ERROR ANALYSIS OF PAST TENSES AND TYPE OF SENTENCES USED BY THE TOUR GUIDE OF DINAS KEBUDAYAAN DAN
PARIWISATA KOTA PADANG
Oleh:
Aries Denta Putra *)
**) Armilia Riza dan **) Yendra Staff Pengajar Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana kesalahan yang dilakukan oleh pramuwisata di dalam menuntun turis. Dalam penelitian ini berdasarkan teori Betty Azzar. Ada 4 tenses di dalam Past Tense yaitu, simple past tense, past continuous, past perfect dan past perfect continuous. Peneliti juga menentukan bentuk kalimat yang digunakan pramuwisata didalam menuntun turis. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif. Data yang di ambil adalah 5 orang pramuwisata di Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata kota Padang. Data ini diambil dengan menggunakan alat perekam. Dalam pengambilan data, peneliti merekam percakapan antara pramuwisata dan turis. Dari data yang didapatkan pada saat peneliti melakukan observasi ditemukan bahwa pramusiwisata melakukan kesalahan terutama dalam penggunaan 4 tenses diatas.
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Key words: Tour Guide, Past Tenses, Type of Sentence.
*) Penulis
**) Pembimbing
INTRODUCTION
Language is one of communication tools which are used by all people arround the world to communicate and to know each other. Through language, people can express their thoughts, feelings, and also their willings in life. No one is going to know about someone’s thoughts, feelings, and willings if they do not use language to express it. That is why a language seems to be important to be possessed and understood well by people, in order they can express their thoughts, feeling, and willing toward others appropriately in social life.
In addition, language also really needed when someone want to travel into other country which has different language with them. For example like English as International language, it is very important to be mastered by someone so that they can speak and communicate with people who live in the country which they are going to visit, because at the moment, English is one of language that is commonly used by people arround the world to interact and communicate each other.
Furthermore, tour guide as part of tourism should also master and understand well the use of English, because English is one of tools which is used by tour tour guide to communicate and interact with all of the tourists that are involved in their tourism activity.
Moreover, the use of English by tour guide in tourism process should be based on the grammatical pattern that exist in it. Because this is kind of language which is generally used by tour guides to communicate with tourists. The use of English in communiation process can be said good and appropriate when the speaker uses the correct grammatical pattern and tenses during communication process. Thus, the use of English by tour guide during tourism process should be related toward the correct use of grammatical pattern and tenses.
However, Based on the real phenomena which was existed in the field now adays, there are some errors which was found by the researcher toward the use of English used by Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata kota Padang tour guide during Communicating with the tourists which were involved in the tourism activity. Firstly, errors in grammatical pattern. The use of correct grammatical pattern while communicating by using English is definitely important since this is related to language constracting sentences process. By understanding the English grammatical pattern itself, it will help people to make or construct the sentences in English correctly and also brings them to succesfully of communication process.
Unfortunately, there are still some of the tour guides who did not really notice about the use of grammatical pattern while using English to communicate with tourists. it can be seen from
sentences they used during communication process, they tended to be not care about the use of tenses, no matter when the activities or events they were talking about happen, they just communicate without considering about the tenses. For example;
“You say that, this is the socond time you visit air manis beach. So, when is the first time you visit it?”
From the sentence above, it can be analyzed that the sentence is obviously wrong based on the use of tenses in communication. like the statement “you say that” it should be change into past form“you said that” because the tourist had told the tour guide that is the second time he visits air manis beach several minutes before the tour guide gives that statement. A big wrong also happens to the next sentence“when is the first time you visit this place?” the sentence should be change into past form“when was thefirst time you visited this place?” because the tourist said that that is the second time he visits the place, it means he had visited the place for the first time in the past, that’s why the sentence should be change into past form.
Referring to the phenomena and examples above, it can be conclude that the tour guide of Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata kota Padang still often do errors in communication by using English especially in using English grammatical pattern and tenses while communicating with tourists. Thus, the researcher really interested in conducting this research to see deeply about the errors done by the tour guide of Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata
kota Padang related to the use of grammatical pattern and tenses in communication process by using English.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Tour Guide
As the matter of the fact, the tour guide is a traveler’s first impression of a foreign country. In this case, Oka (1991:17) states that the tour guide should have a good personality, for example self confidence, enthusiasm, sensitivity, and low- profile. In fact, self-confidence is supported by knowledge and experiences. In the other word, someone can be called as tour guide if she or he has good self confidence or personality, high athusiasm, sensitivity and low profile. Because those characteristics will reflect how a tour guide guides someone who is in journey effectively.
Moreover, Djalius (1996:1) defines that a tour guide must have ethnic in speaking with the tourists. The tourists will be comfortable, safe and satisfy with the service that is given. Therefore, the tour guide should have good hospitality and
friendly. This theory can be implied that being a tour guide someone need to think much about how to make the condition of service becomes comfortable, enjoyable, safety, safe and satisfiable.
In other words, a tourguide need to be really friendly person in facilitating the tourism condition for the tourists who are enjoying the tourism journey.
In addition, Damarjati (2000:2) states that tour guide is someone who has a certificate and pass for the test of which indicate them as having a badge. Then they can get the aid for the master one to do a journey in tourism with some languages that they master at and tell each of the unique spots across Indonesia. In other cases, a tour guide may be responsible for letting the tourist know about the culture and sites in a city or a town.
In conclusion, someone who will be a tour guide must have good personality includes self confidence, friendly, and attractive. And also she or he need to have a good communication skill in communication the appropriate languge during the process of guiding the tourists. In addition, beeing a tour guide means becoming someone who has to be able in facilitating comfortable and enjoyable condition, safe and satisfiable service, and meaningful and friendly discussion about the tourists’ tourism needs.
Past Tense
According to Suryadi (2006:1), grammar is the pattern of constructing and building words becoming sentences correctly and effectivel.
Furthermore, grammar refers to rules of combining words by words into sentences based on the used of every pattern inside the grammar itself. Branches of linguistic that discuss about syntax and morphology.
a. Simple Past Tense
We use simple Past Tense to express something or event that happen in the past. For example : She was sick yesterday.
b. Past Continuous Tense
To express action that is happening in the past. For example : He was cleaning the house yesterday morning.
c. Past Perfect Tense
The past perfect expresses an activity that was completed before another activity or time in the past. For example : He had cleaned the house.
d. Past perfect continous tense.
The past perfect continous emphasize the duration of an activity that was in progress before another activity or time in the past. For
example : Tommy had been fishing all the day yesterday.
RESEARCH METHOD
The design of this research is descriptive.
According to Gay and Airasian
(2000:275),”descriptive research determines and describes the way things are”. Descriptive research was chosen because the researcher wants describe the fact about the condition of tour guide who still keep maintaining their mistakes in speaking where they still use an error in promoting their tourism sectors. In addition, descriptive research became very useful nowadays in investigating many kinds of sector public like what has already happened in the sector of tourism. Thus, by conducting this descriptive research, the researcher described deeply the fact about the way of tour guide who work in the sector of tourism where they promote their country in the speaking context but after all they had an ungrammatical error.
In this research, there were some scripts of speaking from the members of Tour guide in West Sumatera. Dick (2000:20) states that “respondents are group of people that participates in research project”. In this research, the researcher took 5 people who become the members of tourism sector in Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata Padang as respondents.
RESEARCH FINDINGS
This research, researcher found all types of sentences and four of past tenses which were used by tour guide of Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata Kota Padang. There found simple sentence, compound sentence, compound-complex sentence, compound sentence, complex sentence, simple past tense, past continuous tense, past perfect tense and past perfect continuous tense.
Types of sentences based on Randy’s theory and past tenses based on Betty Azar’s theory. It can be seen on the table above about the types of sentences and past tenses.
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS Conclusion
Data were collected from conversation between tourists and tour guides in Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata Kota Padang. The result of the analysis shows of type of sentences and past tense that found in conversation between tour guide and tourists. The cases above happened because they did not understanding the English grammatical patterns it self, if the tour guides understand about the grammatical patterns it will help them to make or construct the sentences in
English correctly and also bring them to succesfully of communication process.
Unfortunetly, there were found error and mistakes done by tour guides when using English to communicate with tourist.
Suggestions
Error in doing conversation in grammatical pattern especially past tense still happen used by tour guide in Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata kota Padang. Since it happen, it will be interested phenomenon to analyze. But the result of this research is still not enough to represent all grammatical error phenomenon which happen in Indonesia tour guide. That is why the problem must be given more attention.
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