implementation of microcontroller in lubricant viscosity

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IMPLEMENTATION OF MICROCONTROLLER IN LUBRICANT VISCOSITY MEASUREMENT TOOL

By

Stenli Octavian Eridheni 21952054

MASTER’S DEGREE in

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (MECHATRONICS)

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

SWISS GERMAN UNIVERSITY The Prominence Tower

Jalan Jalur Sutera Barat No. 15, Alam Sutera Tangerang, Banten 15143 - Indonesia

January 2021

Revision after Thesis Defense on January 27^th, 2021

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Page 2 of 62 IMPLEMENTATION OF MICROCONTROLLER IN LUBRICANT

VISCOSITY MEASUREMENT TOOL

Stenli Octavian Eridheni STATEMENT BY THE AUTHOR

I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and to the best of my knowledge, it contains no material previously published or written by another person, nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma at any educational institution, except where due acknowledgement is made in the thesis.

Stenli Octavian Eridheni

Student Date

Approved by:

Dr. Ir. Henry Nasution, MT.

Thesis Advisor Date

Dr. Ir. Hanny J. Berchmans, M.T, M.Sc.

Thesis Co-Advisor Date

Dr. Maulahikmah Galinium, S.Kom, M.Sc

Dean Date

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Stenli Octavian Eridheni ABSTRACT

IMPLEMENTATION OF MICROCONTROLLER IN LUBRICANT VISCOSITY MEASUREMENT TOOL

By

Stenli Octavian Eridheni Dr. Ir. Henry Nasution, MT., Advisor

Dr. Ir. Hanny J. Berchmans, M.T, M.Sc., Co-Advisor

SWISS GERMAN UNIVERSITY

This study aims to utilize free-fall steel balls as a learning medium for measuring lubricating oil viscosity. This study uses the Research and Development method, namely the research method used to produce and test the effectiveness of these products. Using free-fall steel balls with pre-designed designs, tools, and materials, the authors make a lubricating oil viscosity gauge which will later be used to measure the viscosity of lubricating oil. The lubricants that will be tested are multigrade lubricants that are commonly used with Pertamina Shell Tellus S3 M 46, Shell Tonna S2 M 68, Pertamina RORED EPA 90 oil in the maintenance practice area.

The results of this study the oil viscosity is close to an accurate value and according to existing standards.

Keyword: Viscosity, viscositymeter, accuracy.

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Stenli Octavian Eridheni DEDICATION

I dedicated this research for My Family & Politeknik Manufaktur Astra.

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Stenli Octavian Eridheni ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I Would like to thank Dr. Ir. Henry Nasution and Dr. Ir. Hanny J. Berchmans, M.sc and all Lecturers who have guided me while studying in Swiss German University.

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Stenli Octavian Eridheni TABLE OF CONTENT

Page

STATEMENT BY THE AUTHOR ... 2

ABSTRACT ... 3

DEDICATION ... 5

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... 6

TABLE OF CONTENT ... 7

LIST OF FIGURE ... 9

LIST OF TABLE... 10

CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION ... 11

1.1. Background ... 11

1.2. Research Problems ... 15

1.3. Research Objectives ... 15

1.4. Significance of Study ... 15

1.5. Research Questions ... 15

1.6. Hypothesis... 16

CHAPTER 2 – LITERATURE REVIEW... 17

2.1 Theoritical Perspective... 17

2.1.1. Lubricant Oil... 17

2.1.2. Lubricant quality aspects ... 17

2.1.3. Determining the Suitable Lubricants ... 17

2.1.4. Viscosity ... 19

2.1.5. Viscometer ... 20

2.1.6. How to Viscometer Works ... 21

2.1.7. Use of A Viscometer ... 21

2.1.8. Viscometer Type... 21

2.1.9. Viscometer Ostwald ... 22

2.1.10. Viscometer Hoppler ... 22

2.1.11. Analytical Explanation On The Process Of Ball Falling On Fluid ... 25

2.1.12. Viscometer Cup and Bob ... 27

2.1.13. Viscometer Cone and Plate... 27

2.1.14. Arduino ... 28

2.1.15. Proximity Sensor ... 29

2.2 Previous Study ... 31

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2.3 Gap Study... 32

CHAPTER 3 – RESEARCH METHODS ... 33

3.1. Research Framework ... 33

3.2. Scope of Study ... 35

3.3. Design Viscosity Measurement Tool ... 35

3.4. Tool & Materials ... 36

3.4.1 Arduino ATmega2560 ... 36

3.4.2 Inductive Proximity Sensor ... 37

3.4.3 LCD Display ... 38

3.5. Block Diagram ... 38

3.6. Flow Diagram ... 39

3.7. Wiring Diagram ... 40

3.8. Concept Design For Automatic System ... 41

3.9. List of Material ... 42

3.10. Testing of Components ... 42

3.8.1 Testing Arduino Board ... 43

3.8.2 Steps to input the program in the Arduino IDE application ... 43

CHAPTER 4 – RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS ... 45

4.1 Design Results Viscosity Measurement Tool ... 45

4.2 Viscositymeter Performance System ... 46

4.3 Analysis Data ... 46

4.4 Comparation Result Measurement ... 48

4.5 Calibration Using Different Fluids ... 48

4.6 Several Measurements To Get An Average Result ... 50

4.7 Discussions ... 51

CHAPTER 5 – CONCLUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ... 52

5.1 Conclusions ... 52

5.2 Recommendations ... 52

APPENDIX ... 53

GLOSSARY ... 58

REFERENCE ... 59

CURRICULUM VITAE ... 62

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Stenli Octavian Eridheni LIST OF FIGURE

Figure 1. 1. The process of measuring viscosity using the manual method ... 12

Figure 2. 1. Viscometer Ostwald ... 22

Figure 2. 2. Viscometer Hopler ... 22

Figure 2. 3 Determine the viscosity of the fluid ... 26

Figure 2. 4 The force acting on the ball falling into the fluid (Mikrajuddin, 2016) ... 26

Figure 2. 5. Arduino board (Arduino Mega 2560, Arduino Uno, Arduino Nano, Arduino Leonardo) (Https://www.arduino.cc/, 2020). ... 28

Figure 2. 6. Inductive Proximity Sensor ... 29

Figure 2. 7. Capacitive Distance Sensor ... 30

Figure 2. 8. Gap Study Mind Map ... 32

Figure 3. 1. Research Strategy Flowchart ... 34

Figure 3. 2. Lubricating Oil Viscosity Measurement Tool 3D design ... 35

Figure 3. 3 Arduino ATmega 2560 ... 36

Figure 3. 4. Inductive Proximity Sensor ... 37

Figure 3. 5. LCD 16X2 Green Black ... 38

Figure 3. 6. Block Diagram... 39

Figure 3. 7. Flow Diagram ... 40

Figure 3. 8. Wiring Diagram ... 41

Figure 3. 9 Storage Ball Design ... 41

Figure 3. 10 detail design storage ball ... 42

Figure 3. 11 List of Material ... 42

Figure 3. 12. Power LED and Pin 13 LED on the Arduino Uno board. ... 43

Figure 3. 13. The power indicator (green LED) lights up on the Arduino Uno board... 43

Figure 3. 14. Steps in uploading the Blink sample program to the Arduino Uno board... 44

Figure 4. 1. Viscosity Measurement Tool ... 45

Figure 4. 2 Ilustration Measuring Using Viscosity Cup... 46

Figure 4. 3 Ilustration Measuring Using Manual (Hand’s Operator)... 47

Figure 4. 4 Automatic Using Viscosity Measurement Tool ... 47

Figure 4. 5 Result of Oil Roret... 49

Figure 4. 6 Result of Oil Tonna S2 ... 49

Figure 4. 7 Result of Oil Tellus S3... 49

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Stenli Octavian Eridheni LIST OF TABLE

Tabel 1. 1 Viscosity time manually ... 13

Table 2. 1. SAE Viscosity Grades for Machine Oils (Khan et al., 2012) ... 18

Table 2. 2. Viscosity/ grade comparison (Khan et al., 2012) ... 19

Table 2. 3 Inner diameter of ball (Aryanto, Saptaningrum and Wijayanto, 2012)... 23

Table 2. 4. Previous Study ... 31

Table 3. 1. Technical specification of Arduino ATmega2560. ... 36

Table 3. 2. Technical Specification of Inductive Proximity Sensor. ... 37

Table 3. 3. Technical Specification of LCD Display ... 38

Table 4. 1 Result Viscosity Cup ... 47

Table 4. 2 Result Manual ... 47

Table 4. 3 Result Viscosity Measurement Tool ... 48

Table 4. 4. Result Measurement Viscosity ... 48

Table 4. 5 Result of Roret ... 50

Table 4. 6 Result of Tonna S2 ... 50

Table 4. 7 Result of Tellus S3 ... 51