C O S I N U S
Do/Does + S + Not + Infinitive
S + is/am/are + VING
S + is/am/are not + VING
Is/am/are + S + VING
S +
HaveHas
+ V
3S +
have
has
+ Not +
Have
Has
+ S + V
3BAB I
TENSES – 1
TENSES – 2
TENSES – 3
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
TENSES – 1
SIMPLE PRESENT
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
PRESENT PERFECT
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE Pattern :
Positive
s/es (he, she, it)
Negative
Does (He, She, It )
Catatan :
Jika ada kata tanya (what, why, when, who) maka ditempatkan sebelum do/does.
Simple Present digunakan pada : 1. Kebiasaan rutin dimasa sekarang
Contoh :
- He reads newspaper everyday.
- He takes the medicine three times a day .
- She calls me once a week.
2. Kebenaran umum Contoh :
Water freezes at 00 C
- Moslems say ‘assalamu’alaikum’ when they meet.
3. Anak kalimat yang diikuti verb in future time.
Contoh :
- When he comes, I will be happy.
- Before you try it, you will never know the result.
4. Jadwal (meski dalam keadaan future) The plane arrives at 07.00 o’clock tomorrow morning.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS Pattern :
Positive
Negative
Interrogative
Present Progressive digunakan pada : 1. Kejadian yang sedang berlangsung.
Contoh :
Lia is studying now.
Devi is cleaning the kitchen at this time.
2. Kejadian future yang sudah direncanakan.
Andri is coming next week.
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE Pattern :
Positive
has (He, She, It)
Negative
Interogative
Present Perfect digunakan pada : Bimbel COSINUS Medan
MODUL SMA KELAS XII SEM-1 BAHASA INGGRIS
1 1 SOAL
S + V
1S + Do/Does + Not +
Infinitive
C O S I N U S
S +
have
has
+ been + Ving
S +
havehas
+ Not + Been + Ving
Have
Has
+ S + Been + Ving
1. Situasi yang dimulai sejak masa lampau dan berlanjut sampai sekarang.
Contoh :
- She has taught in eXPERT since 2012 - I have been a teacher since I entered the
University.
2. Masa lalu yang masih relevan dengan masa sekarang.
Contoh :
- I have already seen that movie - I have been abroad twice
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS Pattern :
Positive
Negative
Interrogative
Present Perfect progressive digunakan hampir sama dengan penggunaan present perfect.
SOAL LATIHAN
1. What a beautiful voice. She is a talented singer. She ___ since the was a child.
A. sang B. sings C. is singing D. had sung
E. has been singing
2. Andi : "I didn’t see your sister. Where is she ?"
Roy : "She’s in Australia"
Andi : "Oh, How long has she been there ?"
Roy : "_____"
A. last year B. a year ago C. since last week D. by last year E. yesterday
3. The radio says that most of the street in Jakarta are flooded at the moment.
I’m not surprised we ____ so much rain for a week.
A. had B. have C. have had D. had had E. are having
4. The man has lived there since 1980.
It means that ____
A. He still lives there B. He stops living there C. He moves to another city D. He lived there
E. He will be living there
5. X : "Could you please book me on the next flight to Mexico city ?"
Y : "I’m sorry sir. Our airline ____there"
A. will not fly
B. has not been flying C. did not fly
D. was not able to fly E. doesn’t fly
6. "I don’t see your little sister. Where is she ?"
"She ____ in the yard."
A. plays B. played C. is playing D. has played E. was playing
7. "When are you going to tell your sister about the good news ?"
"When she ____ from Singapore."
A. returns
B. will be returning C. had returned D. is going to return E. had returned
8. Several hotel in this region are closing down. That’s because the tourism it self___
since last year.
A. is declining B. declined C. was declined D. has been declining E. had declined
9. "What are you looking for ?"
"My wallet I don’t know where I ___ it"
A. have put
B. have been putting
C O S I N U S
C. am putting D. had putting E. was put
10. I have painted the house for 2 hours. It means that ___ it anymore.
A. I still paint B. I don’t paint C. I keep painting D. I will paint E. I paint
11. Some animals _______ during the winter and only _______ in spring.
A. Do not eat, come out B. Do not eat, will come out C. Will not eat, will come out D. Will not eat, come out
E. Are not eating, are coming out
12. It has been found that for every hour of sleep lost in a night our IQ _______ one point the next day.
A. Drops
B. Has dropped C. Is dropping
D. Will have dropped E. Has been dropped
13. For a long time men _______ to use solar enegy because sunshine is not something which is constant and thus always available, especially in temperate and cold cold climate.
A. Fail B. Failed C. Have failed D. Had failed E. Is failing
14. “Do I hear something?”
“Yes, somebody _______ at the door.”
A. Knocks B. Knocked C. Is knocking D. Has knocked E. Was knocking
15. Because the allocated time is not enough to finish this project, we are still working on it now. As a matter a fact, we _______ on it for four days.
A. Are working B. Work
C. Have been working
D. Worked E. Had worked
16. “You look so ubhappy, Anton. What’s the matter?’
“My father _______ his job.”
A. Has just lost B. Has been losing C. Losing
D. Is losing E. Loses
17. A : I think we are going to be here for a while.
B : But we _______ in line for almost an hour.
A. Are standing B. Have stood C. Stand
D. Were standing E. Have been standing
18. “May I borrow your magazine?”
“I am sorry, my sister _______ it.”
A. Is still reading B. Has been reading C. Will still read D. Still read E. Still reads
19. “Do you often go to restaurants?”
“No, it _______ quite a long time since I went to a restaurant with my friends.”
a. Has been b. Would be c. Is being d. Was e. Had been
20. “What are you looking for?”
“My wallet, I don’t know where I _________ It”
A. Have been putting B. Am putting
C. Had put D. Was putting E. Have put
C O S I N U S
TENSES - 2
SIMPLE PAST
PAST CONTINUOUS
PAST PERFECT
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
SIMPLE PAST Pola :
S + Vb2 (+ed) + Obj S + Was/Were + Adj + C Penggunaan :
1. Untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang terjadi pada suatu titik waktu lampau.
Setiawan went to Spain last year.
Maria did her work last night.
He walked to school yesterday.
I attended a meeting of that company last week.
2. Untuk menyatakan kebiasaan atau kegiatan yang diulang – ulang yang terjadi di masa lampau.
Setiawan walked to school everyday ten years ago.
It rained almost yesterday last rainly season.
3. Untuk mengungkapkan sebuah peristiwa dalam rentang waktu terntentu di masa lampau yang sudah tidak ada kelanjutannya di masa kini.
Prof. Setiawan taught at UIN Bandung for 20 years.
Djuharie dated with Fini for almost two years.
4. Untuk mengungkapkan peristiwa yang sedang berlangsung di masa lalu dengan menggunakan stative verb.
He appeared to be a creative genius.
I saw a large house in the corner.
Ratu loved daises.
I knew that Setiawan was a teacher.
He owed me a lot of money.
5. Sebagai anak kalimat dalam contional type 2.
If he took better care of himself, he wouldn’t be absent so often.
If I went now, I wouldn’t meet you here.
6. Untuk mengungkapkan peristiwa imajinatif yang terjadi pada waktu kini/
belakangan ini.
My father wishes I helped him right now.
If only Ratu knew what I feel now.
PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
Lazimnya kalimat dalam pola past continuous tense diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Indonesia dengan ungkapan sedang atau lagi.
Pola :
Positive :
S + Was/Were + Vb.ing
Negative :
S + Was/Were + Not Vb.ing
Interrogative :
Was/Were + S + Vb.ing
Manakala menggunakan kata
tanya/question word (when, where, who, why, what, which, how), kata tanya diletakkan sebelum was/were.
Penggunaan :
1. Untuk mengungkapkan peristiwa yang sedang berlangsung pada titik waktu tertentu di masa lampau.
He was walking to schoool at 6.30 this morning.
Ratu was sleeping at 10.00 last night.
2. Untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung di waktu lampau saat kegiatan lain terjadi/menyela.
Peristiwa yang menyela lumrahnya dinyatakan dalam simple past.
The engine was running when it suddenly stopped.
When Fini came home, Nanan was watching television.
3. Untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang sedang terjadi berulang – ulang di waktu lampau.
Prabu was coughing all night long last night.
C O S I N U S
PAST PERFECT TENSE
Lazimnya kalimat dalam pola present perfect tense diterjemahkan kedalam bahasa Indonesia dengan ungkapan telah atau sudah, dan untuk kalimat negatif diterjemahkan dengan ungkapan belum.
Pola :
Positive :
S + had + V3 + O
Negative :
S + Had + Not + V3 + O
Interrogative : Had + S + V3 + O ?
Manakala menggunakan kata
tanya/question word (when, where, who, why, what, which, how), kata tanya diletakkan sebelum had.
Penggunaan :
1. Menyatakan suatu kegiatan/tindakan yang terjadi sebelum kegiatan lain di waktu lampau ; biasanya ada dua atau lebih kegiatan yang beriringan.
Peristiwa yang menyusul lumrahnya dinyatakan dalam simple past.
Fini had gone to the store before she went home.
Before Fini went to campus, she had had her breakfast.
After Fini had had her breakfast, she went to campus.
He had already walked to school before I could offer him a ride.
2. Sebagai anak kalimat dalam conditional type-3 pengandaian yang bertentangan dengan apa yang sebenarnya terjadi di waktu lampau.
If you had come here yesterday, you would have had a good time with us.
If Prabu had studied harder, he would have passed the exams.
3. Untuk mengungkapkan peristiwa imajinatif yang terjadi sudah berlalu.
Ungkapan imajinatif lazimnya bercirikan terangkai dengan ungkapan wish, as, if, as though, dan if only.
I wish I had joined your journey to Thailand last holiday.
If only you had come here yesterday.
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE Pola :
Positive :
S + Had + Been + Vb.ing
Negative :
S + Had + Not + Been + Vb.ing
Interrogative :
Had + S + Been + Vb.ing ? Penggunaan :
1. Untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang dimulai sebelum waktu pembicaraan pada waktu lampau dan berjalan terus sampai waktu itu, atau baru saja selesai/terjadi sebelum orang itu berbicara. Tense ini umumnya menyatakan kegiatan/peristiwa berdurasi di waktu lampau.
Ratu had been living in Bandung for ten years before she moved to Boston.
Setiawan had been working for an educational consultant for five years before he retired.
I had been waiting for a bus for twenty minutes when I saw you.
2. Untuk menyatakan suatu tindakan atau peristiwa yang berlangsung dalam periode waktu tertentu di waktu lampau sebelum tindakan lain menyusul.
He had been walking to school before his father bought him a bicycle.
Ratu had been working hard, so her doctor told her to take a vacation.
SOAL LATIHAN
1. X : "Why didn’t you call me when Tony came to your house ?"
Y : "I’m sorry, I____."
A. sleept B. slept
C. am sleeping D. was sleeping E. has slept
C O S I N U S
2. A : "What was Anita doing when you arrived at her house yesterday ?"
B : "She___the flowers."
A. watered B. waters C. was watering D. will water E. has watering
3. The experts____the new invention in Biolohy several days ago.
A. states B. stated
C. were stating D. has stated E. have stated
4. Since I____here, he has been a head master of the school.
A. moved B. move C. was moving D. had moved E. have moved
5. Anna____the traditinal gown for five minutes when one of the botton came off.
A. is only wearing B. was only wearing C. had only been wearing D. wore
E. have were
6. X : "When did you take the book ?"
Y : "Yesterday, after I____some pens."
A. buy B. bought C. have bought D. had bought E. was buying
7. We allowed the children to watch their favourite TV program yesterday, only after they _______ doing their school assignment.
A. Were finishing B. Have finished C. Finish
D. Would finish E. Had finished
8. Until Kartini opened a school, Indonesian women _______ allowed to go to school.
A. Have not been B. Had not been
C. Are not
D. Wolud not have been E. Would not be
9. Diana____the medicine when she went to the market.
A. buys B. bought C. is buying D. had bought E. has bought
10. X : "When did you find the ancient tools ?"
Y : "When I _____ my garden."
A. plough B. ploghed C. am ploughing D. was ploughing E. has ploughed
11. “Why were you absent from the English class?”
“Because I _______ my homework.”
A. Don’t do B. Haven’t done C. Hadn’t done D. Won’t do E. Am not doing
12. The engine _______ Smoothly when it suddenly stopped.
A. Runs B. Running C. Has run D. Is running E. Was running
13. A taxi driver who witnessed the accident took my injured brother to the hospital and then _______ my parents.
A. Call B. Called C. Calling D. To call E. Was calling
14. ASEAN trade ministers _______ the possibility of developing economic cooperation before they attended the summit meeting last month.
A. Discuss B. Discussed C. Had discussed D. Were discussung E. Would discuss
C O S I N U S
15. “Last year I didn’t have to pay for my brother’s tuition fee.”
“That’s great. I heard he _______ a Scholarship from a foreign university.”
A. Receives B. Had received C. Was receiving D. Would receive E. Has received
16. He found the front door open although he _______ it before.
A. Be locked B. Had locked C. Had been locked D. Had been lockin E. Had to lock
17. “I wonder why Agus is absent. He might be sick.”
“He isn’t. I saw him when I _______ for the bus.”
A. Wait
B. Was waiting C. Had waited D. Is waiting E. Have waited
18. “Since when hasn’t she been feeling well?”
“Since she _______ from singapore.”
A. Returned B. Has returned C. Was returning D. Had returned E. Has been returning
19. “When did you realize you had lost your way?”
“When we _______ a dead-end road.”
A. Was reaching B. Reached C. Has needed D. Have reached E. Am reaching
20. We could not get a room at the Beach Hotel because we _______ reservations.
A. Would not make B. Had not made C. Do not make D. Were not making E. Have not made
TENSES - 3
PRESENT FUTURE
PRESENT FUTURE CONTINUOUS
PRESENT FUTURE PERFECT
PRESENT FUT. PAST. CONTINUOUS TENSES :
Adalah susunan / pola kalimat yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian / kegiatan pada waktu tertentu.
PRESENT FUTURE
Pola / susunan kalimat yang digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian / keadaan yang akan terjadi pada masa yang akan datang.
Time signal :
Tomorrow, tonight, this evening, soon, forever, nex____, ____later.
Pola Kalimat :
(+) : S + will/shall + inf/be + C (-) : S + will/shat + not + inf/be + c (?) : will/shall + S + inf/be + C + ? contoh :
She will go to the zoo tomorrow
I shall help you tonight
You will not come there soon
He will not be a doctor next year
Will they camp there tonight ?
Will you be a teacher 5 years later
Dina will be a nurse
Tono will be an engineer Pola lain :
(+) : S + tobe + going to +inf/be + C (-) : S + tobe + not + going to + inf/be + C (?) : tobe + S + going to + inf/be + C ? Contoh :
They are going to watch the movie tonight.
We are going to be the winner.
You are not going to fail the exam if you study hard.
She is not going to cook it.
Are you going to tell the story tomorrow ?
Is Hadi going to visit us later.
NB : Penggunaan TOBE GOING TO bermakna kejadiannya lebih pasti terjadi / terencana, dan penggunaan model bermakna kejadiannya belum pasti.
Contoh :
C O S I N U S
She is going to look for a job next year after finishing her study.
She will look for a job a next year.
PRESENT FUTURE CONTINUOUS Susunan / pola kalimat yang digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang akan sedang terjadi pada masa yang akan datang.
Time Signal : at this moment
at this time at this present
at___o' clock
}
+Future time¿tomorrow¿ next____¿¿ Contoh Soal : He will be studying the lesson at 10 p.m.
tomorrow.
We will be doing some experiments at this time next week.
You will not be looking for us at 2 a.m.
tonight.
They will not be watching the concert at this moment tomorrow.
Wil you be helping your mother cook at 8 a.m. tomorrow ?
Will he be painting the room at 4 p.m.
tomorrow ?
PRESENT FUTURE PERFECT
Susunan / pola kalimat yang digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang telah selesai pada masa yang akan datang.
Time Signal :
by this time the end
this moment } fut . time ¿ tomorrow next ___ ¿ ¿ ¿
by tomorrow next____
by the time + S + Vb1/tobe1
Pola Kalimat :
(+) : S + will/shall + have + been + vb-ing + C (-) : S + will/shall + not + have + been + vb-ing + C
(?) : will/shall + S + have + been + vb-ing + C +
?
Time Signal :
by this time the end
this moment } fut . time ¿ tomorrow next ___ ¿ ¿ ¿
by tomorrow next____
by the time + S + Vb1/tobe1
Contoh Soal :
The man will have been repairing the house by tomorrow.
You will not have been looking for a job by the end of this week.
We will not the company
Will you have been remaining the boy by next week ?
Will the lady have been waiting for her lovely husband ?
BY THE TIME + S. PRES. +
F . PERFECT F . P . CONTINUOUS
By the time the dark comes, will have found a village.
She will have been crying for hours by the time mother comes.
SOAL LATIHAN
1. A hundred people have died of starvation already, by the end of the week two hundred ____ unless we make an immadiate concrete action to help them.
A. die B. died
C. will have died D. had died
E. have been dying
2. Adi : Roy, you said you would take me to your mango garden, when will we go there ?
Roy : Well, I think we can go there next Sunday.
Adi : Are you sure that your mangos ___ by the time we come there ?
A. Will ripen B. Will ripened C. Will be ripening D. will have ripenned E. ripened
3. He doesn’t change the way he learns his lesson. I’m afraid he ___ the test.
C O S I N U S
A. Will lose B. Would lose C. Has lost D. had lost E. have lost
4. Tati : May I borrow your new novel ? Lina : Yes, but next Monday I ___ reading it by then.
A. would finish B. am finishing C. have finished D. will be finish E. will have finished
5. I forgot to bring my pen again.
Don’t worry I ___ you mine later A. awill lend
B. would lend C. have lent
D. am going to lend E. lent
6. Adi : Have you watered the flowers in the garden ?
Lia : Not yet, but I ___ watering them by the time the sunsets.
A. Will finish B. Have finished C. Can finish D. have to finish E. will have finished
7. X : When will your sister finish her study ? Y : I hope she ___ by July next year
A. will have graduated B. has graduated
C. will graduated
D. is going to graduating E. inters to graduate
8. Can you pick up me at around 2 p.m.
tomorrow ?
I’m sorry I can’t I ___ them A. am teaching
B. will be teaching C. have been teaching D. has taught
E. teach
9. X : Don’t you think the bus driver is too speeding ?
Y : Yes, Iam afraid he ___
A. eould endanger B. will endanger
C. will have been endangered D. has been endangered E. had endangered
10.Toto : Have you found the umbrella ? Titi : I think the rain will have stopped by the time you ____ it
A. finds B. to find C. find D. found E. will find
11. “Have you already decided where to go for holidays?”
“Certainly, we _______ to Italy.”
A. Go
B. Have gone C. Will have gone D. Are going
E. Will have been going
12. I wonder what I _______ this time next year.
A. Will be doing B. Am doing C. Do
D. Have done E. Will have done
13. I hope that by the time my father retires, I _______ a job
A. Get
B. Am getting C. Have got D. Got
E. Will have got
14. I can lend you the book next week because by that time I _______ reading it.
A. Will be finishing B. Have finished C. Am finishing D. Wil have finished E. Would finish
15. By the end of this week, he will have finished reading the novel, means:
A. He has finished reading the novel B. He may have finished reading the novel C. He was reading the novel
D. He will not finish reading the novel E. He has not finished reading the novel
and is going to finish reading it this week
C O S I N U S
16. “I don’t have my umbrella with me.”
“Don’t worry. By the time class is over, the rain _______.”
A. Had stopped B. Stopped C. Stops
D. Has stopped E. Will have stopped
17. When you arrive on the sixth floor, give this note to the secretary; and she _______ you to my office.
A. Directs B. To direct C. Directing D. Directed E. Will direct
18. By the time we get to the party, all the others will have eaten, and _______ no food left for us
A. Will be
B. It is going to be C. Will have been D. There is
E. There will be
19. “What are you planning to do with all these paintings?”
“I _______ them in the cultural center next month.”
A. To be exhibiting B. To exhibit C. Will exhibit D. Be exhibiting E. We exhibit
20. “I’m really worried about his health as his next semester starts two weeks from now.”
“Let’s just hope that by that time he _______”
A. Has recovered B. Is recovering C. Is going to recover D. Will have recovered E. Will be recovering.
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH DIRECT SPEECH
Adalah Kalimat langsung yaitu kalimat langsung yang diucapkan si pembicara .
INDIRECT SPEECH
Adalah kalimat tidak langsung yaitu kalimat yang diulangi oleh orang lain untuk menyampaikan informasi yang sama.
Dalam indirect speech terjadi perubahan karena tidak langsung yaitu :
A. PERUBAHAN TENSES
DIRECT INDIRECT
S. Present S. Past Pres. Cont Past. Cont Pres. Fut Past. Fut Pres. Perfect Past. Perfect B. PERUBAHAN WAKTU DAN TEMPAT
DIRECT INDIRECT
Here There This That Now Then Today That day Yesterday The before Last The following Tomorrow The after Next The following C. PERUBAHAN PRONOUN
Tergantung siapa bicara kepada siapa.
NB :
- Kalau ada I, me, my, mine, myself, berarti Subject
- Kalau ada You, You, Your, Yours, - Yourself berarti object.
BENTUK INDIRECT SPEECH A. AFFIRMATIF (+) (-)
said
S + told + (O) (that) + S+Vb/aux+C Answered reported word explained
Contoh :
- Anto says : I am hungry
Anto said (that) he was hungry
- Rina told Tono : “I sent you letter yesterday.”
Rina told Tono (that) she had sent her letter the day before.
NB :
Kalau general truth tenses tidak berubah Misal :
- The man says : The sun rises at the east.
The man said (that) the sun rises at the east.
B. INTEROGATIVE (?) asked if
S + wondered + (O) + whether + S+Vb/aux wanted to know Q.word
C O S I N U S
reported word Contoh :
- He said tome : Did you go to school yesterday?
Hes asked me if I had gone to school the previous day
- Teacher asks me : Can you do the home work alone?
Teacher asked me Whether I could do the home work alone
- Where do you live? The boy asks Mira
The boy wanted to know where Mira lived - How does Anto get there?
The man asked me how Anto got there C. IMPERATIVE
Contoh :
- She shouted : Don’t go there !
She shouted not to go there
- The old man said : Open your book page 20!
The old man said to open my book page 20 - Don’t cry baby! The boy said
The boy told not to cry baby
SOAL LATIHAN
1. The man told me not to touch his tools. The direct speech is ____
A. don’t touch my tools B. don’t touch his tools C. don’t to touch his tools D. not to touch his tools E. not touch my tools
2. Mother warned me; Keep watching your brother!
It means that ____
A. Mother warned me to keep watching your brother.
B. Mother warned me to keep watching my brother.
C. Mother warned me to keep watching her brother.
D. Mother warned me keep watching my brother.
E. Mother warned me keep watch my brother.
3. “She is very busy now” the man said.
The man said to me that _____
A. she is very busy now B. she was very busy now C. she was very busy then D. she is very busy then
E. she was very busy the day before 4. She said that she was in her room when the
thief came. The direct is she says ____ when the thief comes.
A. I was in my room B. I am in her room C. I was in her room D. I am in my room E. I had been in my room 5. “Will go there?”
The man wanted to know ____
A. if I would went there B. whether I will go there C. if he would go there D. if he will go there
E. whether I would go there
6. He wondered where I had gone the day before the direct is ____
A. he asked : where did you go yesterday?
B. he asked : where have you gone yesterday?
C. he asked : I went yesterday where?
D. he asked : where he went yesterday?
E. he asked : where he gone yesterday?
7. He asked me whether he ______ my car to go to the party.
A. can borrow B. may borrow C. might borrow D. might borrowed E. can borrows
8. Grandpa said that ____ to the sea.
A. river flows B. river flew C. river flowing D. river had flows E. river was flowing
9. Not to come late Direct is _____
Teacher orders the students ____
A. don’t come late B. don’t coming late C. don’t to come late D. not to come late E. not come late S + Vb2 +(o) + to inf (+)
Bebas Not to inf (-)
C O S I N U S
10. They wanted to know ____
A. when he comes in B. when he came in C. when he was come in D. when he had coming in E. he comes when
11. The foreman said: “Finish your task and do it well!” means:
A. The foreman asked to finish his task and to do it well
B. The forman ordered me to finish my task and to do it well
C. The foreman asked me to finish my task and do it well
D. The foreman told me to finish his task and do it well
E. The foreman told me to finish your task and do it well
12. “What did the policeman tell your brother after his car hit the lamp post?”
“He told my brother _________ while driving.”
A. Not to use cell phones B. Not using cell phones C. He doesn’t use cell phones D. Doesn’t use cell phones E. His not using cell phones
13. “What was the last thing you said to the students just now?”
“_________ to campus”
A. Not to wear sandals B. You don’t wear sandals C. They don’t wear sandals D. For not wearing sandals E. Wearing no sandals
14. My parents advised my sister _________ too much money on clothes.
A. Do not spend B. Not to spend C. Did not spend D. Not spending E. Not spend
15. As the road had become very slippery after the rain, i told the bus driver ________
A. Do not speed B. Not to speed C. Let us not speed D. Not speeding E. He does not speed
16. The girl begged the robber ________
A. Don’t take my money B. Not taking her money C. Not to take her money D. He didn’t take her money
E. He’d better not to take her money 17. “What did the cashier of the bookstore tell
you?”
“_________ with credit card”
a. Not paying b. Not pay c. Let’s not pay d. Not to pay e. Did not pay
18. ______________________ in the demonstration.
A. I ordered them to not become involved B. I ordered not to become involved to
them
C. I ordered them not to become involved D. I ordered to them become not involved E. I ordered become not involved to them 19. I told him ____________________________
A. To take the first turning to the left B. Take the first turning to the left C. You take the first turning to the left D. Taking the first turning to the left
E. That he takes the first turning to the left 20. Mother warned her ___________ the newly
painted wall A. Not touched B. Not touching C. Not to touch D. Not touch E. Do not touch
C O S I N U S
EXPRESSING REGRET, SIMPHATY, ASKING AND GIVING ADVICE
Functional skills are the ability to use language in speech act to make a good communication or interaction in progmatic context. (Functional skill adalah kemapuan untuk menggunakan bahasa dalam tindak tutur guna melangsungkan suatu komunikasi atau interaksi dalam konteks pragmatik). Based on progmatic function as communication, speech acts include in ability to tell what is in mind feeling to the people.
(Berdasarkan fungsi pragmatik sebagai komunikasi, tindak tutur meliputi kemampuan untuk menyampaikan apa yang ada dalam pikiran dan menyampaikan perasaan kepada orang lain). In this topic, we’ll talk about expressing of regret / symphaty to something or someone and asking / giving advice.
(Pada topik ini kita akan membicarakan tentang ungkapan penyesalan / simpati terhadap sesuatu atau seseorang. Kita juga
akan membicarakan tentang meminta dan memberikan nasehat kepada orang lain.) Expressing Sympathy
Expressing sympathy is the expression when we want to say our feeling about the sadness and happiness of someone.
(Ungkapan symphaty adalah ungkapan ketika kita ingin menyampaikan perasaan kita tentang kesedihan dan kegembiraan seseorang).
Sadness = kesedihan
You may express your sympathy by using:
(Kamu bisa mengekspresikan rasa simpatimu dengan mengucapkan) :
- I’am sorry to hear that!
- Oh, that’s too bad. I’m sorry to hear that - That’s a shame
- How awful!
- How terrible!
- Poor!
Read the conversation below : Lamson : “Good morning, Michael.”
Lydia : “Good morning, Lamson How are you?”
Lamson : “I’m fine. Thanks you, and you?”
Lydia : “I’m not so fine. I have headache.”
Lamson : “I’m sorry to hear that.
Have you taken you medicine.”
Lydia : “I have, but I still feel sick.”
Lamson : “I hope wil be recover soon.”
Lydia : “Thank you.”
Read another conversation below :
A : My father is in hospital. He is going to have an
operation.
B : I’m sorry to hear that
A : I scratched the door of his new car.
B : Oh, that is too bad.
Happiness = Kegembiraan
You may express your sympathy by using : (Kamu bisa mengekspresikan rasa simpatimu dengan mengucapkan):
- I’m happy to know it - I’m happy to hear it - I’m glad to know it - I’m glad to hear it - How great
Read the conversation below :
Tika : “Hi, Lia. I’d like invite you to come to my
house next week.”
Bimbel COSINUS Medan MODUL SMA KELAS XII SEM-1
BAHASA INGGRIS
1 SOAL
2
C O S I N U S
Lia : “What going on?”
Tika : “My sister has her wedding party.”
Lia : “Really? I’ very happy to hear that.
I will
come.”
Tika : “Thank you. I will be waiting for you coming.”
Advice / Suggestion = Nasehat / Saran You may express by using :
- Why don’t you see the doctor?
- Have you thought of seeing the doctor?
- It would be a good idea to see the doctor - Perhaps, you should lie down
- Perhaps you ought to lie down
- Perhaps you had better not go go working today
- You need to / ought to / should___
- Make sure you___
- Its best to____
Respon
1. Accepting Advice / Suggestion (Menerima nasehat / saran)
- Yes, I will
- Yes, may be I should - Yes, I suppose I should - Yes, I guess I should - Yes, I’ll do it
- Ok - All right
2. Refusing Advice / Suggestion (Menolak nasehat / saran)
- Oh, I don’t think it is necessary - I guess not
- I don’t think so - Oh, no
- No, thanks -
SOAL LATIHAN
19. Lisa : "Well, you have certainly hurt her with your joke."
Ari : "That’s not true. I know she will not be angry. She is very kind."
The underlined phrase shows us that is___
A. Expressing sympathy B. Expressing regreat C. Expressing agreement D. Expressing disagreement E. Expressing giving advice
20. X : "Excuse me, Sir !___ here, the parking lot is over there."
Y : "Oh, I am sorry, I don’t know about it."
A. you may park B. you should park C. you are not to park D. you are supposed to park E. you don’t have to park
3. Debi : "You look thirsty, Lia. Will you have something to drink ?"
Lia : "_____, I’m fasting."
Debi : "Oh, I;m sorry. I don’t know."
A. I’d love to, thanks!
B. Sure, with pleasure!
C. That’s alright, thank you!
D. Oh, thank you, I’d love some E. Not at his moment, thanks
4. Clerk : "Excuse me, sir! This is non parking area."
Guest : "Oh,____I don’t see the sign."
A. how sorry B. it’s a pity C. I’m sorry
D.with my pleasure E. I accept your apologies
5. Novianti : "Hi Hendra, I wish the earthquake had not hurt your family at all."
Hendra : "Thank God. We lucky we all could escape."
Novianti : “______”
A. I’m sorry to hear that B. I’m happy to hear that C. You’re right
D. That’s good idea E. Thank you very much
Teacher : "It’s Ok. You should go earlier next time."
Roy : "Sure, I haven’t heard about her for a long
time."
Ria : "She will get married next Sunday."
Roy : "_____"
Putri : "I failed. The test was too difficult"
Reza : "____to hear that. But there is another
chance."
C O S I N U S
6. Dona is at a station information desk. She is asking about the train to Padang.
Dona : "____ do you know that time the next train leaves for Padang ?"
The Man : "In an hour, just wait."
A. How I know B. I’m very sorry C. Sorry to trouble you D. I beg your pardon E. Attention, please
7. Abi : "Hi Rio, I haven’t seen you for a long time, where have you been ?"
Rio : "I’ve been to Surabaya. I’ve got a job.
I’ve been working for a logging company."
Lisa : "Really ?____"
A. Good you are
B. I’m glad to hear that C. Oh my God
D. I am sorry to hear that E. That’s alright
8. I want to have a healthier lifestyle. What should Ido?
A. Don’t do it
B. You should sleep better, eat healthier and do workout
C. I don’t like eating vegetables D. Just do it
E. Nevermind
9. Alex : You look unhealthy, Boy.
Bryan : Yes, I get headache and a stomachache/
Alex : You should go to a doctor. Come on, I will accompany you.
Bryan : Ok
The underlined words show __________ ? A. Agreement
B. Disagreement C. Advice
D. Necessity E. Plan
10. You should _________ to pass the test A. Study hard
B. Studying C. Studying hard D. Studied
E. Studied hard
11. Jeys : I have a bad headache.
James : You’d better ________
A. Taking an aspirin
B. An aspirin C. Take an aspirin D. To take an aspirin E. Took an aspirin
12. Roby : My sister has been sick for three days. So I have to accompany her in the hospital.
Dicky : ________. I hope she will het better soon.
Roby : Thanks.
A. I am sorry to hear that B. Thank you
C. I don’t care about it D. I am happy to hear that E. Congratulation
13. Jane : Hi Tia, I saw you with Mira yesterday at the police office. What happened?
Tiara : Really? I accompanied Miranda to report the police. Miranda lost her purse when I was in the market.
Jane : What a terrible situation for you.
The underlined expression expresses ________
A. Asking help B. Asking opinion C. Giving advice D. Showing sympathy E. Agreement
14. Budi : Why was shifa absent yesterday?
Dina : Her father passed away
Budi : ________. Why didn’t you tell me before?
Dina : I have just heard about it A. How happy you are
B. It doesn’t make me sad C. You are wrong
D. I am deeply sorry to hear that E. Oh, congratulation
15. Steve : “Ouch”
Father : What’s wrong with you, son?
Steve : I cut my finger while cutting this carrot.
Father : ________, put the medicine on it A. How happy you are
B. It doesn’t hurt me C. You are wrong
D. I don’t know about that E. Oh, dear
C O S I N U S
16. Mary failed again in the test. She ________
harder
A. Had better study B. Need to study C. Better study D. Study
E. Studied
17. Stefany : I am not good at English Vanissa : ________
“Complete the dialogue above with an advice
A. I should practise English every day B. Why don’t you take an English course
and practise every day?
C. Do you like English?
D. I must take an English course E. You must sleep often
18. Which of the following is used to ask for a suggestion?
A. What should I do?
B. I think you shouldn’t do that C. I don’t think so
D. I think you should ask for a suggestion E. Let’s take his advice
19. A ________ is the highest point of something.
A. Crust B. Peak C. Ditch D. Slope
CONJUNCTION I. CONJUNCTION
Conjuntion adalah kata hubung yang menghubungkan 2 hal sama yaitu kata dengan kata, kalimat dengan kalimat, dst Conjunction dapat dikelompokkan berdasarkan arti dan fungsinya yaitu : (1) Sebab – akibat
Karena, sebab because
|as
|since
|for¿
+clause (S+aux/Vb)
because of
|as result of
|due to
|owning to
|thanks to
¿
+Phrase(Noun , Vbing , Adj+Noun)
Example :
The days were short, as/for/since/because it was not December
The days were short, because of not December
Due to/because of the end bad weather, the flight is postponed
Thanks to/owing to Prof. Alwi’s helps, I could finish my thesis.
Tujuan (Purpose)
so that
⟩in order that
¿ ¿ + S+Vb/aux
kal ¿ In order to + inf / be + C ¿¿
Contoh :
- We study hard so that we pass the test.
- We study hard in order to pass the test.
- I study hard so that I am clever.
- I study hard in order to be clever.
Time when
⟩whenever
⟩every where
¿
¿ +kal
S+ Vb aux+C
¿ Contoh :
- When I came, she was cooking She had been cooking for 2 hours when you arrived
Place where
⟩wherever
⟩every where
¿
¿ +kal S+ Vb
aux+C¿ Contoh :
- I don’t know where he has gone.
- He will follows wherever I go
C O S I N U S
Tambahan informasi (additional) 1) Selain itu, lagi pula :
besides
|in addition
|furthermore
|moreover
¿
+clause (S+aux/vb) 2) Tidak hanya….tapi juga
Not only____but also____
Not only___but___as well Example :
Ratu has a good manners besides she is beautiful.
The way he smiles not only attracts many girls but also makes them crazy about him.
Persyaratan (Condition) (1) Jika, bila, andaikan
if
|provided that
|as long as
¿
+clause (S+aux/vb) Example :
If/provided that/as long as you come with me for a joyride tonight, you will have a great fun.
(2) Jika tidak Unless Example :
If it doesn’t rain tonight, I will go to Lembang with her.
Unless it rains tonight, I will go to Lembang with her.
(3) Oleh karena itu, jadi, sehingga so
|therefore
|thus
|consequently
|hence
¿
+clause (S+aux/vb)
Example :
Our cases were too heavy, so we took a taxi
There is fog at Cijoho, therefore, the place has been verted
Begitu____sehingga___
So___sehingga___
Such____that____
Example :
He ran so fast that I couldn’t beat him.
It was such a cold day that we had to stop the game.
Pertentangan (Concession)
1)
although
|though
|eventhough
¿
+clause (S+aux/vb) despite
|inspite of
¿
+Vbing/Noun 2) Tapi, namun, demikianpun
however
|nevertheless
¿
+S+aux/Vb 3) sayangnya, namun halnya
still
|yet
|but¿
+S+aux/vb 4) Padahal
where as + A + aux/vb while + S + aux/vb 5) Sementara
while + S + aux/vb
I think that my mother will be interested in reading this novel while my father won’t
SOAL LATIHAN
19. The fact is _______, that nicotine is a depressant saps your energy.
A. moreover B. howeover C. in addition D. furthermore E. for instance
20. He does not earn much however _______.
A. He works very hard for it
B. He is unable to meet his daily necessities
C. He was careful in spending his money D. Can afford to make a trip to Europe E. He complains about his financial 21. ____ only a part of our mind is paying
attention, it is easy to go into mind drift - thinking about other things while listening to someone.
A. whether B. until C. since D. before E. as if
22. _______ she likes him very much, she
C O S I N U S
A. since B. because C. wherever D. even though E. however
23. ______ the last lunar mission took place over thirty ago, the desire to see people return to the moon seems as strong now as in the 1960s.
A. when B. since C. although D. before E. As
24.X : “How were you doing your exam?”
Y : “Not very well _______ I studied hard for It.”
A. while B. since C. despite D. although E. wherever
25. Kerosene lamps had been used in every house in this village until _______ in remote places.
A. People started using them B. There was no electricity at all C. People think it is cheap energy D. There was no other kind of energy E. The government installed electricity 26. In spite of the many vacancies in a
neighboring factory, the unemployed in my village cannot get work because _____.
A. They need money B. They are unskilled C. They are unfamiliar D. They work part - time E. They have jobs
27. My brother’s coming had been delayed ______ his mother-in law was dead.
A. As
B. Because of C. Nevertheless D. Otherwise E. However
28. ________ the village is located in the dangerous zone of Mt. Merapi, the people do not want to leave their home
A. Because
B. while C. although D. since E. before
29. The child hid behind his mother _______ he was afraid of the dog.
A. For B. And C. Or D. So E. Yet
30. ________ the earthquake had made the region unsafe for living, the villagers were willing to transmigrate
A. In order that B. Whereas C. Until D. So that E. Since
31. “Mom why do you insist on my wearing a jacket”
“_______ I’m sure it’s going to be very cold outside.”
A. Until B. Since C. Although D. So that E. Because of
32. There was a road construction near our office; therefore, ___________
A. People prefer taking that road to work B. Many people were passing that road C. Cars were directed to pass that road D. it was very quiet in that area
E. He had to take a different route to work 33. People living in the outskirts of jakarta are
suffering from dengue fever; therefore, they _________
A. Cannot be contaminated B. Are not aware of the danger C. Do not have to go to the hospital D. Badly need medical help
E. Keep themselves healthy
34. There was nothing for dinner; __________, we had to go to a grocery store.
A. Otherwise B. Moreover C. Besides
C O S I N U S
D. However E. Therefore
35. Father was so happy about his promotion __________ he promised to take us to an expensive restaurant.
A. Until B. When C. Although D. That E. Since
36. “I was late because I caught the wrong bus”
Means... “I caught the wrong bus _________
I was late A. Although B. But C. So that D. So E. When
37. When I go shopping in the city centre, I never drive my car _________ I won’t have the problem of finding a parking space A. So that
B. However C. Furthermore D. Even though E. While
20. ____________ he was defeated for the presidency three times, William Jennings Bryan was a major influence in the United states
A. When B. Because C. Inspite of D. But E. Although CONDITIONAL
OPEN CONDITIONAL (TIPE – 1)
IMPROBABLE CONDITIONAL (TIPE-2)
IMPOSSIBLE CONDITIONAL (TIPE – 3) Conditional merupakan kalimat yang menyatakan bentuk – bentuk pengandaian.
Yang menggunakan kata “IF” yang artinya jika, andai, kalau.
Conditional mempunyai tiga tipe yaitu :
OPEN CONDITIONAL (TIPE-1)
Bentuk pengandian yang menyatakan pengandaian yang mungkin terjadi dimasa sekarang dan masa yang akan datang.
Tenses yang digunakan : - Main Clause :
Simple Future Tense S +
Will
Shall + Inf/Be - If Clause :
Simple Present Tense S + Verb-1/is,am,are
Meaning :
Masih mungkin terjadi maka kita mencari kata seperti perhaps, possible, probable (- ly) may be dalam tense “ present”.
Examples :
- If I have much money, I’ll buy this hotel.
- I will do it if you give me the order.
- The students will pass the SNMPTN 2012 if they study hard and seriously.
- My sister will study into University if she wants it.
Means :
Perhaps, she studies in university or it’s possible she wants it.
IMPROBABLE CONDITIONAL (TIPE-2) Kalimat yang menyatakan bentuk pengandaian yang tidak mungkin lagi terjadi pada masa sekarang.
Meaning :
Bertentangan dengan kalimat
pengandaiannya dan tenses yang digunakan adalah Present Tense.
Pattern
- Main Clause (Induk Kalimat) Past Future Tense
S + Would
Should + Inf/Be - If Clause
Simple Past S +
Verb−2 Were Examples :
- They would get a better view if they climbed the hill higher.
C O S I N U S
- She would have a new born baby if she got married last year.
- If I were you, I would come to her house very often.
- She would study abroad if she were rich.
Note :
Penghilangan “ if “ pada tipe –2 yaitu : If + S + were … == were + S….
IMPOSIBLE CONDITIONAL (TIPE-3) Bentuk kalimat pengandaian yang tidak mungkin terjadi lagi pada masa lalu.
Meaning :
Bertentangan dengan kalimat
pengandaiannya dan bentuknya dalam bentuk Simple Past Tense.
Pattern :
- Main Clause
Past Future Perfect S +
Would
Should + Have + P-3/Been - If Clause :
Past Perfect
S + Had + P-3/Been
Dapat juga terjadi penghilangan “IF”
Examples :
- The student would have passed the examinations, if they had studied hard.
- The man would have met me if he had come earlier.
- She might have forgot me if she had come here to see me.
- Is she had been rich she could have studied abroad.
- If they had studied seriously they could have passed the test.
Contoh Penghilangan If :
If she were you, she would be the winner, menjadi were she you, she would be the winner.
If the company had been fair in giving the bonuses, the employees wouldn’t have gone on strike.
Menjadi :
Had the company been fair in giving the bonuses, the employees wouldn’t have gone on strike.
If someone had taken her book, she would have told the teacher.
Menjadi :
Had someone taken her book, she would have told the teacher.
If the doctor were here, he would immediately examine Mary.
Menjadi :
Were the doctor here, he would immediately examine Mary.
SOAL LATIHAN
1. “Had the company been fair in giving bonuses, the employees would not have gone on strike”
From the above sentences we may conclude that
A. The employees are still going on strike.
B. The company has given the employees fair bonuses
C. The employees were not given bonuses D. The company has lost many employees E. The employees were quite dissatisfied 2. She didn’t agree with us that’s why she
went out of the conference hall. We can also say ____, she wouldn’t have gone out of the conference hall
A. If she agreed with us B. If she agreed with us
C. If she hadn’t agreed with us D. She didn’t agree with us E. If she agrees with us
3. Someone ____ you if you resigned now.
A. could replace B. can replace
C. could have replaced D. could be replacing E. replaced
4. If he ____ my heart, I could fall in love with him.
A. has stolen B. stole C. had stolen D. steal
E. would s teal
If + S + Had + P-3/Been Had + S + P-
3/Been
C O S I N U S
5. If I had much time, I would go sailing all over the world. It means _____
A. I have plenty of time
B. I went sailing all over the world C. I don’t want to go sailing D. I had much time
E. I didn’t have much time
6. I could have explained it to you if I ______
that sentence
A. have understood B. understand C. had understood D. would understand E. understood
7. “ Why didn’t you buy those shoes ? you seemed to like them”
“ I would have if they had been cheaper”.
The answer means :
A. I did bought the shoes B. I was not against the prices C. The shoes were too expensive D. I looked for a more expensive pair E. The shoes he promise you ?”
8. “ What did he promise you ?”
“ ___ if he won the lottery “ A. He treats me
B. Treating me C. That he treats me
D. He would have treated me E. He would treat me
9. If someone had taken her books, she ____
the teacher.
A. Would have told it to B. Would had told it to C. Will have told it to D. Had told it to E. Would tell it to
10. “I’m sure he will be successful in his job”
“ Yes_________
A. If he should work hard enough B. If he works hard enough C. If he worked hard enough D. If he had worked hard enough E. If he work hard enough
11. If the earth could be squeezed enough to become a black hole, it _________ the size of marble.
A. Were
B. Has been C. Would be
D. Would have been E. Will be
12. If you were going to participate in a big athletic contest or give an important business presentation, you ________ the same way.
A. Will feel B. Had felt C. Would feel D. Feel E. Felt
13. My younger brother thinks that everybody can become an astronaut. He often asks himself. “ What ________ if I were an astronaut?”
A. Do I do B. Will I do C. Would I do D. Am I doing E. Am I going to do
14. If the mechanic had done his work properly, you ________ no problems with your car yesterday.
A. Would have had B. Would have C. Will have D. Have had E. Had had
15. If he hadn’t been promoted, he’d have quit his job. The underlined words means _________
A. He kept his job B. He lost his job
C. He would like to keep the job D. He didn’t like to keep his job E. He had to keep his job
16. If our school had been able to get enough sponsors for our marching band, we would have participated in the Festifal in March.
We may conclude that __________
A. The donated fund were insufficient B. There were many donors
C. We were not able to go
D. We succeeded in getting a trophy E. We refused to take part
17. Had they invited fewer people, the party could have been held at their house.
C O S I N U S
We may conclude that ________
A. It was only a small party
B. Their house was crowded with people C. The party was held at the Bhayangkara
hall
D. The guests enjoyed the party at their house
E. Not many people invited to the party came
18. If they __________ They would have found me.
A. Wait B. Waited C. Had waited D. Would wait E. Were waiting
19. I could never have finished my work if my brother _________ me.
A. Didn’t help B. Hadn’t helped C. Wasn’t helping D. hasn’t helped E. Doesn’t help
20. Had he handed the application letter earlier, he _______ last week.
A. Would be allowed to join the interview test
B. Was being allowed to join the interview test
C. Would have been allowed to join the interview test
D. He will have been allowed to join the interview test
E. He was allowed to join the interview test
PARTICIPLE
Present Participle
Past Participle
Perfect Participle
PARTICIPLE
Secara umum adalah kata kerja bentuk ke-3.(P3).
PRESENT PARTICIPLE adalah kata kerja (Vb + ing) Contoh :
Sleeping, helping, knowing, Crying, running, etc.
1. Membentuk Compound Noun
Present Participle disini berfungsi sebagai Adjective (kata sifat).
Pola :
Pres. Part + Noun Contoh :
Sleeping child, barking dog, singing bird, etc.
NB : Terjemahannya adalah yang ber-/yang me- atau sedang ber- / yang me-.
Contoh :
- The lady tiptoed to the rooom. In order not to wake up the sleeping baby.
- They kill the barking dog
2. Setelah Kata Kerja Tertentu (Certain Verb) leave
catch + obj + Pres. Part find
Contoh :
- I left my friends sleeping.
- When we came came we found all the student reading their books.
- Ana catches Andi stealing
3. Setelah Kata Kerja Yang Berhubungan dengan Panca Indera (Verb Of Sensation) See, watch, look
Observe, listen, hear obj + Feel, taste, smell
Contoh :
- She writers her father shouting
- When they came home last night they saw a man trying to get on our roof.
- I watch the girl sing.
4. Sebagai Subjek Kalimat Majemuk a. Pres. Part……, Pres.Past tense
Contoh :
- Swimming in the pool, I got skill inflammation.
- Walking in the park, he looked a girl.
b. Pres.Part + that clause, Pres/Past Tense Contoh :
- Knowing that I liked him, he tried to open his own heart.
- Realizing that she made a mistake, she apologized some.
c. Being +
Noun
Adj
, Pres / Past. Tense Contoh :- Being a student, Anto studies hard.
- Being rich, Mira became proud.
Meaning Because
As S.Pres / S.Past
Inf (seluruh) Pres. Part (sebagian )
C O S I N U S
Since For When While Contoh :
Walking in the park, he looked a girl.
Meaning Because As Since For When While
PAST PARTICIPLE Adalah kata kerja ke-3 (P3) Mis : slept, painted, built etc.
Contoh :
- We found the stolen car.
- People respect educated man 1. Sebagai Subjek Kalimat Majemuk
Past Part……..,Pres/Past Tense Contoh :
- Situated near beautiful beach, the town became a popular tourist resort soon.
- Surrounded by mountains, the city has a cool climate.
Meaning Because As Since For When While
PREFECT PARTICIPLE Adalah Having + P3 atau
Having + Been + P3
1. Sebagai Subjek Kalimat Majemuk Having P3
Having+ Been P3……, S.Pres/S.Past Contoh :
- Having switched off the light, He slept.
- Having been watered, the flower became fresh.
- Having kissed me, he left.
Meaning
After
Having P3 Subject + had + P3 After
Having + Been + P3 Subject + had + been + P3 Contoh :
- Having switched off the light, he slept.
Meaning
After he had switched off the light.
SOAL LATIHAN
3. …….the student prepared a report A. Finished his survey
B. He finished his survey C. Having finished his survey D. He has finished his survey E. He has finish his survey
4. ……near a beautiful beach, the town soon became a popular tourist resort.
A. Situation B. It is situated C. Situating D. Situates E. Situated
5. "what have people recently found in wonoboyo ? “
“ ______”
A. they hid a treasure B. hiding a treasure C. a treasure hiding
D. the treasure was hidden E. a hidden treasure
6. Having read the document carefully, _____________
A. The manager signed it
B. The manager’s signature was affixed C. The document is signed by the manager D. It was signed by the manager
E. The document that is signed by the manager
7. ……her mistake, the stewardess immediately apologized to the passenger A. Realized
B. In realizing C. Realizes D. She realized E. Realizing
Continuous
He walked in the He was walking park
The city is
surrounded
The city is being
C O S I N U S
8. Impressed by the performance of the new student, _____________________________
A. He became chairman of the class B. The class needed him as chairman C. A chairman of the class was appointed D. The teacher appointed him chairman of
the class
E. The class had a new energetic chairman 9. Having finished her work the must went
home. The underlined work means.
A. although she had finished the work B. after she had finished her work C. she was had finishing the work D. if she had finished her work E. she had to finish her work
10. When we came last night, we saw a man
….to get on our roof.
A. he tries B. tried
C. to be trying D. to try E. trying
11. Two of my friends….in the school fights last weekend have been arrested by the police.
A. they were involved B. involved
C. to be involved D. in involved E. were involved
12. …..it was going to train, he took his raincoat with him
A. Because he know that B. It was known that C. Knowing that D. Known that
13. Walking home,
_________________________________.
A. A noise frightened the little girl B. The little girl frightened the noise C. The noise was frightened by the girl D. The girl was frightened by the noise E. The frightened was the girl
14. Living in a remote mountainous area in
West Java,
______________________________________
A. People can still see how Badui people live in simplicity
B. Natural resources can be effectively conserved by the badui people
C. The Badui people are almost completely untouched by modern life
D. How The Badui people maintain their old way of life is amazing
E. Modern technology has hardly ever touched the Badui people
15. ________________, Setiawan decided to continue his study in Auatralia to take a Ph.D. title.
A. He graduated from his master degree B. After he graduates from his master
degree
C. Having graduated from his master degree
D. His master degree had been graduated E. He had graduated from his master
degree
16. Slowly and Carefully the police entered the dense forest _____________ the robbers’
hiding place.
A. Surround
B. Which surrounding C. Surrounding D. Surrounded E. Surrounds
17. The police ____________ the robbery are looking for three men
A. Are investigating B. They investigate C. Investigating D. Investigated E. Investigate
18. There was an earthquake in my hometown last year. It was just small one, but I could feel the ground
A. Shaking B. Shaken C. To shake D. To be shaken E. Shook
19. When we came home last night, we saw a man _________ to get on our roof
A. He tries B. Tried
C. To be trying D. To try E. Trying
C O S I N U S
20. The importance of the laser lies in the great variety of its uses and the great number of benefits ___________ in the field of medicine.
A. Is expected B. Expected C. It expected D. Expecting E. To expect
19. ________ for five years in the marketing department, I feel well qualified to apply for the job of marketing manager advertised in the newspaper.
A. Worked
B. Having worked C. Have worked D. I have worked E. To work
20. __________ to life imprisonment, the murderer of his wife appealed to the Higher Court of Justice
A. Sentencing
B. He was sentenced C. To be sentenced D. Sentenced E. To sentence
