By
Angela Hartati 11404013
BACHELOR’S DEGREE in
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT concentration LIFE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
SWISS GERMAN UNIVERSITY The Prominence Tower
Jalan Jalur Sutera Barat No. 15, Alam Sutera Tangerang, Banten 15143 - Indonesia
August 2018
Revision after thesis defense on 25th July 2018
Angela Hartati STATEMENT BY THE AUTHOR
I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and to the best of my knowledge, it contains no material previously published or written by another person, nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma at any educational institution, except where due acknowledgement is made in the thesis.
Angela Hartati
____________________________________________
Student Date
Approved by:
Dr.-Ing. Diah Widiputri, S.T., MSc
____________________________________________
Thesis Advisor Date
Dr.-Ing. Arbi Dimyati
____________________________________________
Thesis Co-Advisor Date
Dr. Dipl. -Ing Samuel Kusumocahyo
____________________________________________
Dean Date
Angela Hartati MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE TREATMENT USING PLASMA GASIFICATION
WITH THE POTENTIAL PRODUCTION OF SYNTHESIS GAS (SYNGAS)
By
Angela Hartati
Dr.-Ing. Diah Widiputri, S.T., MSc, Advisor Dr.Ing. Arbi Dimyati, Co-Advisor
SWISS GERMAN UNIVERSITY
This research was conducted for the purpose to overcome Indonesia waste problem.
The samples are classified into garden waste, paper waste, wood, food waste, and MSW with objective to identify which type of waste give out more syngas since there is waste separation in Indonesia. All samples were treated by plasma gasification without pre- treatment (drying). Arc plasma torch used in this experiment was made by National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN) and used Argon as the gas source. Then the torch was connected to self-designed gasification chamber and gas washing system before injected into a gas bas for composition analysis. Another objective is to identify factors that may affect the gasification efficiency and the experiment shows that moisture content is not really affecting the efficiency but the duration of the process. The mass reduction of each samples were recorded, then the gas produced from the gasification process were analyzed. The result shows that food has the highest mass percentage reduced and producing the highest amount of hydrogen amongst other samples.
However, treating MSW also produce considerably high amount of hydrogen. In conclusion, MSW direct treatment (without separation) using plasma gasification is feasible since it still produces desirable quality of syngas.
Keywords: MSW gasification, plasma gasification, arc plasma sintering, waste treatment in Indonesia.
Angela Hartati
© Copyright 2018 by Angela Hartati All rights reserved
Angela Hartati DEDICATION
I dedicate this works for those who seek knowledge in order to serve for better future of the country I loved: Indonesia.
For my friends, for keeping me sane throughout the time.
For my parents, especially my dad, for being my biggest supporter in life.
And for myself for finishing bachelor degree.
Angela Hartati ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to express my deepest appreciation to all those who provided me the possibility to complete this report. First and foremost, I would like to express my thanks to God for his blessings to my daily life for good mind, good ideas and good health throughout this period.
A special gratitude I give to my advisor, Dr.-Ing. Diah Widiputri and co-advisor, Dr.- Ing.Arbi Dimyati, whose contribution in stimulating suggestions and encouragement, helped me to coordinate the research especially in writing this report. For always open whenever I ran into a trouble spot or had a question about my research or writing.
I must express my very profound gratitude to my parents for supporting me mentally and financially through out this research. For providing me with unfailing support and continuous encouragement throughout my years of study and through the process of researching and writing this thesis. This accomplishment would not have been possible without them. Thank you.
Angela Hartati TABLE OF CONTENTS
DEDICATION ... 5
TABLE OF CONTENTS ... 7
List of Figures ... 9
List of Tables ... 10
CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION ... 11
1.1. Background ... 11
1.2. Research Problems ... 12
1.3. Research Objectives ... 13
1.4. Significance of Study ... 13
1.5 Research Question ... 13
CHAPTER 2 – LITERATURE REVIEW ... 14
2.1. Waste ... 14
2.1.1 Waste Variation ... 14
2.1.2. Waste Composition in Indonesia ... 14
2.1.3 Conventional Waste Treatment ... 15
2.1.4. Waste Treatment in Indonesia ... 16
2.2. Plasma ... 18
2.2.1. Basic Principles of Plasma ... 18
2.2.2. Plasma Technology ... 19
2.2.3. Thermal Plasma Generators (Plasma Torches) ... 19
2.2.4. Thermal Plasma for Waste Destruction ... 22
2.3. Gasification Process ... 22
2.3.1. Principle of Conventional Gasification ... 22
2.3.3. Plasma Gasification ... 26
2.3.3.1. Principles of Plasma Gasification ... 27
2.3.3.2. Gasification efficiency ... 28
Angela Hartati
2.4.1. Definition of Syngas ... 28
2.4.2. Syngas Quality ... 29
CHAPTER 3 – REASEARCH METHODS ... 30
3.1. Venue and Time ... 30
3.2. Materials and Equipment ... 30
3.2.1. Materials ... 30
3.2.2. Equipment ... 31
3.3 Design of Experiment ... 41
3.4. Analytical Method ... 43
CHAPTER 4 – RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ... 44
4.1. Gasification Chamber Modification ... 44
4.2. Mass Reduction of Waste Through Gasification ... 46
4.3. Gas Component Analysis ... 47
4.2.1. Garden waste analysis ... 49
4.2.2. Paper waste analysis ... 49
4.2.3. Wood waste analysis ... 49
4.2.4. Food waste analysis ... 49
4.2.5. Municipal solid waste analysis ... 50
4.4. Gasification Efficiency ... 52
4.5. Energy Efficiency ... 55
CHAPTER 5 – CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ... 56
5.1 Conclusions ... 56
5.2 Recommendations ... 57
Appendix ... 61
Appendix 1: GC-TCD result for garden waste gasification ... 61
Appendix 2: GC-TCD result for paper waste gasification ... 62
Appendix 3: GC-TCD result for wood waste gasification ... 63
Appendix 4: GC-TCD result for food waste gasification ... 64
Appendix 5: GC-TCD result for MSW gasification ... 65
Appendix 6: LHV Calculation for Feed ... 66
Appendix 7: LHV Calculation for Syngas ... 67
