IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci. 1282 012011Long

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PAPER • OPEN ACCESS

The new settlement Long Pahangai II Village mapping plans based on participatory and land suitability in Mahakam Ulu Regency, East

Kalimantan

To cite this article: H Herlambang et al 2023 IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 1282 012011

View the article online for updates and enhancements.

The new settlement Long Pahangai II Village mapping plans based on participatory and land suitability in Mahakam Ulu Regency, East Kalimantan

H Herlambang^1*, Aryanto¹, A Prasetyo²

1) Forestry Faculty of Mulawarman University, Samarinda, East Kalimantan

2) Forest Management Study Program, Forestry Faculty of Mulawarman University, East Kalimantan

*[email protected]

Abstract. Long Pahangai II Village shows a worrying condition due to flooding, erosion, and river flows, which have caused damage to most of the houses, infrastructure, and public facilities.

Therefore, the community agreed to move to a new location across the river. The new Kampung Long Pahangai II settlement plan was preceded by a planning process involving the community in a participatory manner and considering environmental and forest conditions. This research aims to create a new village plan map for Long Pahangai II Village by considering land suitability conditions and community desires through participatory mapping activities. The research used two approaches: mapping the land suitability and community participation to create a new village planning map. A new settlement plan map was determined through group discussions, taking into account land suitability and community preferences. The research results show that organizational plans based on the results of participatory mapping need to be adapted to the community and the direction of the land according to topographic conditions. The area designated for the organization is 6.77 ha, the protected area is 33.07 ha, and around 29.53 ha is for the buffer area.

1.Introduction

Kampung Long Pahangai I and Kampung Long Pahangai II have unique conditions in the Long Pahangai sub-district, Mahakam Ulu District. Initially, the two villages had clear village boundaries.

However, due to flooding, the river changed its shape and made some residents of Long Pahangai II village move into the area of Long Pahangai I village. However, they still maintained their status as Long Pahangai II village residents even though they were in Kampung Long Pahangai I. This has also made complex government administration and development activities for the village and Long Pahangai sub-district difficult.

After holding various meetings among the villagers and the district government, the village head of Long Pahangai II facilitated a meeting with the villagers of Long Pahangai II to discuss the condition of their village. The Long Pahangai II Village development planning meeting, agreed to relocate the residents of Long Pahangai II settlements to a new location across the Mahakam River as a joint solution.

The village planning and development process is participatory by making a spatial mapping plan to accommodate the community's wishes [2,3,5,9].

The development process, which begins with participatory planning, aims to involve all villagers so that settlement development becomes a shared responsibility under the villagers' expectations [3,5,8,9]. However, the plan for developing an environmentally friendly village is not only based on the results of participatory mapping but also needs to pay attention to land suitability, especially topography [5,8,9]. Moreover, this development aims for long-term, permanent settlements. In addition, in

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determining the location of the local government office, villagers' housing block, and public facilities, one must pay attention to the technical aspects of implementation, landscape, and all. The development of information technology such as geographic information systems (GIS) and its various applications has provided real benefits in terms of spatial mapping, and it is very interesting to combine it with participatory mapping [7]. This study aims to provide an analysis of the spatial plan for the new settlement by considering the community's wishes and the topographical conditions in the new location.

2.Methods

2.1.Site description

Research fieldwork in Long Pahangai II village, Mahakam Ulu district. East Kalimantan Province (Figure 1). Geographically, the study area is located at coordinates 114°40'30"- 114°40'41" E and 0°53'00"- 0°54'00"N. The administrative area of Kampung Long Pahangai II is around 313.71 km2, and several villages directly bound it: Naha Aruq (north), Long Pahangai I (south), Data Naha (west), and Long Tuyoq (east). Mahakam Ulu District is a new district, previously part of West Kutai District, and in 2013, it officially became Mahakam Ulu District (UU. No. 2 of 2013). Therefore, there are many limitations on public facilities, especially transportation facilities. There is only one transportation route via the river using a wooden boat or speedboat, which takes about 7 hours from the Melak or Tering.

Figure 1. Map of research areas for participatory mapping Long Pahangai II

2.2.New Settlement Mapping

The procedure for obtaining a new village plan map goes through three main stages: 1) making a participatory map; 2) land suitability maps; and 3) integrating participatory maps and land suitability maps into the new village planning maps.

2.2.1.Participatory Maps

The community's wishes regarding the design of their new village were accommodated using participatory mapping procedures. The participation process is facilitated by providing space for community discussion to determine the village layout, such as housing locations, village offices, schools, markets, village halls, health centres, and other public facilities made in the form of sketch maps. This stage is reliable in helping the community identify suitable residential locations and

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distribute the necessary public facilities [1,2,3,6]. The results of the participatory mapping are then converted into digital form by scanning the results of the participatory map, followed by georeferencing, digitizing the spatial map in vector form, and filling in attribute data.

2.2.2.The land suitability map

The land suitability map was made using the thematic map overlay method, such as slope maps, landslide hazard maps, flood hazard maps, and river boundary maps [1,4,6]. The planned new settlement areas are analyzed using the spatial analysis method and the scoring method to obtain feasible priority locations for the development of residential areas.

2.2.3.The suitability of land for settlement map.

Furthermore, the spatial analysis of the land suitability map for settlements is integrated with the participation map to obtain a new settlement plan map. The last stage is reviewing the location to ensure that the map of the new settlement plan is suitable for the actual conditions in the field.

2.3.Focus Group Discussion

The concluding phase of this study involves community in the focus group discourse. The FGD aims to ensure the new village planning map is appropriate and accommodates community participation maps.

The focus group discussion also engaged in a more comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the necessary adjustments based on the land suitability map.

3.Results and Discussion

The participatory mapping process began with focused discussions (FGD) with 22 community representatives to determine plans for activities in the field: (1) determining the location of planned settlements, public infrastructure, and village government buildings; (2) the location of plantations area, roads and bridges, village forests, and springs; (3), measuring the area of the planned residential area.

The FGD process begins with a joint agreement to make a basic pattern of settlements consisting of housing allocations. Next is the position for public facilities such as primary and secondary schools, markets, community health centers, church mosques, and sports fields. The next allocation is for areas that function as agricultural and plantation cultivation areas, main roads, agricultural roads, bridges, water sources, community forests, and more.

Figure 2. Sketch the settlement plan resulting from the FGD session

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The one-day FGD at the village office resulted in a mutually agreed-upon sketch of a new settlement plan. The FGD situation is very dynamic. Most participants were involved and provided input regarding the new village spatial plan. Some propose a linear form of housing from the south side to the north side, following the main road in the middle of the site plan. However, more participants chose housing on both sides (east and west), with the middle lane reserved for public facilities such as schools, markets, and public health centers. Meanwhile, the position of the village office and other government apparatus is on the south side, facing the Mahakam River (Figure 2).

Several points in the settlement plan area based on participatory were inappropriate due to existing field conditions, such as steep slope configurations and swamps. Furthermore, the land suitability map becomes an integral part of the village spatial planning process, where the land suitability map is made using the integrated method of thematic maps and scoring based on government regulation No.

41/PRT/M/2007 concerning guidelines for technical criteria for cultivation areas.

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Figure 3. Map of the slope of the location of the new settlement plan (1) and the suitability map for the new settlement plan (2)

Overlay analysis of thematic maps is key for the land suitability analysis of housing, with several main criteria, such as slopes no higher than 25% and availability of water sources. Besides that, outside disaster-prone areas (landslides, floods, erosion, and abrasion), unprotected areas, agricultural cultivation, and buffer zones are other points to consider in this analysis. Geographic information system technology helped analyzed slope and land suitability maps for new settlement plans (Figure 3).

Differences in land allocation for participatory-based settlements and land suitability (Table 1) occur due to several factors, including: (1). Participatory mapping does not use an accurate base map when determining the location and position of the selected point. (2). Participation is carried out only on map sheets without supporting data or information such as land cover conditions, slope, and soil type. (3). The level of accuracy measurement is poor because the base map used is only an area sketch.

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MAP OF THE NEW SETTLEMENT PLAN FOR LONG PAHANGAI II VILLAGE,

MAHAKAM ULU DISTRICT, EAST KALIMANTAN

Table 1. Allocation of land for new settlements is based on participation and land suitability

No Spatial Plan Area (Ha) Percentage (%) Participatory Based Spatial Planning

1 Housing 10,77 15,52

2 Cultivation Area 25,53 36,80

3 Protected Area 33,07 46,67

Spatial Planning Based on Land Suitability

1 Housing 1,68 2,42

Spatial Planning Based on Agreement

1 Housing 6,77 9,75

Meanwhile, a mapping approach based on geographic information system technology can provide accurate mapping results [8]. However, there are several areas for improvement related to mapping that accommodate the community's wishes. Furthermore, through village meetings and some consideration of land suitability and the community's wishes, it was agreed that the allocation of housing areas, cultivation areas, and buffer zones was 6.77 ha, 29.53 ha, and 33.07 ha, respectively.

Figure 4. Map Of the New Settlement Plan for Long Pahangai II Village, Mahakam Ulu District, East Kalimantan

Combining participatory-based mapping with land suitability maps has proven to give better results.

The criteria for settlement requirements regulated by the government are not only fulfilled but there is also space that accommodates the community's wishes for the spatial layout they want. Figure 4 shows that the results of a compromise between the two approaches in making regional development plans should be encouraged to be applied to a broader sector.

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4.Conclusion

The results show the importance of the participation of local stakeholders in addressing village spatial planning issues and new settlements. The combination of the participation model and the use of GIS technology provides an opportunity that can be optimized in the preparation of new housing development plans that are more environmentally friendly. Based on the study, the appropriate land allocation directive for the new Kampung Long Pahangai II settlement is around 6.77 ha, the protected area land is 33.07 ha, and the buffer zone is 29.53 ha.

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