DR. PARAMITA RAHAYU
URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING PROGRAM UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET
SURAKARTA, INDONESIA
POINTS TO DISCUSS
•
Indonesian Development Planning and Spatial Planning: The early years
•
The Indonesian Development Planning: The emergence of more integrated spatial planning perspective
•
The New Framework of Governance and the Renewed
Spatial Planning Act
(1) INTRODUCTION: THE DEVELOPMENT
CHALLENGE IN INDONESIA
SUMATRA
JAVA
KALIMANTAN
SULAWESI PAPUA
1805 KM 8000 KM
34 Provinces, 496 municipalities and districts.
1,9 million km2, 260 million inhabitants 16.058 islands; more than 800 local languages
Java is the densest island in Indonesia with more than 60 percent of Indonesian population but merely 7 per cent of Indonesian land
UNS
1971 1980 1990 2000 2010
SUMATERA
JAVA
KALIMANTAN
BALI & NUSA TENGGARA
SULAWESI MALUKU PAPUA
Java has been the densest island in Indonesia with more than 60 percent of Indonesian population since 1971, but merely 7 per cent of Indonesian land
4%
22% 34%
1%
8% 5%
27%
19%
62%
5%
5% 7%
1% 1%
Population
SUMATERA JAWA
BALI & NUSA TENGGARA KALIMANTAN SULAWESI
Source: Asian Development Bank (ADB). (2016). Indonesia country water assessment.Retrieved from https://www.adb.org/documents/indonesia-country-water- assessment; BPS, 2010
Having 62% of the total population of Indonesia, (about 160 million), Java only has 4% of total surface water availability. This leads to the limited supply of clean water due to high water consumption.
SURFACE WATER
AVAILABILITY
POVERTY RATE
• (https://www.smeru.or.id/en/content/estimation-covid-19-pandemic%E2%80%99s-impact- indonesia%E2%80%99s-poverty-rate)
(2) INDONESIAN SPATIAL PLANNING
The Early Years
1903 1921 1934 1938 1948
1957-1960DUTCH COLONIAL ERA
THE EARLY YEARS
DECENTRALIZATION IDEA
DECENTRALIZATION CONGRESS
URBAN PLANNING COMMITTEE
DRAFT OF REGULATION SYSTEM OF CITY PLANNING
LAW OF SVO AND SVV ENACTED
JAKARTA
OUTLINE PLAN 1957 AND
JAKARTA MASTER PLAN 1965-1985
EARLY ERA OF INDONESIAN DEVELOPMENT AND SPATIAL PLAN: KIP (KAMPUNG IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM)
What is Kampung? ; What is KIP? When?; Who initiate and finance the project?
• What is KIP?
• Who finance the project?
• (Devas, 1981) (
• (Deva (Devas, 1981)
EARLY ERA OF INDONESIAN DEVELOPMENT AND SPATIAL PLAN: KIP (KAMPUNG IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM)
• How was the process?
• How was the result?
• The weakness?
• The strength?
CONCLUSION PART 2
⬩ The early years indicated the influence of Dutch government system and spatial planning to Indonesian context.
⬩ To certain extent, the straight vertical communication simplify the process of development, to successfully accomplish the goal of physical development, but
weaken the process of participatory.
⬩ The formation of city master plan for Jakarta as the capital indicated the awareness for spatial planning but the implementation is not yet integrated, mere for several
major cities where the Dutch government commonly settled as the center for
commerce and government during the Dutch colonial era
INDONESIAN DEVELOPMENT 3.
PLANNING
NUDS (NATIONAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES)
• What is NUDS?
• The goal?
• The main points of NUDS?
DISTRIBUTION
URBAN STRUCTURE AND URBAN GROWTH
MAJOR URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE POLICY AND
STRATEGIES FOR
1985-2000 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY
POPULATION GROWTH ACCORDING TO THE CITY SIZE
MOVEMENT OF GOODS PER CAPITA IN EACH CITIES AND DISTRICTS
BIG AND MEDIUM CITIES AND
THEIR POPULATION
NUDS (1980-1985) TO IUIDP (1985-1989)
• Doubt to general program
• Sectoral problems
• Integration is a necessity
• The role of local government
IUIDP (INTEGRATED URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM)1985-1989
• The Process
Local Asessment
as spatial reference
Draft multi year
development plan
Proposed draft forwarded to provincial
government
Budgeting Process at
Provincial National and
Level
City-wide urban improvement and urban (infrastructure) development programs.
IUIDP started a more bottom up approach as oppose to the centralized program of
development
3. THE NEW FRAMEWORK OF GOVERNANCE AND THE
RENEWED SPATIAL PLANNING ACT
THE NEW ORDER TO THE REFORM ORDER
3.3 INDONESIAN SPATIAL PLANNING UNDER THE NEW ORDER AND THE REFORM ORDER
24/1992 26/2007
Management Directorate General of Human Settlements of the Ministry of Public Works
Ministry of Agrarian and Spatial Planning
Coordination Vertical Horizontal: encouraging regional cooperation Time span 25 (national); 15 (province); 10 (local) All 20 years
Guidelines Higher spatial plan Development plan and higher spatial plan Authority of
lower level government
Limited. The lower level spatial plan should be strictly in accordance to the higher level of spatial plan
Broader authority. The provincial or district
governments can stipulate new components in their spatial plan that are not stipulated in the higher level of spatial plans
Penalty Not applicable Penalty varies from administrative penalty to cancellation of permit and building demolition Open for
public
Not applicable Spatial Plan Document is open for public
3.3 INDONESIAN SPATIAL PLANNING UNDER THE NEW ORDER AND THE REFORM ORDER
24/1992 26/2007
Local wisdom consideration
Not applicable Should be maintained
Community right
Not applicable Community that feel aggrieve due limited
information provided related to the plan can sue the government for compensation.
Community participation
Describe in general Form of community participation is mentioned in detail: suggestions, complaint, opinion, consideration Authority of
government
the authority of provincial governments and of district governments) in spatial planning were not stipulated
Stipulates explicitly the authority of provincial
governments and of city and district governments in spatial planning.
Detail Spatial Plans
City and District Dev Plan
City and District Spatial Plan
District
Strategic Areas SP
City and District Detail Plan
Provincial Development Plan
Province Spatial Plan
Provincial Strategic Area SP
The regulation also mentions about spatial plan of (1) urban area and (2) rural area. However, the Act does not particularly mention at which level the urban area and rural area should be accommodated or integrated. This is then weaken the realization of these two categories of spatial plan
National
Development Plan
NATIONAL SPATIAL PLAN
Island(s) Spatial Plan
National
Strategic Areas Spatial Plan
