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Supplementary table 1. Established cardiovascular risk factors in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and controls.

Patients (N=44)

Controls (N=44)

p value Gender (%)

 Male

 Female

22 (50) 22 (50)

22 (50) 22 (50)

1

Age (years) 36.1 ± 10.3 37.2 ± 10.7 0.621

Smoking (%) 18 (40.9) 18 (40.9) 1

Smokers (%)

 Non-smokers

 Former

 Light

 Moderate-heavy

18 (40.9) 8 (18.2) 5 (11.4) 13 (29.5)

20 (45.5) 6 (13.6) 6 (13.6) 12 (27.3)

0.914

BMIa (kg/m2) 23.7 (16.5-37.4) 24.3 (18-36.3) 0.388

Hypertension (%) 1 (2.3) 4 (9.1) 0.360

Mean blood pressure (mmHg)

86 ± 11.8 87.2 ± 12.1 0.643

Systolic blood pressure

>140 mmHg (%)

0 2 (4.5) 0.494

Diastolic blood pressure

>90 mmHg (%)

0 3 (6.8) 0.241

Hyperlipidaemia (%) 0 4 (9.1) 0.116

Cholesterol >200 mg/dL (%)

13 (31.7) 20 (45.5) 0.266

HDL-Cb <40 mg/dL (%) 14 (35) 11 (25) 0.348

LDL-Cc >130 mg/dL (%) 13 (33.3) 21 (48.8) 0.183

Family history (%) 16 (36.4) 7 (15.9) 0.051

aBMI, body mass index; bHDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; cLDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol.

(2)

Supplementary table 2. Laboratory investigations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and controls.

Patients Controls p value

Haemoglobin (g/dL) 12.8 ± 2.5 14 ± 1.3 0.016

White blood cells (x109/L)

7.4 (3.1-13.6) 6.6 (3.5-12.5) 0.098

Platelets (x109/L) 277 ± 82 227 ± 51 0.001

CRPa (mg/L) 3.5 (0.07-160) 3.7 (3.19-13.4) 0.123 Cholesterol (mg/dL) 173.6 ± 46.7 201.2 ± 36.3 0.003

HDL-Cb (mg/dL) 48.8 ± 14.9 50.6 ± 13.6 0.571

LDL-Cc (mg/dL) 106.4 ± 36.4 129.4 ± 31.9 0.003

Triglycerides (mg/dL) 88.1 ± 32.9 98 ± 49.2 0.285 Vitamin B12 (pg/mL) 298 (57-2000) 319 (131-527) 0.979 Folic acid (ng/mL) 5.1 (1.3-24) 6.8 (2.5-19.5) 0.007 Homocysteine (μmol/L) 13.2 (5.2-41) 13.1 (5.2-23.7) 0.705 Lp-PLA2d (nmol/ml/min) 46.8 ± 12.2 53.9 ± 13.5 0.011 Lp-PLA2/LDL-C 0.44 (0.21-1.07) 0.42 (0.22-0.96) 0.174 Resistin (ng/mL) 13.7 (5.4-53.4) 10 (5.4-50.9) 0.022 Adiponectin (ng/mL) 8011.3 ± 4428.9 8254.9 ± 4495 0.799

aCRP, C-reactive protein; bHDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; cLDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; dLp-PLA2, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2.

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Supplementary table 3. Disease characteristics in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

All IBD Crohn’s disease (N=29)

Ulcerative colitis (N=15)

p value

Disease duration (years) 8.4 ± 7.2 (1-28)

7 (1-26) 4 (1-28) 0.813 Activity (%)

 Mild (0-1 flares/2 years)

 Moderate (2-3)

 Severe (≥4)

28 (63.6) 8 (18.2) 8 (18.2)

18 (62.1) 6 (20.7) 5 (17.2)

10 (66.7) 2 (13.3) 3 (20)

0.832

Remission (%) 32 (72.7) 21 (72.4) 11 (73.3) 1

Disease extent-Ulcerative colitis (%)

 Left-sided colitis

 Extensive colitis

 Pancolitis

7 3 5 Disease extent- Crohn’s disease

(%)

 Terminal ileum

 Colon

 Terminal ileum and colon

14 7 6

CDAIa 50.4 ± 48

Mayo score 2.5 ± 3.3

Previous surgery (%) 9 (20.5) 9 (31) 0 0.043

Treatment (%)

 5-ASAb

 Azathioprine

 Anti-TNF-ac

 Corticosteroids

21 (47.7) 19 (43.2) 20 (45.5) 6 (6.8)

8 (27.6) 10 (34.5) 15 (51.7) 3 (10.3)

13 (86.7) 9 (60) 5 (33.3) 3 (20)

0.001 0.194 0.400 0.674

aCDAI, Crohn’s disease activity index; b5-ASA, 5-aminosalicylates; cTNF-a, tumor necrosis factor a.

(4)

Supplementary table 4. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors in patients with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.

Crohn’s disease Ulcerative colitis p value Gender (%)

 Male

 Female

14 (48.3) 15 (51.7)

8 (53.3) 7 (46.7)

1

Age (years) 38 ± 9.5 32.2 ± 11.2 0.076

Smoking (%) 17 (58.6) 1 (6.7) 0.003

Smokers (%)

 Non-smokers

 Former

 Light

 Moderate-heavy

8 (27.6) 4 (13.8) 5 (17.2) 12 (41.4)

10 (66.7) 4 (26.7) 0 1 (6.7)

0.004

BMIa (kg/m2) 23.7 (16.5-37.4) 22.5 (17.8-36.6) 0.612

Hypertension (%) 1 (3.4) 0 1

Mean blood pressure (mmHg)

85.8 ± 12.8 86.4 ± 9.8 0.870

Systolic blood pressure

>140 mmHg (%)

0 0

Diastolic blood pressure

>90 mmHg (%)

0 0

Hyperlipidaemia (%) 0 0

Cholesterol >200 mg/dL (%) 9 (33.3) 4 (28.6) 1

HDL-Cb <40 mg/dL (%) 12 (46.2) 2 (14.3) 0.095

LDL-Cc >130 mg/dL (%) 8 (32) 5 (35.7) 1

Family history (%) 9 (31) 7 (46.7) 0.489

aBMI, body mass index; bHDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; cLDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol.

(5)

Supplementary table 5. Laboratory investigations in patients with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.

Crohn’s disease Ulcerative colitis p value

Haemoglobin (g/dL) 13 ± 2.3 12.5 ± 2.9 0.532

White blood cells (x109/L)

7.7 ± 2.3 6.9 ± 2.1 0.265

Platelets (x109/L) 278 ± 80 276 ± 89 0.953

CRPa (mg/L) 6.2 (0.07-160) 3.2 (0.1-26.4) 0.120 Cholesterol (mg/dL) 169.9 ± 47.7 180.8 ± 45.6 0.487

HDL-Cb (mg/dL) 46.7 ± 15.8 52.8 ± 12.5 0.217

LDL-Cc (mg/dL) 103.2 ± 37.9 112.1 ± 34.2 0.475

Triglycerides (mg/dL) 92.1 ± 29.6 80.3 ± 38.4 0.280 Vitamin B12 (pg/mL) 266 (57-762) 402.5 (195-2000) 0.017 Folic acid (ng/mL) 4.4 (1.3-24) 6 (4.1-17.5) 0.017 Homocysteine (μmol/L) 13.5 (5.2-41) 11.9 (6-18.7) 0.417 Lp-PLA2d (nmol/ml/min) 43.2 (26-84.1) 47 (30.2-69.6) 0.177 Lp-PLA2/LDL-C 0.49 (0.21-1.01) 0.44 (0.28-1.07) 0.515 Resistin (ng/mL) 15.3 (5.4-53.3) 12.9 (6.3-53.4) 0.665 Adiponectin (ng/mL) 6736.3 ± 3105 10476.1 ± 5575.7 0.026

aCRP, C-reactive protein; bHDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; cLDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; dLp-PLA2, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2.

TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α; b5-ASA, 5-aminosalicylates.

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