1
VOWEL SOUNDS ERROR UTTERANCES BY ONE OF PADANG TOUR GUIDES:
(A case study on English Pronunciation) Oleh:
META ARMIS*)
**) Mayuasti and***) Yendra Staf Pengajar Program Studi Bahasa Inggris STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat.
ABSTRAK
Penelitian Ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pramuwisata mengucapkan bahasa Inggris dengan benar. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menganalisis bunyi suara yang diucapkan salah satu pramuwisata di kota Padang berdasarkan teori Kelly. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif karena penelitian deskriptif adalah salah satu jenis penelitian yang tujuannya untuk menyajikan gambaran lengkap mengenai pengaturan sosial atau mengeksplorasi dan klarifikasi mengenai suatu fenomena atau kenyataaan sosial. Peneliti menggunakan metode simak bebas libat cakap berdasarkan teori Sudaryanto sebagai teknik penumuplan data, dan menggunakan teknik lanjutan yaitu teknik rekam dan teknik catat. Dalam menganalisis data, peneliti menggunakan metode padan. Dari data yang didapatkan pada saat penelitian , peneliti menemukan kesalahan dalam bunyi suara yang diucapkan oleh pramuwisata. Peneliti menemukan kesalahan pada bunyi suara yaitu 1 kesalahan pada letak bunyi suara /I/, 8 kesalahan pada letak depan bunyi suara suara /ᴂ/, 15 kesalahan pada letak tengah bunyi suara /ə/, dan 1 kesalahan letak belakang bunyi suara /ɑ/. Dari data yang didapatkan peneliti mengetahui bahwa pramuwisata hanya mementingkan arti dan maksud dari tiap kata yang diucapkan untuk menghasilkan salah satu komunikasi yang lancar dengan wisatawan tanpa mementingkan cara pengucapan yang benar sesuai dengan pengucapan bahasa Inggris.
Key words: Vowel, Monhopthong,
*) Peneliti
**) Pembimbing I
***) Pembimbing II
2 Introduction
Padang is one of the famous tourist cities in West Sumatera. Of course, it can invite the domestic and foreign tourist to come to this city for tourism.
Tourism is a collection of activities, services and industries that delivers a travel experience, including transportation, accommodations, eating and drinking establishments, retail shops, entertainment businesses, activity facilities and other hospitality services provided for individuals or groups traveling away from home. In addition, tourism is the temporary movement of people to destinations outside their normal places of work and residence, the activities undertaken during their stay in those destinations, and the facilities created to cater to their needs.
To enjoy the tourism places, tourists need people who can guide, show and explain the attraction and to help communicate with the locals as a tourist requires or need the things. Then, by looking at the definition of Oxford Advanced Learner’s dictionary of Current English tour guide is a person employed to point out interesting sights on a journey or visit. Itis stated that someone has been practiced to be able to use English with their proficiency and can speak some languages with the tourist who will come to their places, especially better in English.
Classification of vowel
The qualities of vowels depend upon the position of the tongue and lips. It is important to classify them according to the position of the main part of the tongue. Todd (1995:20) explains that classification of vowel consist of:
1. 1. Vowel /i:/bead (a close front vowel ) is produced when the front of the tongue is the highest part, and is near o the roof of the mouth.
2. 2. Vowel /ᴂ/ hat (an open front vowel) is produced when the front of the tongue is the highest part, but the tongue itself is low in the mouth.
3. 3. Vowel /ɒ/ dog (an open back vowel) is produced when the back of the tongue is the highest part, but the tongue itself is low in the mouth.
4. 4. Vowel / u:/food (a close back vowel ) is produced when the back of the tongue is the highest part, and is near the roof of the mouth.
Based on expert explanation the researcher can conclude that classification of vowel consists of a close front vowel, an open from vowel, an open back vowel, and a close back vowel. Its produce with different way.
Moreover, Kelly (2000:31) adds that the classification of vowel consists of close vowels, mid vowels, and open vowels).
Figure 1.Vowel chat 1) Close vowels
For close vowels the tongue is quite high in the mouth.
Consist of 4 vowels:
a) Vowel /I:/
The close position is where the tongue is closest to the roof o the mouth and the lips are spread.
The tongue is tense, and the sides of the tongue touch the upper molars. As in meat and cheese.
b) Vowel /i/
The lips are spread loosely and the tongue is more relaxed. The sides of the tongue may just touch the upper molars. As in, pit and hit.
c) Vowel /ʊ/
The part of the tongue just behind the center is raised just above the half close position. The lips are rounded, the tongue is relatively relaxed. As in, book, good and women.
d) Vowel /u:/
The back of the tongue is raised just below the close position and lips are rounded. The tongue is tense. As in, boots, food and rude.
2. Mid vowel
From mid vowels the tongue is neither high nor low in the mouth.
Consist of 4 vowels:
a) Vowel /e/
The front of the tongue is between the half open and close position. Lips are loosely spread, the front of tongue is between the half close position. As in, met, egg and left.
b) Vowel /ə/
The center of the tongue is between the half close and half open position. .Lips are relaxed neutrally spread. As in, about, paper and banana.
c) Vowel /ᴂ:/
The center o the tongue is between the half close and half open positions. Lip are relaxed and neutrally spread. As in, bird, shirt and her.
3 d) Vowel / ᴂ:/
The back of the tongue raised to between half open and half close position. Lips are loosely rounded. As in sword, fork and call.
3. Open vowels
For open vowels, the tongue is low in the mouth.
Consist of 4 vowels:
a) Vowel /ᴂ/
The front of the tongue is raised to just below the half position. .Lips are neutrally open. As in, cat, hat and attack.
b) Vowel /ᴂ/
The center of the tongue is raised to just above the fully open position. .Lips are neutrally open.
As in, dumb, run, and uncle.
c) Vowel /:a/
The tongue, between the center and the back, is in the fully open position. .Lips are neutrally open. As in bar, far, and class.
d) Vowel /a/
e) The back of the tongue is in the fully open position. Lips are lightly rounded. As in, pod, dog, and often.
Based on expert explanation the researcher can conclude that classification of vowel consists of close vowels, mid vowels, and open vowel. For close vowels the tongue is quite high in the mouth. For mid vowels the tongue is neither high nor low in the mouth and for open vowel the tongue is low in the mouth.
Monophthong
A monophthong from monos"single" and phthóngos "sound" is a pure vowel sound, one whose articulation at both beginning and end is relatively fixed, and which does not glide up or down towards a new position of articulation. Briton(2000:95) defines that monophthong is a vowel consisting of the one articulation from beginning to end. Its means that monophthong is a simple vowel sound that a person does not have to move his mouth. A single vowel articulated without change in quality throughout the course of a syllable.
Furthermore, Akmajian (2001:131) defines that monophthong is single, pure vowel that does not change during articulation. Its means that while pronouncingmonophthong the mouth does not move.
Monophtong is a vowel single vowel and it starts from beginning and end. Monophtong shows that a vowel is spoken with exactly one tone and one mouth position.
In addition, Canepari (2005:20) adds that monophthong is a simple vowel sound during the utterance of which the vocal organs remain in a relatively unchanging position. In other word
monophthong is a vowel that has a single perceived auditory quality. A monophthong consists of only one vowel sound that does not change during its articulation. It starts and ends in the same quality.
Monophthongare also called simple vowels, pure vowels, or stable vowels.
Based on experts explanation the researcher can conclude that monophthong is single vowel does not change and move during articulation.
Monophthong starts and ends in the same quality. The word monophthong shows that a vowel is spoken with exactly one tone and one mouth position. For example when say teeth, then while creating the sound of the ee, nothing changes for that sound.
Research Method
The design of this research is descriptive.
According to Gay and Airasian (2000:275) descriptive research determines and describes the way things are.In this research, the researcher made a guide in Padang as source data. Where, the researcher would like to observe, analyze the vowel sounds error that the guide utteranced, the researcher interferes in the conversation between guide and tourists. Maleong (2011:5) explains that qualitative method described about the relationship between researcher and respondent directly.In gathering the data in the field, the reseacher chose three techniques. The researcher used the technique from Sudaryanto (1993: 134) that is non participant observation technique. In this technique, the researcher did not get involved directly in the conversation that produced by tourist and tour guide, the researcher just applies are listening and recording. The method of analyzing data that is used in this research is Sudaryanto’s referentialmethod that is one of sub unit in identity method (Sudaryanto, 1993:15). Identity method is research method which is determiner device is outside of language, apart from and does not become part of the language which researched (Sudaryanto, 1993:13).
Findings
After getting the data, the researcher transcribed it from recording into paper to see the vowel sounds error that utterances by one of Padang tour guide. It was started by determining vowel sounds error based on oxford dictionary. Then it was continued by identifying the data that was utterance by one of Padang tour guide. The data analysis was answering the research question; how are vowel sounds utterances by one of Padang tour guide. Thus, the researcher found vowel sounds error that utterances by one of Padang tour guide based on dividing key factor technique. The researcher choose the vowel sounds error that utterance d by one of Padang tour guide and the researcher classified and transcribed the vowel
4 The result of research question abouthow are vowel sounds utter by one of Padang tour guide.By doing recording and note taking technique, the researcher found vowel sounds error that uttreranced by one of Padang tour guide. In this research the researcher found 25 data that is vowel sounds error that utterances by one of Padang tour guide. All of that 1 front of vowel /I/, 8front open vowel /ᴂ/, 15 center open vowel /ə/, and 1 back vowel /ɒ/.
Conclusion
Based on the data the researcher concluded that the guide in Padang has a problem with classification of vowel sounds like 1 (one) front close vowel /I/, 8 (eight) front open vowel /ᴂ/, 15 (fiveteen) center open vowel /ə/, and 1 (one) back vowel /ɒ/.
Where in utterances the word the position of tongue and lips guide are different with rule how to utteranced the vowel sounds besed on English.
Suggestion
In finishing the thesis, the researcher has the suggestion to the readers whose want to be guide, because a guide not only can speak English but should know how to communicate with the tourists well.
Cause of that the guides should know to learn English in order they can be a good guide. Therefore, the researcher suggest to other researcher who might be interested of this research to continue this analysis related to the topic like error in utteranced diphthong, treephtong, and consonant. At last, by giving little information in this thesis the researcher hopes that it will be useful to the readers especially for guides.
References
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