INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF MARINE LIFE AND UTILIZATION
e-ISSN: 2722-0966Vol. 3 Issue 1
Environmental friendliness of fishing gears in Kranji, Lamongan Regency
Meilia Atikasari1*, Asri Sawiji1, Toha Muslih2
1Marine Science Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya, Indonesia 2 Marine and Fishery Office of Lamongan Regency, Indonesia
*E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT
Increasing time has made technological advances increase, including in the field of fisheries which has a positive impact on fishing business in Indonesia. Environmentally friendly fishing technology is a fishing gear that does not have a negative impact on the environment. The use of environmentally friendly fishing gear is very important to be applied in the fishing process in certain waters. This study was conducted in Kranji Village, Paciran District, Lamongan Regency. The purpose of this study is to analyse the level of friendliness of fishing gear in Kranji Village, besides the specifications, operating methods, and variety of catches. The research method used survey and in-depth interviews with related parties related to the results of research and the level of friendliness of fishing gear. The weighting determination of the level of environmental friendliness of fishing gear is based on the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). The results of this study shows that the purse seine fishing gear, cob nets, gill nets and payang are environmentally friendly fishing gears, while mini trawlers are non-environmentally friendly fishing gear. This indicates that the presence of trawling gear can affect the decline in fishery resources in Kranji, Lamongan Regency.
Keywords: fishing gear, purse seine, cob net, gill net, payang, mini trawl, environmental friendliness INTRODUCTION
The increasing time has made advances in technology increasing, including in the fisheries sector which has a positive impact on fishing business in Indonesia. This can be proven by the increasing production of fisher's catch every year. Competition between fisher to get as many catches as possible can cause anxiety about overfishing of fish availability in existing waters.
Environmentally friendly fishing technology is a fishing gear that does not have a negative impact on the environment. It can be seen, namely the extent to which the fishing gear does not damage the bottom of the waters, the possibility of losing fishing gear, and the impact on pollution. Other factors can also be seen from the impact on biodiversity and target fish, namely including the composition of the catch, and the presence of by-catch and the capture of young fish [1,2].
Fishing gear is the main important thing needs to be considered by fisher. Fishing gear is a means or tools used by fisher to find fish in the sea. When looking for fish in the sea, what fisher must do first is to make sure the suitable equipment is used to catch the target that is being targeted [3].
As the main means of capture fisheries business, fishing gear needs to be regulated in such a way so that it does not have a negative impact on users of fishery resources, as well as the aquatic environment and users of other aquatic services. Although fish resources are included as a resource that can be recovered but not
unlimited, therefore its sustainability needs to be maintained. In history, it has been noted that errors in anticipating the dynamics of a fishing gear can also lead to the extinction of fish resources in the sea [4,5].
The use of environmentally friendly fishing gear is very important to be applied in the fishing process as an effort to preserve and sustain fish resources in the future.
Therefore, it is necessary to assess the level of environmental friendliness of a fishing gear. Based on the description above, it is necessary to conduct study on the level of environmental friendliness of fishing gear in Kranji Village, Paciran District, Lamongan Regency.
METHODS Data Collection
This study was conducted on 18 August to 19 October 2020 at the Fish Auction Place (Tempat Pelelangan Ikan/TPI) Kranji Village, Paciran District, Lamongan Regency, East Java. This study uses primary data i.e. fishing gear specifications, operation mode, and catch variety variation. Data collection approach include survey and in-depth interviews with related parties related to the results of research and the level of friendliness of environmental equipment.
Data Processing
The primary data that has been obtained then weighting is based on nine criteria for environmentally friendly fishing gear as shown in Table-1 [6]. The score of weighting then calculated to determine the score for the
14 level of environmental friendliness. The environmental friendliness score is obtained from the calculation using the Equation (1).
𝑋=∑ 𝑋𝑁𝑛 (1)
where X is value of the level of friendliness fishing gear environment, Xn is total weight value, and N is number of respondents.
Data Analysis
Analysis is done after processing data on the level of fishing gear friendliness. The score obtained is then analyzed according to the [6]. Weighting the level of environmental friendliness is divided into four criteria based on scores of values as follows: 1-9 very unfriendly to the environment, 10-18 not environmentally friendly, 19-27 environmentally friendly, and 28-36 very environmentally friendly.
Table-1. Criteria for environmentally friendly fishing gear
No Criteria Subcriteria Score
1 Has high selectivity Catch more than three species of fish with variations of different sizes Catch three species of fish or less with variations of different sizes Catch less than three species of relatively uniform sizes
Catch one species of fish with a relatively uniform sizes
1 2 3 4 2 Does not damage the
aquatic environment Causes habitat destruction over large areas Causes habitat destruction in a narrow area Causes damage to some habitats in a narrow area Safe for habitat
1 2 3 4 3 Does not endanger
fisher Dead and rotten fish
Dead, fresh, phsycally deformed fish Dead and fresh fish
Live fish
1 2 3 4 4 Produces high quality
fish Can result in death of fisher
Can result in permanent disability to fisher Only temporary health problems
Safe for fisher
1 2 3 4 5 Does not endanger
consumer Great opportunity to cause death to consumers Potential to cause health problems in consumers Relatively safe for consumers
Safe for consumers
1 2 3 4 6 Non-target catch is
minimum By-catch how many species and not sold in the market
By-catch how many species are there and what types sell well on the market By-catch less than theree species and sell well in the market
By-catch is less than three species and has a high price
1 2 3 4 7 Does not damage the
habitat Causing the death of all living things and destroying habitats Causes the death of several species and destroys habitats Causes death of several species but does not damage habitats Safe for biodiversity
1 2 3 4 8 No harm to protected
fish Protected fish is often caught Protected fish is caught several times A protected fish has been caught Protected fish is never caught
1 2 3 4 9 Socially accepted Low investment costs
Economically profitable
Does not conflict with local culture Does not conflict with existing regulations
1 2 3 4 Total 36
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Purse Seine and Cob Net
Small purse seines can be operated entirely by hand in small scale fisheries. In artisanal or semi-industrial fisheries, the purse seine handling equipment may include:
apurse seine winch or acapstan, a purse line reel, a brailer and a power block and in some fisheries, a net drum. In industrial purse seine fishery, the basic equipment include, in general: a hydraulicpower block or triplex roller, a powerful purse seine winch, a number of derricks, including abrailer or afish pump, and small winches, an auxiliary boat "skiff" [6].
1. Specifications
The purse seine and cob nets in TPI Kranji, Lamongan were made of nylon material with specification 1 inch mesh size for purse seine (Figure-1a) and 3 inch for cob nets (Figure-1b). The length of 1 inch nets reaches 400 m and 3 inch nets reach 600-700 m. The function of nets are as a barrier wall and a gathering place for fish.
The ballast (Figure-2a) were made of tin with total weight reaches 2 - 3.5 quintals and 6 - 7 quintals in purse seine fishing gear and cob nets fishing gear, respectively. The ballast installed parallel to the distance between the weights 30 cm. It serves to submerge the net body when operated [7].
15
(a) (b)
Figure-1. a) Purse seine nets (1 inch); b) Cob nets (3 inch)
(a) (b)
Figure-2. a) The ballast; b) Buoy
The buoy (Figure-2b) were made of foam. In the purse seine it is installed parallel to the distance between the buoys of 10 cm, while in the cob nets it is 30 cm. It functions to float the entire net plus the excess buoyancy, so that this tool is able to stay afloat even though there are fish caught in the net [8]. Furthermore, the ring (Figure-3a) were made of monel material (white iron or brass). The purse seine of fishing gears is 120-130 units, while the cob nets fishing gear is 240-250 units, with price per seed IDR 60,000. It serves to make the rope easier when it is pulled to keep it in an orderly state. The drawstring (Figure-3b) were made of marlon. It has a thickness of 30 mm. It serves to collect ris, so that the bottom of the net is closed and the fish cannot escape [8].
The additional buoys on purse seine were made of fiber material, and fisher also use large plastic balls (Figure-4a). It serves as a marker if the net is in the middle when the net is operated, whereas the cob net is made of cork in the shape of a box and functions as an additional buoy or reserve to be used in an emergency (Figure-4b).
Usually one vessel contains 3-4 sets of mercury lamps (Figure-4c), a tool when fisher go to sea at night.
(a) (b)
Figure-3. a) Ring; b) Drawstring 2. Operating Methods
The method of operating the purse seine and cob nets in Kranji, Lamongan Regency, is as follows: a) Finding the point of the fish swarm first. Meanwhile, at night the fisher in Kranji go to sea using purseseine and mercury lamps consisting of 3-4 sets of lights in one boat;
b) Fishing gear is spread in a circle on a school of fish; c) The fish will be trapped in the net; and d) Fishing gear is put on board and sort out the catch.
(a) (b) (c) Figure-4. a) Purse seine additional buoys; b) Cob nets
additional buoys; c) Mercury lamps 3. Variation of Catch Results
Using purse seine and mercury lamps aids at night, fisher in Kranji generally get the main catch, namely belo fish and monggo fish, while for by-catches are squid, black pomfret, layur fish, mackerel, barracuda, juwi fish, cob and red shrimp. As for fishing gear in the form of cob nets, fisher in Kranji generally get a main catch that matches the fishing gear, namely tuna, while by-catch is juwi fish, black pomfret fish, barracuda fish, and layur fish.
4. Environmental Friendliness
The level of environmental friendliness of the purse seine and cob net based on nine criteria obtained by the scoring value as shown in Table-2. The catches of purse seine and cob net are more than three species of fish with significantly different sizes. There were ten types of fish species caught in purse seine fishing gear and five types of fish species caught in tuna fishing gear.
The operation of purse seine and cob net do not reach the bottom of the water and only operated at a certain depth. The use of purse seine and cob net also cause minor injuries to fisher. Based on interviews results, fisher stated that their hands were scratched by nets which could result in minor injuries during the process of lifting fishing gear onto the boat and sorting the caught fish, because this process requires speed and accuracy.
The catches of purse seine and cob net are dead but fresh fish. The fish are stored in a box filled with ice cubes to maintain the freshness of the fish until it reaches the landing site. The catches of purse seine and cob net also safe for consumers. The caught fish do not use dangerous methods such as bombing, chemical fertilization, or cyanide poisoning.
Table-2. Scoring value of environmental friendliness of purse seine and cob nets
No Criteria Total
Scores
1 Has high selectivity 528
2 Does not damage the aquatic
environment 1044
3 Does not endanger fisher 880 4 Produces high quality fish 707 5 Does not endanger consumer 1044 6 Non-target catch is minimum 522 7 Does not damage the habitat 1032 8 No harm to protected fish 546
9 Socially accepted 753
Total 7056 Number of respondents 261 Average value 27.03
By-catch of purse seine and cob net consists of several types and is sold in the market. This can be seen from the presence of 8 types of by-catch from purse seine and 4 types of by-catch from cob net which have selling prices in the market and factories that supply fish from TPI Kranji Village.
Furthermore, there is no pollution and environmental damage when the purse seine and cob net is operated thus safe for biodiversity. Protected biota, like dolphins and turtles, several times caught by purse seine or cob net, but are released again by fisher. Purse seine and cob net also meets three of the four criteria for a fishing gear to be socially acceptable i.e. economically profitable, not contrary to local culture, and not contrary to existing regulations.
Hence, based on the 9 criteria, the average value of all criteria for purse seine and cob net fishing gear is 27.03 and indicates that the purse seine and cob nets are environmentally friendly fishing gears. This is in accordance with research [9] which states that purse seine fishing gear is included in environmentally friendly fishing gear.
Gill Nets
Drift gill nets consist of a string of gill nets kept more or less vertical by floats on the upper line (headrope) and weights on the lower line (groundrope) (sometimes the groundrope is without weights), drifting with the current, in general near the surface or in mid-water.
Accessory equipment consists of small solid floats, usually made of plastic or of cork are attached to the headrope and lead weights are evenly distributed along the groundrope.
Commonly are the lead attached to the core of the groundrope [6].
1. Specifications
The gill nets in TPI Kranji, Lamongan were made of strings with 3-4 inch mesh size (Figure-5). It serves to block the fish that is passing by. The ballast (Figure-6a) made of cement and sand in the drain so that it becomes artificial stone shaped like a circle and flat. The buoy (Figure-6b) made of cork. It installed parallel to the top with a distance between the buoys of about 7-10 cm. The rope made of kret. Buoy rope (floating rope) with size 6 and 8 mm and weight rope (lower rope) with size 8 and 10 mm shown in Figure-7.
Figure-5. Gill nets .
(a) (b)
Figure-6. a) Ballast; b) Buoy
(a) (b)
Figure-7. a) Floating rope; b) Weight rope The “umbal” (Figure-8), an accessory equipment, made of long wood. At the bottom of the wood there is a ballast made of cement and sand which has been dried in the shape of following the container, which is like a bottle, while at the top there is a box-shaped cork, and there are fisher who add a flag to the the very top corner of the wood. It installed at the very end of the net body. It serves as a marker that there is a fishing gear being operated in that place or area, so that other fishing boats do not hit the fishing gear.
Figure-8. “Umbal”
2. Operating Methods
The operating method of the gill net fishing gear at the TPI Kranji, Lamongan Regency, is as follows: a) The ship is directed to the fishing ground; b) The fishing gear is installed perpendicular to the current direction, until the net body is completely submerged; c) Wait 2-3 hours for many fish to get caught in the net; and d) Fishing gear is loaded onto the boat and sorts out the catch that has been caught in the net.
3. Catch Variation
Gill net used by fisher in Kranji generally get a variety of catches, such as the main catch, namely laosan, tuna, mackerel, and gutter fish, while for by-catches are black pomfret fish, barracuda and layur fish.
4. Environmental Friendliness
Table-3 shows the level of environmental friendliness of the gill net based on nine criteria. Gill net is capturing more than three species with significantly different sizes. There were eight types of fish species caught in gill net, namely laosan fish, tuna, mackerel, talang fish, black pomfret, barracuda and layur fish.
Furthermore, gill net is safe for the aquatic environment because the operation of the gill net fishing gear is passive, waiting for the caught fish to hit the net and then get caught. In operating a gill net, fisher do not need to get off the boat. The operation of the gill net is quite simple, by lowering the body of the net in a water pond, after that waiting for the fish to be entangled by the net then the gill net is lifted back onto the boat. The operating method of the gill net fishing gear is quite simple and also safe for fisher.
17 Table-3. Scoring value of environmental friendliness of
gill net
No Criteria Total
Scores
1 Has high selectivity 45
2 Does not damage the aquatic
environment 180
3 Does not endanger fisher 161 4 Produces high quality fish 124 5 Does not endanger consumer 180 6 Non-target catch is minimum 85 7 Does not damage the habitat 180 8 No harm to protected fish 157
9 Socially accepted 119
Total 1231 Number of respondents 45
Average value 27.35 Gill net tends to produce good fish even though there are some defects in the body of the fish (dead but fresh fish subcriteria). Gill nets operate by blocking schools of fish. The net will trap the operculum of the fish.
When caught, the fish will actively move body parts to escape, this behavior causes injury to the area around the opeculum and causes some physical disability. In terms of consumption safety criteria, gill net is safe for consumers because the number of days in one trip of gill net fishing does not take too long, besides that fish preservation has been carried out using ice blocks. By-catch of gill net consists of four types and is sold in the market.
The gill net does not cause death to other species, because this fishing gear is operated passively. Besides, the net will be lifted back onto the boat after completing the operation, so it does not result in the death of other species. The protected fish or species have been caught by gill net are released back into the sea. Furthermore, gill net meets three of the four criteria for a tool to be socially acceptable i.e. economically profitable, not contrary to local culture, and not contrary to existing regulations. Gill net is a fishing gear that requires expensive investment costs, but this fishing gear can last long enough up to 5 years.
Based on the nine criteria, the average value of all criteria is 27.35 (Table-3) and indicates that gill net is environmentally friendly fishing gear. This is in accordance with research [10] that gill net fishing gear is classified as environmentally friendly fishing gear, does not damage habitat, and is classified as safe for biodiversity, and gill net fishing gear is also safe for biodiversity.
Payang
Payang is made of net material which construction consists of a bag, body and wings, and is equipped with a buoy and ballast as well as a towing rope.
Based on the classification from [6], this fishing gear is classified as a circular net.
1. Specifications
The payang net (Figure-9a) in TPI Kranji, Lamongan were made of waring the wings that serve to scare fish and trapped into the net. The end uses a net that resembles a mosquito net, and is in the form of a cone which functions as a gathering place for the fish caught.
The ballast (Figure-9b) made of cement and cast which dried into stone. It shaped following the container, usually in the form of a bottle. The ballast used by these fisher is the creativity of each fisher, because they make it themselves.
(a) (b)
Figure-9. a) Payang net, b) The ballast
The buoy made of cork. It installed parallel to the top rope of the net with a distance between the buoys of 10 cm. The additional buoy also made of cork. It shaped like a cube box. It serves as a backup or additional float used in an emergency.
(a) (b)
Figure-10. a) Buoy; b) Additional buoys for payang 2. Operating Methods
The method of operating the payang fishing gear at the TPI Kranji, Lamongan Regency, is as follows: a) The ship is directed to the fishing ground; b) At the appropriate distance and time, when the payang net passes through the school of fish, the net can be opened properly and the chances of the fish to escape are small. Usually it stocked at a depth of 10 m (in the middle depth, not to the bottom); c) A sheet of rope is pulled, so that the net will be drawn towards the schools of fish; and d) Fishing gear is put on board and sort out the catch.
3. Variation of Catch Results
By using payang fishing gear, Kranji Village fisher generally get a variety of catches, such as in the main catch, namely anchovies, while for by-catch, pirek, bagong fish, layur fish, white pomfret fish, trout, and anchovy fish.
4. Environmental Friendliness
The level of environmental friendliness of the payang based on nine criteria shown in Table-4. In terms of selectivity, the catches of payang of more than three
species with significantly different sizes. The main catches were anchovies and by-catch, namely pirek fish, bagong fish, layur fish, white pomfret, selar fish, and japuh fish.
According to [11] the dominant species caught by payang fishing gear is anchovy (Stolephorus sp).
Payang is safe for the aquatic environment because its operation method is passive [12]. Payang is also safe for fisher. Based on the interviews results, there were no serious accident that can endanger the lives of fisher. In spite of, there are also fisher who say that payang can cause minor injuries to the fisher's hands when pulling the net onto the boat.
In terms of fish quality criteria, the day-to-day catching trip of the payang fishing gear, starting from morning to evening, has returned, so the quality of the fish caught is still fresh. In addition, the caught fish are also preserved using ice cubes (dead but fresh fish subcriteria).
The catches of payang is safe for consumers because the fish caught do not use preservatives that can harm consumers. The by-catch consists of several types and is sold in the market. Meanwhile, if there are by-catch that are not sold in the market, the fisher will bring them home for their own consumption.
The mesh size of payang is very small which can cause other small species of fish to be caught into the net, so it causes death in several species but does not damage the habitat. Protected fish can be caught by payang.
However, the caught protected fish are released back into the waters.
Payang is socially acceptable and meets three of the four criteria for a fishing gear to be socially accepted i.e. low investment costs, do not conflict with local culture, and do not conflict with existing regulations. Instead, based on the results of the interviews, payang is not economically profitable. The number of fisher using payang which is relatively low, when compared to other fishing gear. because many of the payang fisher switch to using trawler, which is considered more economically profitable. Based on the nine criteria, the average value of all criteria is 27.16 (Table-4) and payang is classified as an environmentally friendly fishing gear. This is in accordance with research [12] that payang is classified as an environmentally friendly fishing gear.
Table-4. Scoring value of environmental friendliness of Payang
No Criteria Total Scores
1 Has high selectivity 6
2 Does not damage the aquatic
environment 24
3 Does not endanger fisher 22
4 Produces high quality fish 18 5 Does not endanger consumer 24 6 Non-target catch is minimum 13 7 Does not damage the habitat 20 8 No harm to protected fish 17
9 Socially accepted 19
Total 163
Number of respondents 6 Average value 27.16
Mini Trawl 1. Specifications
The mini trawl (Figure-11) in TPI Kranji, Lamongan were made of plastic with mesh size ¾ inch, so strong and not easily broken or damaged during the withdrawal process. It shaped like a cone or snout. It serves as a place to accommodate the catch, so that the catch does not easily escape [13].
Figure-11. Mini trawl nets
The ballast (Figure-12a) made of lead with weight up to 12-14 kg. It used to help open the mouth of the net to the bottom of the water [13]. The buoy (Figure- 12b) made of cork or fibber. It used to help open up the mouth of the net [13].
(a) (b)
Figure-12. a) The ballast, b) Buoy
The boards or plank (Figure-13a) made of teak wood to be strong when the gear is operated. The size of the board used by fisher are 120 and 60 for length and width, respectively. It used to strive for an open net wing right and left [13]. Rope used is a strong slap rope measuring 12 mm (Figure-13b). It serves as a tool to pull fishing gear during operation. The length of the rope can reach 40 m, according to the depth desired by the fisherman because the deeper the sea is, the longer the rope is used.
(a) (b) Figure-13. a) Plank; b) Ropes towing 2. Operating Methods
The method of operating the mini trawl at TPI Kranji Village, Lamongan Regency, is as follows: a) The ship is directed to the middle towards the fishing area; b) The fishing gear is lowered, then the depth is measured with the rope (usually until it reaches the bottom of the water); c) The engine was started and the boat was moving slowly pulling the fishing gear for up to 2-3 hours; and d) Fishing gear is boarded on the boat and sorting out the catch.
19 3. Catch Variation
Fisher of mini trawl in Kranji generally get the main catch, namely squid and black pomfret. Meanwhile, the by-catch is pirek, bagong fish, juwi fish, layur fish, crab, and ronggeng shrimp.
4. Environmental friendliness
The level of environmental friendliness of the mini trawl based on nine criteria shown in Table-5. The catches of mini trawl is more than three species with far different sizes and belonging to the criteria of fishing gear with low selectivity. Variations in mini trawling catches are very diverse, ranging from types of fish, shrimp, and crabs. Mini trawl also can cause damage to large areas.
This is because mini trawl is a fishing gear that is active in pursuing fish targets by being pulled, causing the fishing gear to sweep most of the water column [14].
Mini trawl and its use can result in minor injuries to fisher. Based on the results of interviews and field observations, mini trawl can cause minor injuries when fisher lower the gear components and raise the gear onto the boat and sort out the catch, because the catch does not only contain fish but also includes shrimp and crabs so that it can cause scratches in the hands of fisher. In addition, the way to lift the catch from the ship to the landing site is also done manually by carrying it using the shoulder.
Operation of trawling gear is pulled for up to 2-3 hours at the bottom of the waters. This causes the tip of the pocket containing the caught fish, shrimp and crabs to be attracted to the bottom substrate which causes friction and the fish caught in large quantities will squeeze together so that the fish are in a state of deformity (dead, fresh, and phsycally deformed fish subcriteria). According to [15]
fishing operations can catch various types of fish in large quantities which allows fish to pile up/huddle together causing bruises and injuries and even fish to be physically damaged.
Table-5. Scoring value of environmental friendlines of mini trawl
No Criteria Total
Scores
1 Has high selectivity 30
2 Does not damage the aquatic
environment 30
3 Does not endanger fisher 93
4 Produces high quality fish 64
5 Does not endanger consumer 120
6 Non-target catch is minimum 38
7 Does not damage the habitat 32
8 No harm to protected fish 80
9 Socially accepted 60
Total 547 Number of respondents 30
Average value 18.23
The operation of the trawling gear does not require a long time. Fisher usually have a trip in the morning and return in the afternoon so that the fish caught are still fresh. Besides that the fish are also preserved using ice and stored in storage boxes (safe for consumers criteria). Furthermore, the non-target catch of trawl consists of several types that are not sold in the market.
According to [16] the operation of trawling fishing gear is not followed by a fish separator, so there are many of fish species are caught. Some of the by-catch that are mostly obtained from trawling fishing gear are pirek fish and layur fish.
Besides, trawl and its operation can destroying habitat. The operation of trawling fishing gear to the bottom of the water can cause habitat damage for domestic fish. In addition, shallow waters are a place for fish to forage, spawn, and maintain, so that many young and small fish are caught [14], including protected fish can also caught by trawl.
Trawl only meets two of the four criteria for a fishing gear to be socially accepted i.e. investment costs are relatively cheap and economically profitable because the fishing gear can catch all kinds of fish, shrimp and crabs. On the other hand, trawl is contrary to the local culture because many fisher from other types of fishing gear do not agree with the existence of trawling fishing gear. In addition, trawling is also a fishing gear that is contrary to existing regulations, Decree of the Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries No. KEP.02/MEN/2015 regarding the prohibition of the use of trawl fishing gear and seine nets in the fishery management area Republic of Indonesia.
Based on nine criteria set average obtained all the criteria of trawl fishing gear mini is 18.23 and indicates that mini trawl fishing gear is a fishing gear that is not environmentally friendly because the way it operates is pulled from the bottom of the water, so that it can cause death in several species and fish habitats. This indicates that the presence of trawling gear can cause a decline in the condition of fishery resources in Kranji Village, Lamongan Regency.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study further highlight the specification, composition of the catch and the level of environmental friendliness of fishing gear in TPI Kranji.
In general, the purse seine and cob net fishing gear specifications are the same, i.e. consisting of nets, weights, buoys, rings, drawstring, large buoys and there are auxiliary devices for the purse seine, namely mercury lamps. Purse seine and cob nets are environmentally friendly fishing gear. Furthermore, the specifications of the gill net fishing gear consist of nets, weights, buoys, umbal and rope. Payang fishing gear consist of nets, weights, buoys and large buoys. The gill net and payang fishing gear also classified as environmentally friendly fishing gear. In the other hand, mini trawl fishing gear classified as a fishing tool that is not environmentally friendly. The mini trawl fishing gear consist of nets, weights, buoys, planks and towing ropes.
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