Table S1: Search strategy and results
Search number
Query Search Details Results
1 "diabetic nephropathies"[MeSH Terms]
OR "kidney diseases"[MeSH Terms] OR
"kidney failure, chronic"[MeSH Terms]
"diabetic nephropathies"[MeSH Terms] OR "kidney diseases"[MeSH Terms]
OR "kidney failure, chronic"[MeSH Terms]
518,660
2 "creatinine increase"[All Fields] "creatinine increase"[All Fields] 425
3 "glomerular filtration rate"[MeSH Terms]
AND ("drop"[All Fields] OR "decrease"[All Fields] OR "decreased"[All Fields] OR
"decreases"[All Fields] OR "decline"[All Fields] OR "declined"[All Fields])
"glomerular filtration rate"[MeSH Terms] AND ("drop"[All Fields] OR
"decrease"[All Fields] OR "decreased"[All Fields] OR "decreases"[All Fields]
OR "decline"[All Fields] OR "declined"[All Fields])
12,846
4 ("clinical study"[Publication Type] OR
"comparative study"[Publication Type]
OR "retrospective study"[All Fields]) AND
"humans"[MeSH Terms]
("clinical study"[Publication Type] OR "comparative study"[Publication Type] OR "retrospective study"[All Fields]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms]
2,148,36 6
5 #2 OR #3 "creatinine increase"[All Fields] OR ("glomerular filtration rate"[MeSH Terms] AND ("drop"[All Fields] OR "decrease"[All Fields] OR
"decreased"[All Fields] OR "decreases"[All Fields] OR "decline"[All Fields]
OR "declined"[All Fields]))
13,249
6 #1 AND #4 AND #5 ("diabetic nephropathies"[MeSH Terms] OR "kidney diseases"[MeSH Terms] OR "kidney failure, chronic"[MeSH Terms]) AND (("clinical study"[Publication Type] OR "comparative study"[Publication Type] OR
"retrospective study"[All Fields]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms]) AND ("creatinine increase"[All Fields] OR ("glomerular filtration rate"[MeSH Terms] AND ("drop"[All Fields] OR "decrease"[All Fields] OR
"decreased"[All Fields] OR "decreases"[All Fields] OR "decline"[All Fields]
OR "declined"[All Fields])))
2,126
Table S2: Quality of the studies included in the aggregate data meta-analysis as assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS)
Number of stars selection
of participan t
comparabilit y of study group
ascertainmen t of outcomes of interest
Clase et al. 4 2 3
Holtkamp et al. 4 2 3
Ohkuma et al. 4 2 3
Ku et al. (AASK trial) 4 2 3
Ku et al. (MDRD trial) 4 2 3
Fu et al. 2 1 2
Shrier et al. 4 2 3
Torres et al. 4 2 3
Figure S1. Forest plot of the incidence rate ratio of renal events during follow-up in the presence and the absence of early renal function loss in eligible studies.
Figure S2. Funnel plot of standard error by incidence rate ratio for renal outcomes (for the studies included in Figure 2). P-values were assessed using Egger’s regression test (p=0.1321).
Figure 2). The effect size was expressed as incidence rate difference and 95% CIs for all studies.
Figure S4. Forest plot of the incidence rate ratio of renal events during follow-up in the presence
Figure S5. Forest plot of the incidence rate ratio of renal events during follow-up in the presence and the absence of early renal function loss in eligible studies stratified by duration of the observation period used to monitor the function loss.
and the absence of early renal function loss in eligible studies stratified by exposure to treatment.
Figure S7. Forest plot of the incidence rate ratio of renal events during follow-up in the presence and the absence of early renal function loss in eligible studies stratified by exposure to treatment, excluding the Clase et al. study [8].
Study
Random efects model
Heterogeneity: I2 = 99%, t2 = 0.0003, p < 0.01 Test for subgroup differences: c12 = 0.03, df = 1 (p = 0.87) Studies including only T2DM patients:Yes
Studies including only T2DM patients:No Random efects model
Random efects model
Heterogeneity: I2 = 98%, t2 = 0.0028, p < 0.01
Heterogeneity: I2 = 99%, t2 = 0.0004, p < 0.01 Holtkamp 2011
Ohkuma 2019
Schrier 2014 HALT PKD A Torres 2014 HALT PKD B Clase 2017
Ku 2017 AASK Ku 2017MDRD Fu 2019
Events
211 46
7 24 99 70 99 16
Time
1628.60 4439.60
109.20 216.00 8325.00 799.00 607.70 9677.50
Events
259 326
13 122 23 271 349 36
Time
3257.20 41791.20
1482.00 1478.40 35900.00 9179.00 3882.20 102151.00
−10 −5 0 5 10
Diference
loss better no loss better IRD
2.85 2.59
3.23 5.00 0.26
5.53 2.86 1.13 5.81 7.30 0.13
95%−CI
[ 1.40; 4.30]
[−4.84; 10.02]
[ 1.29; 5.16]
[ 3.01; 7.00]
[−0.06; 0.57]
[ 0.76; 10.31]
[−1.82; 7.54]
[ 0.89; 1.36]
[ 3.73; 7.89]
[ 3.96; 10.65]
[ 0.05; 0.21]
Weight
100.0%
30.6%
69.4%
13.2%
17.4%
6.1%
6.2%
17.5%
12.9%
9.1%
17.6%
Figure S8. Forest plot of the incidence rate difference of renal events during follow-up in the presence and the absence of early renal function loss in eligible studies stratified by the condition of T2DM.
Figure S9. Forest plot of the incidence rate difference of renal events during follow-up in the presence and the absence of early renal function loss in eligible studies stratified by the condition of proteinuria.
Figure S10. Univariate meta-regression analyses among age (Panel A), proportion of men (Panel B or mean arterial pressure (Panel C) and the incidence rate ratio (logarithmically transformed) of renal outcomes.
