Well Integrity Study for WAG Application in Mature Field X, South Sumatra Area IRUWKH)XO¿OOPHQWDV&2

Well Integrity Study for WAG Application in Mature Field X, South Sumatra Area IRUWKH)XO¿OOPHQWDV&2

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ABSTRACT - 7KHPRVWRIWRGD\¶VJOREDORLOSURGXFWLRQFRPHVIURPPDWXUH¿HOGV2LOFRPSDQLHVDQGJRYHUQPHQWV DUHERWKFRQFHUQHGDERXWLQFUHDVLQJRLOUHFRYHU\IURPDJLQJUHVRXUFHV7RPDLQWDLQRLOSURGXFWLRQWKHPDWXUH¿HOG PXVWDSSO\WKH(QKDQFHG2LO5HFRYHU\PHWKRG&2₂ZDWHUDOWHUQDWLQJJDV:$*LQMHFWLRQLVDQHQKDQFHGRLOUHFRYHU\

PHWKRG GHVLJQHG WR LPSURYH VZHHS HI¿FLHQF\ GXULQJ &2₂ injection with the injected water to control the mobility RI &2₂ 7KLV VWXG\ ZLOO GLVFXVV SRVVLEOHFRUURVLRQ GXULQJ &2₂ and water injection and the casing load calculation DORQJZLWKWKHSURGXFWLRQWXELQJGXULQJWKHLQMHFWLRQSKDVH7KHIROORZLQJVWXG\DOVRSHUIRUPHGDVXLWDEOHPDWHULDO VHOHFWLRQIRUWKHEHVWSHUIRUPDQFHLQMHFWLRQ7KLVUHVHDUFKZDVFRQGXFWHGE\HYDOXDWLQJFDVLQJLQWHJULW\IRUVLPXODWH

&2₂ ZDWHUDOWHUQDWLQJJDV :$* WR EH DSSOLHG LQ WKH ;ZHOO LQ WKH <¿HOG 6RXWK 6XPDWUD ,QGRQHVLD &RUURVLRQ SUHGLFWLRQZHUHSHUIRUPHGXVLQJ(OHFWURQLF&RUURVLRQ(QJLQHHU(&(Š FRUURVLRQPRGHODQGIRUWKHVWUHQJWKRIWXELQJ ZKLFKLQFOXGHGEXUVWFROODSVHDQGWHQVLRQRISURGXFWLRQFDVLQJZDVDVVHVVHGXVLQJ0LFURVRIW([FHO7KLVVWXG\FRQFOXGHG WKDWIRUWKH FDVLQJORDGFDOFXODWLRQUHVXOWVLQSVLRIEXUVWSUHVVXUHFROODSVHSUHVVXUHRISVLDQGWHQVLRQRI OEI$OORIWKHVHUHVXOWVDUHVWLOOIROORZLQJWKH.SURGXFWLRQFDVLQJUDWLQJ:KLOHLQMHFWLQJ&2₂, the maximum corrosion rat e occurs. It has a maximum FRUURVLRQUDWHRIPP\HDUDQGDPLQLPXP FRUURVLRQUDWHRIPP\HDU :LWKWKLVYDOXHLWLVDERYH12562.6WDQGDUG0ZKLFKLVPP\HDUDQGQHHGVWREHHYDOXDWHGWRSUHYHQWWKHUDWH WRUHPDLQVWDEOHDQGQRWGHFUHDVHLQWKHIROORZLQJ\HDUV7RSUHYHQWWKHHIIHFWRIPD[LPXP corrosion rate, the casing PDWHULDOPXVWXVHD60&50DUWHQVLWLF6WDLQOHVV6WHHOZKLFKLVQRWVRXUVHUYLFHPDWHULDO

Keywords: &2₂ :DWHU$OWHUQDWLQJ*DV:$* corrosion, casing load

INTRODUCTION A. Background

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LQFUHDVHRIWKHUHFRYHU\IDFWRUVIURPPDWXUH¿HOGV under primary and secondary production will be critical to meet the growing energy demand in the FRPLQJ\HDUV$OYDUDGR 0DQULTXH

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&2₂ ZDWHUDOWHUQDWLQJJDV :$* LQMHFWLRQ LV DQ enhanced oil recovery method designed to improve VZHHS HIILFLHQF\ GXULQJ &2₂ injection with the Reserach and Development Centre for Oil & Gas Technology

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,661H,661 VOL. 44 NO. 2, AUGUST 2021

LQMHFWHGZDWHUWRFRQWUROWKHPRELOLW\RI&2₂&KHQ 5H\QROGV ,QMHFWLQJ ZDWHU DQG &2₂ into ROG ZHOOV ZLOO EH GLI¿FXOW DQG ZLOO UHTXLUH FDUHIXO FRQVLGHUDWLRQRIDQXPEHURIIDFWRUVRQHRIZKLFK LVWKHVWUHQJWKRIWKHWXELQJLQWKHROGZHOO

7KLVVWXG\ZDVFRQGXFWHGWRLQFUHDVHRLOSURGXFWLRQ E\ :DWHU$OWHUQDWLQJ *DV XVLQJ &2₂ 7KLV SDSHU DQDO\]HVSRVVLEOHcorrosion during &2₂ and water injection and the load calculation along with the production tubing during the injection phase. At the HQGRIWKLVVWXG\WKHUHVXOWZLOOEHDFRQVLGHUDWLRQ EHIRUHLQMHFWLRQDQGWKHRSHUDWLRQUDQVXFFHVVIXOO\

to do &2₂ ZDWHUDOWHUQDWLQJJDV:$*LQMHFWLRQ B. Objectives

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7RSUHGLFWcorrosion rate on production casing LQ<ZHOOIRU&2₂ZDWHUDOWHUQDWLQJJDV:$*

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C. Basic Theory

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aspects, this publication tends to answer these questions by investigating several aspects namely WXEXODULQWHJULW\DJDLQVWWKHDVSHFWVRIEXUVWFROODSVH and tension as well as corrosion issue.

1. Water Alternating Gas

&2₂ZDWHUDOWHUQDWLQJJDV:$*LQMHFWLRQLVD cyclic injection process where water and gas injections DUH FDUULHG RXW DOWHUQDWHO\ IRU SHULRGV RI WLPH WR SURYLGH EHWWHU VZHHS HIILFLHQF\ DQG UHGXFH JDV FKDQQHOLQJIURPLQMHFWRUWRSURGXFHU7KLVSURFHVV is used mostly in &2₂ÀRRGLQJWRLPSURYHK\GUR FDUERQFRQWDFWWLPHDQGVZHHSHI¿FLHQF\RIWKH&2₂

&KHQ 5H\QROGV &2₂:$* ÀRRGLQJ LV RQHRIWKHVXFFHVVIXOHQKDQFHGRLOUHFRYHU\PHWKRGV IRUDORZSHUPHDELOLW\UHVHUYRLURUDUHVHUYRLUZLWK IUDFWXUHV/LDRet al.EHFDXVH:$*UHVXOWV in better mobility control and higher microscopic

PLVFLEOH GLVSODFHPHQW HIILFLHQF\ FRPSDUHG WR injecting water or &2₂ individually. &2₂:$*LVWKH SUHIHUDEOHPHWKRGGXHWRWKHIDFWLWFDQJLYHKLJKHU UHFRYHU\EHWWHUVZHHSHI¿FLHQF\DQGFRVWHIIHFWLYHWKDQ other &2₂LQMHFWLRQPHWKRG.DULPDLHet al.

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WKH :$* UDWLR LV YHU\ GHSHQGHQW RQ UHVHUYRLU ZHWWDELOLW\DQGWKHDYDLODELOLW\RIJDVWREHLQMHFWHG

=DKRRUet al.

2. Property of Casing a. Burst Pressure

%XUVW SUHVVXUH LV WKH SUHVVXUH UHFHLYHG IURP inside the case. Burst occurs when internal pressure LV JUHDWHU WKDQ H[WHUQDO SUHVVXUH 0LWFKHOOet al., ,QFDVLQJSODQQLQJLWLVFRQVLGHUHGWKDWEXUVW SUHVVXUHLVWKHIRUPDWLRQSUHVVXUHFRPLQJIURPWKH next casing route, when the kick casing gets the PD[LPXPSUHVVXUHIURPWKHIRUPDWLRQ$QRYHUYLHZ RIWKHEXUVWSUHVVXUHVXIIHUHGE\WKHFDVLQJFDQEH VHHQLQ)LJXUH,IWKHEXUVWSUHVVXUHWKDWRFFXUVLQ WKHFDVHLVJUHDWHUWKDQWKHVWUHQJWKRIWKHFDVHWR KROGLWWKHFDVHZLOOWHDU$QRYHUYLHZRIWKHEXUVWLQJ FDVHFDQEHVHHQLQ)LJXUH%DVHGRQWKHIROORZLQJ equation the burst pressure can be calculated

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b. Collapse Pressure

Collapse occurs when external pressure is greater WKDQLQWHUQDOSUHVVXUH0LWFKHOOet al.,QWKH casing design, as collapse pressure is considered the K\GURVWDWLFSUHVVXUHRIFHPHQWRXWVLGHWKHFDVLQJ so the biggest collapse pressure accepted by casing DWWKHERWWRPRIWKHKROHDQGWKHZRUVWFRQGLWLRQV

occur when the casing is empty or the pressure inside WKHFDVLQJLV]HUR$W]HURGHSWKRURQWKHVXUIDFHRI H[WHUQDOSUHVVXUHLV]HUR,IWKHFROODSVHSUHVVXUHWKDW RFFXUVLQWKHFDVHLVJUHDWHUWKDQWKHIRUFHWRKROGLW then the casing will be bent in or collapse. In order to ensure casing not to collapse, the installed casing must have a collapse resistance greater than burst SUHVVXUH$QRYHUYLHZRIWKHFROODSVHFDVHFDQEH VHHQLQ)LJXUH:KHQWKHD[LDOVWUHVVLV]HURWKHUH DUHIRXUNLQGVRIUDQJHIRUGLIIHUHQWFROODSVHSUHVVXUH UHJLRQV 7KH\ DUH \LHOG VWUHQJWK FROODSVH SODVWLF FROODSVHWUDQVLWLRQFROODSVHHODVWLFFROODSVH5HJLRQ RIFROODSVHSUHVVXUHGHWHUPLQHGE\RXWHUGLDPHWHU UDWLR DQG ZDOO WKLFNQHVV 7KH GHWDLOHG UHJLRQ FDQ EHVHHQLQ7DEOH7KHGLIIHUHQFHEHWZHHQWKHIRXU UHJLRQVLVWKHHPSLULFDOFRHI¿FLHQWVXVHGIRUFROODSVH SUHVVXUH GHWHUPLQDWLRQ7KH HPSLULFDO FRHI¿FLHQWV IRUHDFKJUDGHFDQEHVHHQLQ7DEOH$WUDQVLWLRQ collapse region between the plastic collapse and HODVWLFFROODSVHUHJLRQVLVGH¿QHGZLWKWKLVHTXDWLRQ

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5XELDQGLQLWHQVLRQIDLOXUHZLOORFFXUZKHQ the tension load is greater than the tension rating. An RYHUYLHZRIWKHWHQVLRQFDVHFDQEHVHHQLQ)LJXUH

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A. Literature Study

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B. Data Preparation

In this section, well data, production casing data, DQGLQMHFWHGÀXLGGDWDKDGEHHQSUHSDUHGIRULQSXW WRVRIWZDUH

1. Corrosion Rate Prediction

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&RUURVLRQ(QJLQHHU(&(Šcorrosion model.

2. Casing Strength Evaluation

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3. Rating and Tubular Failure Analysis

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DATA AND METHODS

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1. Well Overview

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<)LHOG 6RPH GHYHORSPHQW ZHOOV LQ WKLV ILHOG produce oil using various recovery mechanisms.

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2. Production Casing Data

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3. Injected Fluid Description

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A. Corrosion

In &2₂ ZDWHUDOWHUQDWLQJJDV:$*LQMHFWLRQ ZKLFK LV LQMHFWLQJ EULQH DQG &2₂ alternately can

hDYHDQHIIHFWRQWKHPDWHULDORIWKHFDVH2QHRIWKH HIIHFWVLVcorrosion. By knowing the potential corrosion that will occur, it can be avoided by selecting the appropriate casing material and able to withstand WKHUDWHRIcorrosion that occurs due to the injection.

7KH 5HVXOW RI WKH SRWHQWLDO FRUURVLRQ IRU WZR FDVHVVKRZQLQ7DEOH7KHFRUURVLRQUDWHDUH PP\HDUPD[LPXPDQGPP\HDUPLQLPXP LQ WKH ¿UVW FDVH ZKLFK LV EULQH LQMHFWLRQ ZLWK WKH IROORZLQJGDWDLVLQ7DEOH)LJXUHVKRZVWKHcorrosion rate along the production casing. Because there is no chemical lead to corrosion, the corrosion rate is ORZ7KLVYDOXHLWLVVWLOOZLWKLQWKHVDIHOLPLWIRU FRUURVLRQUDWHZKLFKIDUEHORZ12562.6WDQGDUG 0RIPP\HDU

)RUWKHVHFRQGFDVHXVLQJ&2₂ injection, which WKHGHWDLOHGGDWDLVLQ7DEOH7KHUHVXOWREWDLQHG the maximum FRUURVLRQUDWHLVPP\HDUDQGWKH minimum FRUURVLRQUDWHLVPP\HDU)URPWKH data, it can be concluded that FRUURVLRQUDWHIRUWKH VHFRQGFDVHFDQEHVDLGWRIDLOEHFDXVHLWLVDERYH 12562.6WDQGDUG0ZKLFKLVPP\HDUDQG needs to be evaluated to prevent the rate to remain VWDEOHDQGQRWGHFUHDVHLQWKHIROORZLQJ\HDUV

7XELQJPDWHULDOVHOHFWLRQLVLPSRUWDQWWRHQVXUH well integrity in this case production casing, so it can GHOLYHUÀXLGVVDIHO\IRUWKHHQWLUHLQMHFWLRQOLIHDQG WKHUHDUHQRPLQRUPDMRUSUREOHPVWKDWFDQLPSDFW WKH LQMHFWLRQ %DVHG RQ 7DEOH 7DEOH DQG )LJXUHWKHFDVLQJPDWHULDOWKDWZLOOEHXVHGWR LQMHFW&2₂LV60&50DUWHQVLWLF6WDLQOHVV6WHHO which is not sour service materials because there is VPDOODPRXQWRI+₂6LQWZRGLIIHUHQWFRQdition which LVLQ:HOOKHDGDQG%RWWRPKROHFRQGLWLRQ

B. Production Casing Load

:LWK WKH LQSXW GDWD VKRZQ E\ 7DEOH LW FDQ be seen that at the Burst load, the internal pressure FRPHVIURPZHOOKHDGSUHVVXUHZKLFKLVDVVXPHGWR EHFRPSUHVVRUSUHVVXUHDQGWKHFROXPQSUHVVXUHRI EULQHLQWKHFDVLQJ7KHH[WHUQDOSUHVVXUHLVJHQHUDWHG E\SRUHSUHVVXUHZKLFKLVDVVXPHGWREHSVLIW

%RXUJR\QH 7KH EXUVW FDOFXODWLRQ JDYH D SUHVVXUHRISVLDWPHWHUGHSWKDQGSVL DWIWGHSWKWKHWXELQJ¶VHQG7KLVYDOXHPXVW PHHWWKHSVLUDWLQJRI.SURGXFWLRQFDVLQJ 7DEOHVKRZVWKHGHWDLOVRIWKHFDOFXODWLRQ)LJXUH UHSUHVHQWVWKHJUDSKRIEXUVWSUHVVXUH)LJXUH illustrates the burst rating.

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CONCLUSIONS

Based on the analysis above, several conclusions FDQEHWDNHQWRFRPSO\ZLWKWKLVVWXG\REMHFWLYHV

7KHSURGXFWLRQFDVLQJ.WXELQJXVHGLQ;ZHOO LQWKH<¿HOGKDVDORZHUULVNRIIDLOXUHGXHWR&2₂ ZDWHUDOWHUQDWLQJJDV :$* EHFDXVH DOO RI WKH production casing loads meets requirements with EXUVWSUHVVXUHSVLFROODSVHSUHVVXUH DQGWKHWHQVLRQRIOEI

In the second case, while injecting &2₂, the maximum corrosion rate occurs. It has a maximum FRUURVLRQ UDWH RI PP\HDU DQG D PLQLPXP FRUURVLRQUDWHRIPP\HDU:LWKWKLVYDOXHLW LVDERYH12562.6WDQGDUG0ZKLFKLVPP year and needs to be evaluated to maintain the rate to UHPDLQVWDEOHDQGQRWGHFUHDVHLQWKHIROORZLQJ\HDUV

7DEOH General reservoir data IRUPDWHULDOVHOHFWLRQLQWKH:HOOKHDG

3URSHUWLHV 9DOXH

5HVHUYRLU3UHVVXUHSVLD

5HVHUYRLU7HPSHUDWXUH)

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6RPH UHFRPPHQGDWLRQV FDQ EH DSSOLHG IRU IXUWKHU GHYHORSPHQW RI WKLV VWXGLHV WR JDLQ PRUH understanding and increase the implementation UHOLDELOLW\LQWKLV¿HOG

7RUHGXFHWKHLPSDFWRI&2₂ injection, in addition to using the appropriate material, in this case 60&50DUWHQVLWLF6WDLQOHVV6WHHOZKLFKLVQRW sour service material can also use other alternatives IRU H[DPSOH LQMHFWLQJcorrosion inhibitor either SUHÀXVKRUSRVWÀXVKRULWFDQDOVREHE\FRDWLQJ the tubing with FRUURVLRQUHVLVWDQFHPDWHULDOEHIRUH

&2₂ injection.

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Bellarby, J.Well completion design. $PVWHUGDP (OVHYLHU

Bourgoyne, A. T. Applied drilling engineering.

5LFKDUGVRQ7;6RFLHW\RI3HWUROHXP(QJLQHHUV Chen, B. Reynolds, A. C. (QVHPEOH%DVHG

2SWLPL]DWLRQRIWKH:DWHU$OWHUQDWLQJ*DV,QMHFWLRQ 3URFHVVSociety of Petroleum Engineers (SPE) Journal, SS

Juanes, R. Blunt, M. J. ,PSDFW RI 9LVFRXV )LQJHULQJRQWKH3UHGLFWLRQRI2SWLPXP:$*5DWLR SPE Journal, SS

Karimaie, H., Nazarian, B., Aurdal, T., Nokleby, P.H., Hansen, O6LPXODWLRQ6WXG\RI(25DQG 6WRUDJH 3RWHQWLDO LQ D 1RUWK 6HD 5HVHUYRLUEnergy Procedia, 9ROXPHSS

Liao, C., Xin-wei, L., Xiao-liang, Z. Ning, L.

Study on Enhanced Oil Recovery Technology in Low Permeability Heterogeneous Reservoir by Water-

$OWHUQDWH*DVRI&2)ORRGLQJ6RFLHW\RI3HWUROHXP (QJLQHHUV63(

Mitchell, R. F., Miska, S. Wagner, R. R.,&DVLQJ DQGWXELQJGHVLJQ,QPetroleum well construction,

&KDSWHUVOVQSS

Nippon Steel Tubular Products Nippon Steel Tubular Products. >2QOLQH@ $YDLODEOH D W K W W S Z Z Z W X E X O D U Q L S S R Q V W H H O F R P S U R G X F W V H U Y L F H V R F W J P D W H U L D O V P D W H U L D O V

>$FFHVVHG-XO\@

Revie, R. W.&RUURVLRQDQG&RUURVLRQ&RQWURO WKHG1HZ-HUVH\:LOH\,QWHUVFLHQFH

Reza, H., Arman, A. Ghazal, H&RPSDUDWLYH 6WXG\RQ2LO5HFRYHU\(QKDQFHPHQWE\:$*,QMHFWLRQ 7HFKQLTXHLQD)UDFWXUHG2LO5HVHUYRLULQWKH6RXWK ZHVWRI,UDQJournal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology, SS

Rubiandini, R. Diktat Kuliah Perancangan Pemboran. %DQGXQJ ,QVWLWXW 7HNQRORJL %DQGXQJ ,7%

Smith, L. DeWaard, C.&RUURVLRQSUHGLFWLRQ and materials selection for oil and gas producing environments. +RXVWRQ7H[DV1$&(

Touray, S.,Effect Of Water Alternating Gas Injection, 86$'DOKRXVLH8QLYHUVLW\

Zahoor, M. K., Derahman, M. N. Yunan, M. H.

:$*3URFHVV'HVLJQ±$Q8SGDWHG5HYLHZBrazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas, SS

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REFERENCES

Alvarado, V. Manrique , E. (QKDQFHG RLO UHFRYHU\$QXSGDWHUHYLHZEnergies, SS

American Petroleum Institute API Spec-

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