Based on the above explanation, the researcher is interested in conducting the research "Using the Function-Altering Stimulus Approach in teaching English in the eleventh grade of SMA NEGERI 1 DOLOPO in the academic year 2015/2016". Qualitative research is a means of exploring and understanding the meaning that individuals or groups ascribe to a social or human problem.8 This type of qualitative research is the case study.
Technique of Data Analysis
The researcher also uses documentation to collect data on the condition of the school, the condition of the teacher, the condition of the students and the infrastructure of SMA N 1 Dolopo. 20 As a data analysis, the conclusion never ends until the data from the field is complete or complete.
Checking the Data Validity
Although verification in data analysis means proving that the data is true or correct, it is appropriate with the notes fields. In this research, the researcher uses triangulation technique to compare and check the validity of the data that has been collected from observation, interview and documentation method about the use of function-changing stimulus approach in the teaching of English in the eleventh grade in SMA N 1Dolopo in the academic year 2015/ 2016.
Research Procedures
Neff suggested that a researcher can make a matrix of findings by data sources, methods, types, to see how well they are supported, and to note potential inconsistencies and contradictions. In this activity, the researcher writes a research report in the form of writing a diploma thesis on the use of the approach of stimuli that change functions in teaching English in the eleventh grade of GŠM NEGERI 1 DOLOPO in the academic year 2015/2016.
Organization of the Thesis
Explain in review of related literature on the function-changing stimulus approach and teaching of English. Specific data explain the use of function-changing approach in the teaching of English in the eleventh grade students of SMA NEGERI 1 DOLOPO in the academic year 2015/2016.
Teaching
Definition of Teaching
The review of related literature also serves information on definitional teaching, teaching and learning component, teaching English, stimulus, function-changing stimulus as a teaching approach. Teaching also directs students to independence and they can use the information they receive appropriately.
Component of Teaching and Learning Process
Method: Method is an overall plan for the orderly presentation of language material, no part of which contradicts itself, and which is all based on the chosen approach. Functions include primary concerns with the specification of language and academic goals, sequencing, and materials to meet the needs of a designated group of learners in a defined context.34 e.
Teaching English
The purpose of teaching English is to enable students to communicate fluently and appropriately through English. Teaching English as a second language is related to some skills that are known in teaching English.
Function-Altering Stimulus 1. Definition of Stimulus
Function-Altering Stimulus
Thus, a stimulus that changes a function changes the function of a stimulus.52 Furthermore, stimuli that change a function have another name, that is, "rules." Rules determine relationships between antecedents, responses, and consequences, and change behavior by changing the function of other stimuli.53. Changing functions can be described as all operations that produce long-term changes in behavior-environment relationships that make people talk about learning. Changing functions related to all operations with an effect on long-term behavioral changes and influenced by the environmental aspect.
Function-changing operations not only strengthen or weaken the function of the evocative stimulus, but also establish other function-changing operations.57 The term evoke is synonymous with stimulus control and refers to increasing the momentary frequency of a response (an operant) from a stimulus with this. training history.58. One type of stimulus can be modified or combined with others to increase the desired behavior. Function-changing stimuli There are several types of stimuli that can function to change the function of the stimulus.
Verbal stimuli can alter the function and, therefore, mimic nonverbal functions—alter operant and response conditioning operations. In operant conditioning, reinforcers do not simply increase the frequency of the behavior they follow.
Function-Altering Approach
The process of function-changing stimulus is started from the verbal stimulus that first appears and is adapted to the environment. Both the journal and this research discuss the similarity between the concept of "rules" and "function-changing stimulus" and the effect of using function-changing stimulus. However, this journal does not discuss the use of feature-changing stimulus in learning by using part of the feature-changing stimulus.
Secondly, the journal entitled 'Separating Discriminative and Function-Altering Effects of Verbal Stimuli' by Henry D. The similarities between this journal and the research are both discussed on the process or ways in which this function-altering approach can be used. Third, the journal entitled “Function-Altering Effects of Contingency-Specifying Stimuli by Henry Schlinger and Elbert Blakely”.
Both the magazine and this study talk about the function-changing effect in the form of verbal and non-verbal stimuli. Based on these journals, the researcher plans to conduct research entitled the use of function-changing stimulus approach in teaching English.
RESEARCH FINDING
General Data
- The Profile of SMA Negeri 1 Dolopo Madiun
- Distribution of Learning Schedule
- Students’ Name in Eleventh Science One Students of SMA Negeri 1 Dolopo
Although the school has developed the school facilities and added a new teacher, this is still not enough. For this reason, SMA Negeri 1 Dolopo still needs to build a new class, add more learning media, add a capricious teacher (GTT) and a capricious officer (PTT).75. The objectives of SMA Negeri 1 Dolopo were created based on the vision and mission of this school.
Develop student leadership by making revisions to the handbook, extracurricular leadership, and student administration. To develop the ability of technology and information for the teacher to develop the learning process such as learning periphery, learning process using IT. Develop training for teachers, MGMP, workshops, media guest speakers to increase the quality of learning.
The distribution of the learning schedule in SMA Negeri 1 Dolopo in the academic year 2015/2016 is described in the table below.
Specific Data
- The Way of Using Function-Altering Stimulus Approach in Teaching English at The Eleventh Grade of SMA Negeri 1 Dolopo in Academic
- Teaching Speaking
- Teaching Reading
- Teaching Writing
- The Implication of Using-Function Altering Stimulus Approach on Students’ Interest in Learning English at Eleventh Grade o f SMA
The use of approach in teaching English was evidenced from the first researcher observation in the XI IPS 1 class at SMA Negeri 1 Dolopo. Then Mr. Arif Marsetyono continued to give students another question to build students' interest in learning the current material. When one of the students the . book, mr. Arif gave correction about the wrong pronunciation.
Based on the observation, below are examples of questions used by Mr. Arif: "What did you learn last week?. Arif Marsetyono used instructions or statements in teaching English to create students' interest in learning English. The use of the stimulus that changes the function is not only in the form of the statement that the teacher has said in teaching, but also the teacher's gesture has an implication in the students' learning.
For detailed information see the Observation appendix.101 The use of function-changing stimuli depends on the situation in the classroom and the students. The use of function-altering stimuli in teaching English also has some implications for student learning. The implication of using function-changing stimulus in teaching English can also be known from the evaluation step.
The implication in the use of function-changing stimulus in English teaching could also be felt by students of class XI IPS 1 who were taught by Mr.
DISCUSSION
The Way of Using Function-Altering Stimulus Approach in Teaching English at The Eleventh Grade of SMA Negeri 1 Dolopo in Academic
It means that appropriate or interesting materials can encourage students to pay attention to the materials they are learning. Mackey's theory that a method should include four things, selection of language materials and grading of language material, presentation techniques and practice by people.115. In addition to the importance of the lesson plan and good materials, the researcher also found that the teacher needs an approach, method or strategy in teaching.
Arif, she had understood that the teacher must prepare a good approach or method during the teaching process. Approach, method or technique helps teacher and students improve their quality in the teaching and learning process. Based on observations by researchers, English teacher in class XI IPS 1 uses direct assessment in assessing English proficiency.
Teaching Listening
Stimulation in the form of verbal can stimulate students to have good behavior in the learning process. The use of verbal stimulus as a form of function change can create good students' attitude to learn English for a long time. Teaching reading in XI IPS 1 that used function-changing stimulus is initiated using instruction.
In addition, the method of using the functionally changing stimulating approach in teaching English to eleventh-graders at GŠO N 1 Dolopo comes from looking at the state of the classroom environment. Based on the researcher's observation on April 25, 2016, she found that the English teacher in XI. class MPŠ 1 always walked around the students' desks. The use of a verbal stimulus as part of a function-changing stimulus depends on the environment and the condition of the students.
Based on researcher observation on April 25, 2016, she found that students' attitude in learning can be influenced by stimulus given by their teacher. The implication of using function-changing stimulus approach on students' interest in learning English at eleventh grade of SMA Negeri.
The Implication of Using-Function Altering Stimulus Approach on Students’ Interest in Learning English at Eleventh Grade of SMA Negeri
Alessi stated that verbal events are important because they are analogous to the most basic processes of change in the respondent's function and. The instruction used by the English teacher in class XI SPI 1 is an example of verbal stimulus. As part of the function-changing stimulus, the verbal stimulus can change or modify the instructions given by the teacher.
Skinner had described the unique function-altering effects of verbal stimuli, suggesting what is perhaps most interesting about verbal stimuli, namely that they can mimic the effects of operant and respondent processes. The implication of using verbal function-altering stimuli in teaching English is influenced by classroom conditions and instructions. A classroom situation can be shaped by the use of verbal function-altering stimuli in teaching.
Wulfert Dougher and Greenway suggest not only that equivalence class formation depends on the presence of verbal FASs, but also what the necessary verbal constituents for such function-changing effects might be. The use of function-changing stimulus in the form of verbal stimulus has a function in building students' interest in.
CLOSING
Conclusion
Recommendation
Brown, Douglas, (2001) Teaching by Principles: An Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy, New York: Pearson Education Company. Amos, (2002) Doing Qualitative Research in Education Settings, New York: State University of New York Press.
