) was recorded in the plants grown in CF while the maximum no.

leaflets plant^-1 (33.67) was found in plants treated with CFNSP. In the third interval i.e. after 30 days maximum no. leaflets plant^-1 (59.33) was found in FN treated plant while minimum height (33.67) was found in P treated plant. Similarly the lowest no.

leaflets plant^-1 (43.33) in fourth interval i.e. after 45 days plant treated with P while the maximum no. leaflets plant^-1 (80.67) were detected in plants of NP treatment. The no. of leaves at day sixty was highest (92.00) in plants of NP treatment and lowest (55.33) in P treatment. This showed that treatment especially of NP was highest as compared to other treatments. Leaflets plants^-1 is an indication of plant health of they are high in number and are healthy. The higher numbers of leaflets were found in plants applied with products containing nitric acid, in turn high amount of nitrogen in pots, which is a well-known factor of physiological growth (Ge-Tida et al., 2008;

Aman and Rab et al., 2013). Similarly K and humic acid might be the possible cause of greater number of leaflets per plants (Besford and Maw, 1975; Chen and Aviad 1990; Ayes and Gusher 2005; Abbasi et al., 2013)

Leaf area plant^-1(Table-8), calculated at different intervals (15 days each), from the day of transplantation (day 0) to the day of harvest (day 60) varied significantly (P<0.05). Leaf area at the day of transplantation were ranged from 2.93 to 7.23 cm². where the lowest leaf area was recorded in plants treated with CN while the highest leaf area were detected in treatment of P. In the second interval the lowest leaf area (9.00 cm²) was recorded in the plants grown in CN while the maximum leaf area was found in plants treated with FSP which is 17.03 cm². In the third interval i.e.

after 30 days maximum leaf area (27.70 cm²) was found in FNS treated plant while minimum leaf area was found in untreated soil treated plant (12.83 cm²). Similarly the

lowest leaf area in fourth interval i.e. after 45 days maximum area (35.20 cm²) in plant treated with S while the minimum leaf area (21.60) cm² were detected in plants of untreated soil treatment. The leaf area at day sixty was highest (49.87 cm²) in plants of CP treatment and lowest in untreated soil which was (33.83 cm²). The product composition in the pots where leaf area was high showed that Na and K played their role in leaf area expansion (Kahlaoui et al., 2011; Ayes and Gusher 2005), also sulfur role was discussed earlier that it had role in leaf health of the plants (Kowalska 2004).

Table-8: Effect of wood coal product on leaf area plant^-1 of tomato cultivar at various intervals

Treatments Day 0* Day 15 Day 30 Day 45 Day 60

1. C 4.80^fghijklm 11.00^jkl 23.20^fgh 31.63^ghij 44.07^klmn

2. F 5.73^bcdefg 9.93^lmno 20.27^mno 30.13^lmn 43.67^klmn

3. N 6.47^abcde 13.17^efg 24.00^de 34.83^ab 49.23^ab

4. S 6.63^abcd 16.03^ab 24.47 ^d 35.20^a 49.83^a 5. P 7.23^a 14.00^def 21.63^l 34.70^ab 49.07^abc 6. CF 4.20^jklmnop 9.50^mno 16.10^r 24.57^u 40.10^st 7. CN 2.93^p 9.00^op 18.80^p 29.20^nop 43.40^lmnop 8. CS 3.40^op 9.27^no 16.27^r 26.00^t 41.10^rs 9. CP 6.93^ab 15.63^abc 23.93^def 35.23^a 49.87^a 10. FN 3.83^mnop 10.40^klmno 20.63^mn 31.80^fghi 45.50^hi 11. FS 4.70^ghijklmno 10.40^klmno 23.63^efg 31.90^fghi 45.37^hij 12. FP 4.70^ghijklmno 11.47^hijk 23.20^fgh 33.47^cd 47.93^de 13. NS 4.30^ijklmno 10.73^jklm 20.17^mno 29.90^mno 41.70^qr 14. NP 3.90^lmnop 10.97^jkl 17.93^q 27.10^rs 39.80^t 15. SP 5.63^bcdefgh 15.07^bcd 22.57^hijk 32.40^fg 46.20^fgh 16. CFN 4.67^ghijklmno 12.13^ghij 20.10^mno 30.73^jklm 43.50^lmno 17. CFS 5.37^defghij 13.20^efg 22.97^ghij 32.47^efg 43.30^mnop 18. CFP 6.03^abcdef 13.27^efg 23.10^ghi 31.57^ghij 43.07^nop 19. FNS 6.60^abcd 16.40^ab 27.70^a 34.00^bc 48.07^cde 20. FNP 5.57^cdefghi 16.17^ab 25.50^c 32.73^def 46.77^fg 21. FSP 6.73^abc 17.03^a 27.27^a 33.93^bc 48.90^abcd 22. CNS 5.47^cdefghij 15.03^bcd 25.87^bc 33.40^cde 46.13^gh 23. CNP 4.50^ghijklmno 11.40^ijk 22.37^ijkl 30.97^ijkl 43.83^klmn 24. CSP 5.10^fghijklm 12.50^ghi 21.87^kl 30.77^jklm 42.37^pq 25. FSP 5.53^cdefghi 14.47^cde 24.27^de 31.87^fghi 44.77^ijk 26. NSP 5.23^efghijk 15.63^abc 25.83^bc 33.60^cd 49.70^ab 27. CFNS 5.47^cdefghij 12.57^fghi 22.30^jkl 31.30^hijk 43.20^mnop 28. CFNP 6.23^abcdef 15.93^ab 26.27^b 34.00^bc 48.63^bcd 29. CFSP 4.50^ghijklmno 10.53^klmn 19.93^no 29.07^op 46.77^fg 30. CNSP 5.43^cdefghij 12.90^fgh 22.07^kl 32.30^fg 47.30^ef 31. FNSP 4.00^klmnop 9.93^lmno 17.90^q 27.63^qr 42.53^opq 32. CFNSP 5.63^bcdefgh 14.47^cde 26.20^bc 32.07^fgh 47.93^de 33. N.P.K 5.37^defghij 10.43^klmno 20.83^m 30.40^klm 44.50^ijkl 34. H.ACID 5.20^efghijkl 12.00^ghij 20.60^mn 30.00^lmno 44.27^jklm 35. F.Y.M 4.33^hijklmno 11.53^hijk 19.57^o 28.23^pq 43.17^mnop 36. W.COAL 4.93^fghijklmn 11.30^ijkl 18.30^pq 26.23^st 40.13^st 37. U. SOIL 3.67^nop 7.77^p 12.83^s 21.60^v 33.83^u Mean 5.16^e 12.52^d 21.90^c 31.00^b 44.85^a

Treatment means in last column followed by same letters were not significantly different (α=0.05) Intervals means in last row followed by same letters were not significantly different (α=0.05)

* at the day of transplantation

Key: Hydrochloric acid (C), Sulfuric acid (F), Nitric acid (N), Sodium hydroxide (S), Potassium hydroxide (P)

Table-9: Effect of wood coal products on average number of flowers/plant/week

Treatment 1^st 2^nd 3^rd 4^rth

1. C 3.50^ghik 5.00^efghi 5.00^ghijk 6.67^fghi

2. F 3.33^efghik 4.67^ghi 4.67^efghij 6.00^efghi

3. N 4.33^ghi 6.00^efghi 6.00^efgh 7.67^defg

4. S 5.00^efghi 5.33^efghij 5.33^ghijk 5.33^klm

5. CF 0.67ⁱ 0.67^j 0.67^l 1.00^m

6. CN 5.33^efghi 7.33^fgh 8.33^defgh 9.00^ghi

7. CS 9.00^cde 10.3^abc 11.3^cde 12.3^cd

8. CP 8.33^efg 9.00^cde 9.00^cde 9.00^ghi

9. FS 9.00^cde 9.00^cde 10.7^cdef 10.7^def

10. NS 11.0^ab 11.0^def 11.0^cde 11.0^abcd

11. NP 1.00^fghi 2.00^ghijk 2.00^hijk 2.67^hijk

12. SP 12.3^a 13.7^a 14.7^a 14.7^a

13. CFN 0.67ⁱ 1.67^fghijk 1.67^k 2.33^hijk 14. CFS 11.0^ab 11.0^def 11.7^cde 11.3^abcd 15. CFP 6.67^efgh 7.67^fgh 9.67^fgh 9.67^fghi 16. FNS 6.33^efghi 6.33^fghi 8.33^efgh 9.00^ghi 17. FNP 7.33^fgh 7.33^efgh 7.33^fgh 7.67^fgh

18. FSP 10.0^abc 13.3^a 13.3^ab 13.3^ab

19. CNS 0.67ⁱ 1.67^fghijk 3.33^ghij 3.33^ghijk 20. CNP 9.33^cde 9.33^cdef 10.7^abc 10.7^def 21. CSP 0.67ⁱ 2.67^hijk 2.67^hijk 3.67^jklm

22. FSP 9.00^cde 10.67^abc

d

12.0^abc 12.00^cd 23. NSP 1.00^hij 2.33^ghijk 3.67^hij 4.00^hijkl 24. CFNS 10.7^abc 10.67 12.7^abcd 12.7^bcd 25. CFNP 8.33^efg 10.33^abc 10.3^abcd 11.0^abcd

26. CFSP 11.7^ab 13.33^a 13.3^ab 13.3^ab

27. CNSP 3.67^efghik 5.33^fghi 5.33^ghijk 5.33^klm 28. FNSP 10.3^abc 11.33^def 13.7^ab 14.3^a 29. CFNSP 6.33^efgh 8.67^efg 8.67^efgh 8.67^fgh 30. N.P.K 2.33^hijk 2.67^hijk 3.00^hijk 3.00^hijklm 31. H.ACID 4.33^ghi 4.33^ghi 4.33^jkl 4.33^hijk 32. F.Y.M 4.00^ghij 4.00^hij 4.00^ijkl 4.00^jkl 33. W.COAL 1.67^hi 2.33^hijk 2.33^ghijk 2.33^hijkl 34. U. SOIL 0.67ⁱ 1.67^fghijk 1.67^k 1.67^lm

Mean 5.89^d 6.84^c 7.42^b 7.75^a

Treatment means in last column followed by same letters were not significantly different (α=0.05) Intervals means in last row followed by same letters were not significantly different (α=0.05)

* at the day of transplantation

Key: Hydrochloric acid (C), Sulfuric acid (F), Nitric acid (N), Sodium hydroxide (S), Potassium hydroxide (P)

Table-10: Effect of wood coal products on average number of fruits/plant/week

Treatments 1^st 2^nd 3^rd 4^rth

1. CN 1.50^cd 3.33^ab 3.33^ef 3.67^def

2. CS 1.67^abc 2.67^abc 2.67^efg 2.67^efgh 3. CP 1.33^bcd 2.33^cd 3.33^cdef 4.00^bcde 4. FS 1.67^abc 2.67^abc 3.67^def 4.33^bcd

5. NS 1.33^bcd 1.33^abcd 1.33^g 1.67^h

6. SP 0.33^e 1.67^cde 3.33^ef 4.00^bcde

7. CFS 0.33^e 2.33^cd 3.67^def 5.00^bc

8. CFP 1.67^abc 2.33^cd 3.67^def 3.67^def

9. FNS 2.67^a 3.67^ab 6.00^a 6.67^a

10. FNP 1.67^abc 2.33^cd 3.67^def 3.67^def 11. FSP 1.00^cd 2.67^a 4.67^abcd 4.67^abcd 12. CNS 0.33^e 1.00^bcde 2.67^efg 2.67^cde

13. CNP 2.67^a 4.00a 5.67^ab 5.67^ab

14. CSP 0.33^e 0.33^de 1.67^defg 1.67^h 15. FSP 1.00^cd 3.33^ab 4.00^bce 4.00^bcde 16. CFNS 1.67^abc 3.00^abc 5.33^bc 5.33^bc

17. CFNP 0.33^e 0.67^e 2.00^fg 2.00^fgh

18. CFSP 0.67^de 1.67^cde 2.67^efg 4.00^bcde 19. CNSP 1.00^cd 1.67^cde 2.67^efg 2.67^efgh 20. FNSP 2.00^ab 3.33^ab 4.67^abcd 4.67^abcd 21. F.Y.M 0.67^de 1.67^cde 1.67^defg 1.67^h

Mean 1.23^d 2.29^c 3.44^b 3.73^a

Treatment means in last column followed by same letters were not significantly different (α=0.05) Intervals means in last row followed by same letters were not significantly different (α=0.05)

* at the day of transplantation

Key: Hydrochloric acid (C), Sulfuric acid (F), Nitric acid (N), Sodium hydroxide (S), Potassium hydroxide (P) Note: C, F, N, S, P, CF, FN, FP, NP, CFN, NSP, CFNSP, NPK, H.ACID, W.COAL, U.SOIL produced no fruits.

Average number of flower week^-1 of tomato plants were presented in table- 9.

Flowers were counted for about 4 weeks after first day of flower initiation and the frequency per week was found significantly different (P<0.05). After the first 2 weeks of transplantation average number of flower were ranged from 0.67 to 12.3. where the lowest average number of flower was recorded in plants treated CF, CFN, CNS, CSP, and untreated soil while the highest average number of flower were detected in treatment of SP. In the second interval the lowest average number of flower (0.67) was recorded in the plants grown in CF while the maximum average number of flower was found in plants treated with SP which was 13.7. In the third interval maximum average number of flower (14.7) was found in SP treated plant while minimum average number of flower (0.67) was found in CF treated plant. Similarly the lowest average number of flower in fourth interval (1.00) in plant treated with CF while the

maximum average number of flower (14.3) were detected in plants of FNSP treatment. In case of flowers the product composition, where plants gave highest results, showed the presence of Na, K and also sulfur and chlorine, which might affected the flowers positively (Kahlaoui et al., 2011; Ayes and Gusher, 2005; Terry and Ulrich, 1973: Kowalska 2004). Na-humate had also been reported to be good for flower numbers per plants (Maria, 1984). Hydrochloric acids and Sulfuric acid might release other minerals (Ishaq et al., 2002) which enhanced the flower number per plants (Melek et al., 2015).

Average Number of fruits week^-1plant^-1(Table-10) after fruit setting showed significant variation (P<0.05). It showed the average number of fruits per plant at different intervals, each of per week. After first week of flowering date the average number of fruits were ranged from 0.33 to 2.67. where the lowest average number of fruits was recorded in plants treated SP, CFS, CNS, CSP and CFNP while the highest average number of fruits were detected in treatment of FNS and CNP. In the second interval the lowest average number of fruits 0.33 was recorded in the plants grown in CSP while the maximum average number of fruits was found in plants treated with CNP which was 4.00. In the third interval maximum average number of fruits was found 6.00 in FNS treated plant while minimum average number of fruits was found in NS treated plant (1.33). Similarly the lowest average number of fruits in fourth interval the average number of fruits were maximum in plant treated with FNS (6.67) while the minimum average number of fruits were detected in plants of NS, CSP and FYM treatmentS (1.67). All the data was statistically significant (P<0.05). Sulfur and Nitrogen was present in the product where maximum result was declared, that might be the reason of higher number of fruits per plants. (Bielinski, 2010; Masome and Sepideh, 2014). Similar to other parameters, humic acid and the release of minerals by acids or bases (Ishaq et al., 2002) might be the cause of higher number of fruits per plant (Frias-Moreno 2014)