Baseline Characteristics Supplement
Characteristic Antimicrobial Lead Time (ALT) Group
0-1 Hours 1-2 Hours 2-3 Hours 3-6 Hours 6-12 Hours > 12 Hours Prior to ED Missing P-Valuea
N=1,835 N=1,038 N=516 N=540 N=238 N=166 N=70 N=26
N %, or
mean (SD) N
%, or mean
(SD) N
%, or mean
(SD) N
%, or mean
(SD) N
%, or mean
(SD) N %, or mean
(SD) N
%, or mean
(SD) N
%, or mean (SD) Comorbidities
Congestive Heart
Failure 425 23.2% 240 23.1% 138 26.7% 138 25.6% 77 32.4% 48 28.9%
1
4 20.0% 5 19.2% 0.02
Cardiac
Arrhythmias 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% - b
Valvular Disease 83 4.5% 47 4.5% 36 7.0% 45 8.3% 14 5.9% 16 9.6% 4 5.7% 0 0.0% 0.002
Pulmonary
Circulation Disorders 98 5.3% 38 3.7% 28 5.4% 33 6.1% 13 5.5% 12 7.2% 3 4.3% 1 3.8% 0.27
Peripheral Vascular
Disorders 28 1.5% 24 2.3% 10 1.9% 9 1.7% 6 2.5% 5 3.0% 3 4.3% 1 3.8% 0.41
Hypertension,
Uncomplicated 656 35.7% 343 33.0% 179 34.7% 183 33.9% 86 36.1% 53 31.9% 2
6 37.1% 9 34.6% 0.77
Paralysis 20 1.1% 23 2.2% 5 1.0% 10 1.9% 5 2.1% 4 2.4% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0.14
Other Neurological
Disorders 120 6.5% 89 8.6% 39 7.6% 39 7.2% 16 6.7% 11 6.6% 4 5.7% 1 3.8% 0.59
Chronic Pulmonary
Disease 406 22.1% 246 23.7% 129 25.0% 110 20.4% 47 19.7% 26 15.7% 1
6 22.9% 4 15.4% 0.14
Diabetes,
Uncomplicated 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% - b
Diabetes,
Complicated 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% - b
Hypothyroidism 191 10.4% 95 9.2% 46 8.9% 57 10.6% 29 12.2% 26 15.7% 1
0 14.3% 1 3.8% 0.13
Renal Failure 488 26.6% 307 29.6% 143 27.7% 154 28.5% 66 27.7% 57 34.3%
1
9 27.1% 3 11.5% 0.37
Liver Disease 251 13.7% 145 14.0% 74 14.3% 87 16.1% 33 13.9% 25 15.1% 7 10.0% 5 19.2% 0.78
Peptic Ulcer Disease Excluding
Bleeding 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% - b
AIDS/HIV 58 3.2% 39 3.8% 20 3.9% 19 3.5% 5 2.1% 8 4.8% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0.44
Lymphoma 48 2.6% 30 2.9% 9 1.7% 20 3.7% 10 4.2% 9 5.4% 1 1.4% 0 0.0% 0.13
Metastatic Cancer 117 6.4% 60 5.8% 37 7.2% 33 6.1% 15 6.3% 3 1.8% 4 5.7% 4 15.4% 0.34
Solid Tumor
Without Metastasis 201 11.0% 111 10.7% 66 12.8% 50 9.3% 26 10.9% 11 6.6% 8 11.4% 5 19.2% 0.36
Rheumatoid Arthritis/Collagen
Vascular 49 2.7% 25 2.4% 19 3.7% 15 2.8% 10 4.2% 5 3.0% 1 1.4% 0 0.0% 0.63
Coagulopathy 131 7.1% 74 7.1% 43 8.3% 53 9.8% 17 7.1% 14 8.4%
1
3 18.6% 2 7.7% 0.01
Obesity 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% - b
Weight Loss 169 9.2% 107 10.3% 68 13.2% 45 8.3% 40 16.8% 20 12.0% 9 12.9% 0 0.0% 0.002
Fluid and
Electrolyte Disorders 1035 56.4% 610 58.8% 300 58.1% 329 60.9% 139 58.4% 99 59.6%
4
4 62.9% 11 42.3% 0.55
Blood Loss Anemia 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% - b
Deficiency Anemia 21 1.1% 13 1.3% 6 1.2% 10 1.9% 3 1.3% 1 0.6% 1 1.4% 0 0.0% 0.88
Alcohol Abuse 1 0.1% 1 0.1% 0 0.0% 1 0.2% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0.93
Drug Abuse 61 3.3% 34 3.3% 15 2.9% 17 3.1% 6 2.5% 3 1.8% 2 2.9% 0 0.0% 0.95
Psychoses 58 3.2% 27 2.6% 13 2.5% 12 2.2% 4 1.7% 2 1.2% 1 1.4% 1 3.8% 0.56
Depression 253 13.8% 132 12.7% 70 13.6% 74 13.7% 28 11.8% 22 13.3% 7 10.0% 3 11.5% 0.93
Hypertension,
Complicated 410 22.3% 266 25.6% 124 24.0% 126 23.3% 58 24.4% 49 29.5%
1
4 20.0% 3 11.5% 0.26
Sex
Male Gender 1835 54.4% 1038 56.5% 516 52.3% 540 51.3% 238 54.2% 16
6 53.0% 7
0 57.1% 26 50.0% 0.54
Age 1835
51.0
(17.5) 1038
52.2
(17.9) 516
52.4
(17.8) 540
50.5 (17.2) 238
51.6 (16.8)
16 6
49.7 (17.5)
7 0
50.9 (20.0) 26
55.6
(21.4) 0.26 qSOFA 1831 1.5 (1.0) 1035 1.5 (1.0) 514 1.6 (1.0) 537
1.6
(1.0) 238 1.6 (1.0)
16
5 1.5 (1.0) 6 9
1.6 (1.0) 20
2.3
(1.0) 0.50
Initial MAP 1621 79.0
(18.8) 916 79.4
(18.3) 466 77.9
(18.0) 480 78.5
(19.0) 207 79.2 (19.0) 14
0 81.1
(19.6) 6 2 83.5
(20.8) 17 59.5
(24.2) 0.24 Initial FiO2 Delivered 566 0.6 (0.3) 289 0.6 (0.3) 160 0.7 (0.3) 173
0.7 (0.3) 79
0.6
(0.3) 38 0.7 (0.3) 2 8
0.6 (0.3) 9
0.9
(0.2) 0.27 Initial PaCO2 358 26.5 (4.2) 211
27.0
(3.9) 100
27.6
(3.4) 110
26.4 (4.3) 55
26.9
(4.4) 26 26.5 (4.3) 1 9
25.0 (3.7) 4
23.3
(3.1) 0.11 Initial Creatinine 1444 2.0 (2.2) 822 2.2 (2.7) 397 2.0 (2.4) 437 2.2
(2.7) 191 2.2 (2.5) 14
0 2.1 (2.1) 5
9 2.2
(2.1) 11 3.1
(3.1) 0.58 Initial Lactate 1006 2.6 (2.8) 557 2.5 (2.8) 300 2.5 (2.4) 291
2.4
(2.6) 115 2.5
(2.3) 65 2.5 (2.5) 4 0
2.5 (2.2) 5
4.5
(4.6) 0.99 First Three Doses of
Antimicrobials Received Gram Positive
Coverage included 1205 65.7% 695 67.0% 347 67.2% 320 59.3% 105 44.1% 52 31.3%
4
2 60.0% 0 0.0% <0.001 Gram Negative
Coverage included 942 51.3% 641 61.8% 304 58.9% 254 47.0% 102 42.9% 56 33.7%
3
9 55.7% 0 0.0% <0.002 Both Gram Positive
and Negative
included 640 34.9% 425 40.9% 191 37.0% 128 23.7% 33 13.9% 13 7.8%
2
2 31.4% 0 0.0% <0.003 Sepsis Source
Cardiac 14 29.8% 7 14.9% 4 8.5% 13 27.7% 4 8.5% 5 10.6% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0.003 C
CNS 8 27.6% 9 31.0% 2 6.9% 7 24.1% 2 6.9% 0 0.0% 1 3.4% 0 0.0% 0.035 C
Device Related 32 41.6% 21 27.3% 4 5.2% 10 13.0% 7 9.1% 2 2.6% 1 1.3% 0 0.0% 0.123 C
Intraabdominal 109 36.6% 69 23.2% 32 10.7% 42 14.1% 21 7.0% 13 4.4% 7 2.3% 5 1.7% 0.08 C
Gynecological 9 45.0% 2 10.0% 1 5.0% 3 15.0% 2 10.0% 0 0.0% 2 10.0% 1 5.0% 0.02 C
Bacteremia 657 40.3% 373 22.9% 191 11.7% 212 13.0% 102 6.3% 63 3.9% 2
2
1.3% 10 0.6%
0.03 C
HIV-Related 46 40.4% 32 28.1% 16 14.0% 12 10.5% 3 2.6% 5 4.4% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0.02 C
Joint 6 30.0% 4 20.0% 2 10.0% 5 25.0% 2 10.0% 1 5.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0.08 C
Lungs 543 42.5% 297 23.2% 158 12.4% 144 11.3% 63 4.9% 44 3.4% 2
2
1.7% 8 0.6%
0.18 C
SSTI 86 36.6% 70 29.8% 23 9.8% 33 14.0% 10 4.3% 11 4.7% 2 0.9% 0 0.0% 0.02 C
Urinary, or Kidney 312 49.0% 145 22.8% 75 11.8% 53 8.3% 19 3.0% 20 3.1% 1
3
2.0% 0 0.0%
0.08 C
Unclear 13 30.2% 9 20.9% 8 18.6% 6 14.0% 3 7.0% 2 4.7% 0 0.0% 2 4.7% 0.03 C
Abbreviations: ALT: antimicrobial lead time; FiO2: Fraction of the Inspired Oxygen; MAP: Mean Arterial Pressure; qSOFA: quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score.
a : Testing for differences between all ALT groups, except missing values. Continuous values were compared with ANOVA. Categorical values with Chi-Square test.
b : Sample too small to be calculated.
c : Based on logistic regression, lowest P-value of at least one-category that is different proportions from the baseline 0-1 hours, excluding missing data category.
