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J-PAL, Vol. 12, No. 2, 2021 ISSN: 2087-3522
DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpal.2021.012.02.01 E-ISSN: 2338-1671
Effect of Coconut Water on Seed Germination of True Seed of Shallot (TSS) Trisula and Biru Lancor Varieties
Tri Sudaryono1*, PER Prahardini2
12East Java Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
Abstract
The strategy considered to increase domestic shallot production is the use of True Seed of Shallot (TSS) as a seed source for shallot cultivation. The main disadvantage of shallot cultivation with TSS as a source of seeds is the low TSS growth power, which is naturally only in the range of 50-60%. The use of growth regulators is expected to increase TSS germination. Coconut water has been reported to be a natural growth regulator. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of coconut water treatment on the nursery phase and growth performance of TSS seedlings of Trisula and Biru Lancor varieties. The study was conducted between March to May 2018 in Pelem Village, Pare District, Kediri Regency, East Java, Indonesia. True Shallot Seeds were soaked with coconut water, seeding to polybag, and observed for vegetative growth. The results showed that the TSS of Trisula and Biru Lancor varieties showed different responses to coconut water treatment. In the nursery phase, the use of coconut water can increase the growth power of TSS of Trisula varieties to 91%, while for the Biru Lancor variety was 72%. The use of coconut water in the Trisula variety was able to produce vegetative growth of seeds better than the Biru Lancor variety. At 5 weeks after seedling, the Trisula variety produced as many as 3.4 leaves, while the Biru Lancor variety had only 2.1 leaves. Likewise the diversity of plant height, at 5 weeks after seedling, the Trisula variety recorded a plant height of 24.63 cm, while the Biru Lancor variety was 16.06 cm. It can be concluded that coconut water can be used as a growth regulator to increase TSS germination and increase growth performance in the nursery phase.
Keywords: Shallot, True Seed of Shallot, Coconut Water, Germination, Growth Performance
INTRODUCTION1
Shallot (Allium ascalonicum) is one of the horticultural commodities that farmers have long cultivated in Indonesia. They are of have high economic value and at present, they are cultivated using tubers as seeds. This method of propagation can be disadvantageous on shallot farming as the cost of providing seed tubers is quite high. The total cost of production is estimated to about 40% [1](2]. In addition, the quality of seed tubers is notguaranteed because it almost always carries disease pathogens such as Fusarium sp., Colletotricum sp., Shallot Latent Virus (SLV) and Leek Yellow Stipe Virus (LYSV) as well as bacteria from infected plants, which reduces productivity [3]( 4].
Seed tuber is one of the factors that determine plant productivity. In addition to using tubers, shallot propagation can also use TSS as a seed source. The use of TSS compared to the use of seed bulbs has several advantages, namely the number of TSS needs is less than 3-6 kg/ha, while the need for seed tubers ranges from 1-1.5 ton/ha, TSS storage and distribution is easier and cheaper, resulting in healthier plants because TSS
Correspondence address:
Tri Sudaryono
Email : [email protected]
Address : Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology (AIAT) East Java, Malang, 65105, East Java, Indonesia
is free of pathogens, and produces better quality seeds [5] (6]. In addition, the use of shallot TSS is economically feasible because it can double yield compared to the use of tuber seeds [7].
The use of TSS as a seed has problems related to the number of tubers produced. Seeds from TSS on average only produce 1-2 tubers [8].
The minimum number of tubers produced appears to be related to the small number of tillers produced by TSS. The shallot tillers are formed due to the loss of the dominance of the apical buds. The initiation of these shoots occur after cell division of the apical meristem occurs.
The formation of seedlings of shallots from TSS is still difficult, because tuber formation cannot be influenced by temperature, spacing, and water stress [9]. Therefore, to encourage the formation of many tubers (more than 3 grains), TSS shallots are treated with growth regulators. Treatment with growth regulators is expected to encourage cell division, so that it will form many tubers.
Weaknesses of vegetative propagation with tubers can be overcome by multiplying through TSS. Therefore, the use of TSS is an alternative that can be developed to improve the quality of shallot seeds [10][11][12][13]. Shallots are plants that are easy to flower and can be quickly propagated through large quantities of seeds [14]. In Indonesia, studies of shallot propagation through TSS have long been carried out, but the
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Effect of Coconut Water on Seed Germination of True Seed of Shallot (Sudaryono, et al.)
results have not been widely applied at the farmer level. The reason is that there are many problems faced with the cultivation of shallots using TSS [15].
The problem of shallot cultivation with TSS as a source of seeds is the low seed growth (germination). This problem cannot be separated from the seed structure, which includes the skin, endosperm, and embryo. To increase the growth of shallot TSS, it is necessary to study the use of growth regulators to increase the power and speed of TSS shallot growth. Growth regulator substances that are widely used in research on shallot are gibberellin (GA). The growth power (germination) of TSS can be increased by immersion in gibberellin solution before sowing.
The percentage of shallot seed sprouts was best, namely when seeds were immersed in gibberellin solution for 4 hours in 2 weeks old seedlings of 3 shallot varieties [16]. Meanwhile, the use of growth regulator substances combined with auxin, cytokinins and gibberellins was able to increase the number of leaves, the number of tubers and the wet weight of plants [17]. Another study conducted by Sumarni et al showed that the best and most efficient way of GA3 application to flowering, fertilization, and yield of shallot seeds (TSS) was soaking tubers for 30 minutes in a 200 ppm GA3 solution [12].
Another material that can be used as a growth regulator is coconut water. Coconut water is one of the natural ingredients that contain hormones growing cytokinin with a concentration of 5.8 mg/l, auxin 0.07 mg/l, and a little gibberellin and other compounds that can stimulate germination and growth [18] [19]. The use of coconut water for the treatment of shallot TSS will make it easier for farmers, considering that coconut water is easily available and inexpensive. The study aimed to determine the effect of coconut water treatment on the growth (germination) and growth stage of the Trisula and Biru Lancor varieties of seedlings from TSS.
MATERIAL AND METHOD
The study was conducted from March to May 2018 in Pelem Village, Pare District, Kediri Regency, East Java, Indonesia. TSS of shallot Trisula and Biru Lancor varieties, weighed ± 50 g each. Then TSS was soaked in coconut water for 4 hours. After soaking, each TSS was sown in a plastic bag containing a mixture of soil media + compost ratio of 1: 1 and placed in beds with an area of 3 m2. TSS of each variety was seeded in 3 beds arranged randomly. Plant growth
observations were carried out up to 5 weeks after seedling at 1 minute intervals. Observation of vegetative growth including the number of leaves and plant height was carried out on each bed on 10 randomly selected sample plants.
Observation of vegetative growth was carried out at 1 week intervals. To find out the response to coconut water treatment between TSS Trisula and Biru Lancor varieties, the t-test was conducted at the level 5%.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION Percentage of TSS Growth
Statistical analysis showed that giving coconut water had an effect on the percentage of TSS (TSS) growth of shallot Trisula and Biru Lancor varieties 1 to 4 weeks after seedling. At 4 weeks after seedling (transplanting), the growth of TSS of the Trisula variety was high, which is around 91% compared to the TSS Biru Lancor variety which was 72% (Figure 1).
The results of this study indicate that the TSS (TSS) of Trisula and Biru Lancor varieties have different responses to the treatment of young coconut water. The TSS response of shallot varieties that are good for the treatment of coconut water is in line with the results of Sudaryono's research, where the soaking of TSS in a solution of coconut water for 4 hours can increase the sprout / grow up to 90% [20].
Although the growth power is lower than the Trisula variety, the performance of the Biru Lancor TSS seed growth shows fairly good growth, as does the Trisula variety (Figure 2).
Vegetative Growth
Statistical analysis showed that the treatment of coconut water had an effect on the growth of TSS on shallot varieties in Trisula and Biru Lancor. At5 weeks after the seedling, the growth of theTSS Trisula variety was significantly different to the Biru Lancor variety. At 5 weeks after sowing, the growth of TSS on shallot varieties of Trisula produced a total leaf of 3.4 strands while TSS of Biru Lancor variety of shallots was only 2.2 strands (Table 1). At the same age, the diversity of the Trisula variety was higher by 24.63 cm, while the Biru Lancor variety was only 16.06 cm (Table 2).
Based on Tables 1 and 2, it shows that starting at 2 weeks after the growth of TSS shallot growth, the Trisula variety is better than the Biru Lancor variety. The results of this study are in accordance [21] who suggested that giving
38 Effect of Coconut Water on Seed Germination of True Seed of Shallot (Sudaryono, et al.)
coconut water had an effect on the growth of female palm seedlings, especially on plant height, leaf length, root length and wet weight of seedlings [21]. Whereas [22] from the results of
his research concluded that giving coconut water can increase the number of shoots and the number of shallots in vitro [22].
Figure 1. TSS germination precentage of slot Trisula and Biru Lancor varieties at 1 to 4 weeks after sowing
2a 2b
Figure 2. Performance of shallot TSS seeds of Trisula (2a) and Biru Lancor varieties (2b) Weeks after Sowing
Table 1. Number of leaves of TSS seeds of Trisula and Biru Lancor varieties at 2, 3, 4, and 5 Weeks after sowing (WaS)
Varieties Number of leaves (strands)
2 WaS 3 WaS 4 WaS 5 WaS
Trisula 2.0 a 2.6 a 3.0 a 3.4 a
Biru Lancor 1.2 b 1.4 b 1.8 b 2.2 b
Description: Numbers in columns accompanied by different letters show significantly different based on t test significance level α = 5%
Table 2. TSS height plant of Trisula and Biru Lancor varieties at 2, 3, 4 and 5 Weeks after sowing (WaS)
Varieties Plant Height
2 WaS 3 WaS 4 WaS 5 WaS
Trisula 11.44 a 17.38 a 20.92 a 25.60 a
Biru Lancor 8.58 b 10.90 b 13.60 b 17.36 b
Description: Numbers in columns accompanied by different letters show significantly different based on t test significance level α = 5%
Weeks After Sowing
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Effect of Coconut Water on Seed Germination of True Seed of Shallot (Sudaryono, et al.)
CONCLUSION
Coconut water can be used as a growth regulator to increase growth power and TSS growth performance. TSS of Trisula variety showed a better response to the provision of coconut water than the Biru Lancor variety. The treatment of coconut water can improve the growth performance of TSS on Trisula varieties.
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