ERROR ANALYSIS ON UNITY, COHERENCE AND COHESIVENESS OF EXPOSITORY TEXT OF THE
FOURTH SEMESTER OF STAIN PONOROGO IN ACADEMIC YEAR 2014/2015
THESIS
Researcher:
Name Elisa Oktavia
NIM 210911102
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF EDUCATION OF
STATE ISLAMIC COLLEGE OF PONOROGO (STAIN PONOROGO) JUNE 2015
ERROR ANALYSIS ON UNITY, COHERENCE AND COHESIVENESS OF EXPOSITORY TEXT OF THE FOURTH SEMESTER OF STAIN
PONOROGO IN ACADEMIC YEAR 2014/2015
THESIS Presented to
State Islamic College of Ponorogo in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Sarjana in English Education
Researcher:
Name Elisa Oktavia
NIM 210911102
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF EDUCATION OF
STATE ISLAMIC COLLEGE OF PONOROGO (STAIN PONOROGO) JUNE 2015
MOTTO
No one has the ability to do
something perfect. But each person is given a lot of opportunity to do
something right.
DEDICATION
I dedicate this thesis to:
My family
My loving parents (Mr. Jamingan & Miss wuryani) who always give me support and facility and also always pray for me, my beloved mother (alm. Endang Sri Rahayu), my small brother and my grandfather (alm. Tumiran) who have stayed in the heaven,
my loving grandparents (Miss Wakinem, Mr. Boimin and Miss Katiyem) who have supported me. Thanks for you all.
My lecturers of STAIN Ponorogo
Drs. H. Dolar Yuwono, M. Pd as my advisor who always gives suggestion and correction, Dra. Aries Fitriani, M.Pd who helps me to learn grammar and all lecturers
of STAIN Ponorogo who ever teach me from first semester until seventh semester.
My beloved friends
My loving friends TI. C of STAIN Ponorogo who always support and help me in everything for four years, my beloved friends in Puri Cantika boarding house who have stayed with me for three years, my friends KPM 29 of STAIN Ponorogo, my loving sisters and brothers in Active Education (USM STAN) who always give me
support, and also my friends of 3G45 of Walisongo Islamic Boarding School.
Myself
ABSTRACT
Oktavia, Elisa. 2014. Error Analysis on Unity, Coherence And Cohesiveness Of Expository Text Of The Fourth Semester Of STAIN Ponorogo In Academic Year 2014/2015. Thesis, English Education Department, Tarbiyah Faculty, State Islamic College of Ponorogo. Advisor, Drs.
H. Dolar Yuwono, M. Pd.
Key words: Error analysis, unity, coherence, cohesiveness and expository text.
Error analysis involves studying on written language to identify the errors that students have made. The study discusses writing text of the students of STAIN Ponorogo. The researcher tries to analyze the students’ expository text by using error analysis. The purpose of this research is how the unity, coherence and cohesiveness of expository text of the fourth semester of STAIN Ponorogo in academic year 2014 / 2015 are.
This study used qualitavie research/aprroach. The object of this study was the students’ expository text. The researcher used documentation to collect the data.
The researcher used five stages to analyze the data: collecting the samples of students’ expository text, identifying the errors, describing the errors, explaining the errors and evaluating the errors. From the evaluation, the researcher got the conclusion how the unity, coherence and cohesiveness of expository text made by students’ expository text of the fourth semester of STAIN Ponorogo in academic year 2014/2015 are.
The result of the study showed that the students made 10 errors on unity as follows: 6 errors in using supporting sentence, 1 error in using the topic/main idea and controlling idea, 1 error in using punctuation and 2 errors in conclusion/concluding paragraph while, the students made 32 errors on coherence which consist of 12 errors in repeating key noun, 13 errors in using consistent pronoun, 2 errors in using transition signal and 5 errors in logical order. Then, the researcher also found 21 errors on cohesiveness which consist of 4 errors are in using personal pronoun, 6 errors in using coordinating conjunction, 2 errors in using definite article, 2 errors in using transition signal, 5 errors in using transition signal, 1 error in using parallelism, and 1 error in using subordinating conjunction.
Based on the findings, the percentage of errors on unity of the text made by the students is low for about 15, 9 %. The error on coherence is middle for about 50, 8 % and the error on cohesiveness is low for about 33, 3 %. So, the highest percentage of errors among them is the error on coherence for about 50, 8 %.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Allah SWT and to the following people who have been so instrumental in making this research project a success.
1. Dr. Hj. Siti Maryam Yusuf, M. Ag, the Head of State Islamic Education Department (STAIN) Ponorogo.
2. Mukhlison Efendi, M. Ag, as the Head of Education Department State Islamic Education Department (STAIN) Ponorogo.
3. Drs. Harjali, M. Pd, the Head of English Education Department of State Islamic Education Department (STAIN) Ponorogo.
4. Drs. H. Dolar Yuwono, M. Pd, advisor who always give valuable help, guidance, correction and suggestion for completing this thesis.
5. The writer’s family who always give support whenever and wherever.
6. All writer’s friends who always give support whenever and wherever.
The writer realizes that this thesis is still far from perfectness. So, the writer hopes critics and suggestions as the next improvement.
Ponorogo, 10 June 2015
Writer
ELISA OKTAVIA
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE ... i
TITLE PAGE ... ii
APPROVAL SHEET ... iii
RATIFICATION ... iv
MOTTO ... v
DEDICATION ... vi
ABSTRACT ... vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ... viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ... ix
LIST OF TABLES ... xiii
LIST OF APPENDICES ... xiv
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION A. Background of Study ... 1
B. Research Focus... 4
C. Statement of the problem ... 4
D. Objective of Study... 4
E. Significance of the Study ... 5
F. Research Methodology... 6
1. Research Design ... 6
2. Researcher’s Role... 7
3. Research Location ... 7
4. Data Sources... 7
5. Technique of Data Collection ... 7
6. Data Analysis ... 8
7. Research Procedure ... 10
G. Organization Of The Thesis ... 11
CHAPTER II : REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE A. Error Analysis ... 12
B. Errors in Student Writing ... 13
C. Writing ... 17
1. Definition of Writing... 17
a. Writing a Paragraph ... 17
b. Writing an Essay ... 20
2. The Process of Writing... 24
3. The Characteristics of Good Writing ... 25
a. Unity ... 25
b. Coherence ... 26
c. Cohesiveness ... 29
D. Expository Text ... 41
1. Analytical Exposition ... 41
2. Hortatory Exposition ... 42
E. Previous Research Findings ... 43
CHAPTER III : DATA DESCRIBTION A. General Data ... 44
B. Specific Data ... 48
CHAPTER IV : RESULT AND DISCUSSION A. Generic Structure and Language Features Analysis ... 50
B. The Unity Analysis ... 77
C. The Coherence Analysis ... 124
D. The Cohesiveness Analysis ... 154
CHAPTER V : CONCLUSION A. Conclusion ... 201
B. Suggestion ... 203
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDICES
CURRICULUM VITAE
PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN TULISAN
LIST OF TABLES
Number Table Page
1.1 The student’s error in writing 14
2.1 Coordinating conjunctions 29
3.1 Subordinating conjunctions for adverb clauses 31 3.2 Subordinating conjunctions for adjective clauses 35
3.3 Subordinating conjunctions for noun clauses 36
4.1 Transition signals 37
4.2 Transition signal 39
5.1 The data of students’ expository text 48
LIST OF APPENDICS
No Appendices
1 Error classification of unity 2 Calculating of unity error analysis 3 Error classification of coherence 4 Calculating of coherence error analysis 5 Error classification of cohesiveness 6 Calculating of cohesiveness error analysis 7 Common errors classification of expository text
8 Calculating of common error analysis of expository text 9 Research letters
10 Curriculum vitae
11 Pernyataan keaslian tulisan
