1
FIGURES AND TABLE
Figure 1. The XRD powder patterns of calcium oxide and calcium carbonate from JCPDS
1 2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
2
Figure 2. The XRD powder patterns of decomposed quail egg shell at various temperatures.
14 15 16 17
3
Figure 3. The FTIR spectrum of calcium oxide standard, quail egg shell, and quail egg shell decomposed at 900 oC.
Figure 4. The SEM Photo of quail egg shell (A) and CaO from quail egg shell 18
19 20 21
22 23 24 25
4
Figure 5. The N2 sorption desorption of CaO from quail egg shell decomposed at 900
oC
Relative Pressure [P/P0]
A ds o rb ed v ol u m e [c m 3/ g
27
28 29 30 31 32 33
5
Figure 6. Transestrification reaction mecanism of triglyceride with methanol by calcium oxide as heterogeneous catalyst (Ali et.al, 2015).
Table 1. Textural properties of CaO from quail egg shell decomposed at 900 oC.
CaO Surface area (SBET, m2/g)
Pore volume (VBJH, cm3/g)
Pore diameter (BJH, nm)
Value 68 1.65 6.6
Table 2. The physochemical properties of waste frying palm oil
Properties Value
Density (g/cm3)
0.90
Viscosity (mm2/s)
56.68
Free fatty acid (mg/KOH)
2.80 34
35 36 37 38 39 40
41 42 43
6
Iodine number (g I2/100 g)
124.36
Table 3. The properties of biodiesel from waste frying palm oil.
Properties Biodiesel Biodiesel standard (SNI 04-7182-2006) Density
(g/cm3)
0.86 0.85-0.89
Viscosity (mm2/s)
5.50 2.30-6.00
Free fatty acid (mg/KOH)
0.56 Max 0.80
Iodine number (g I2/100 g)
60.49 Max 115
44 45 46
47 48
