View of MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE GENERATION IN SRINAGAR CITY ON THE BASIS OF DAILY PER CAPITA AND REPRESENTATIVE BEAT METHOD

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ACCENT JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS ECOLOGY & ENGINEERING Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in Vol.01, Issue 08, December 2016, ISSN -2456-1037 (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL)

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MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE GENERATION IN SRINAGAR CITY ON THE BASIS OF DAILY PER CAPITA AND REPRESENTATIVE BEAT METHOD

Fayaz U Rasool Hajam

Department of Environmental Science, APS University Rewa

Abstract- The quantity and magnitude of solid waste generated at the various sources of Srinagar city and reaching to local dumps and final dumping site for disposal are not same.

It is determined by the efficiency of collection and transportation of waste, retrieval, recyclable material at different levels and other factors. This study involves assessment of quantity of waste generated at various functional levels viz. household, beat/ local dumping level, municipal ward level, zone level besides quantity of waste actually reaching landfill site at Achan. An interesting part of the study has been that the per capita waste generation in various sample areas varies from 138 grams to 384 grams. With an average waste generation of 27 gms which is close to the finding of NEERI and unlike to the study conducted by RITES for Jammu city (453 gms per capita per day). Average daily per capita waste generation from households of Srinagar city is 257 gms per capita.

Keywords: MSW; per capita, Representative area Method; Grams, NEERI, Beat etc.

1 INTRODUCTION

Waste is a continually growing problem at global and regional as well as at local levels. Solid wastes arise from human and animal activities that are normally discarded as useless or unwanted. In other words, solid wastes may be defined as the organic and inorganic waste materials produced by various activities of the society and which have lost their value to the first user. As the result of rapid increase in production and consumption, urban society rejects and generates solid material regularly which leads to considerable increase in the volume of waste generated from several sources such as, domestic wastes, commercial wastes, institutional wastes and industrial wastes of most diverse categories. Management of solid waste may be defined as that discipline associated with the control of generation, storage, collection, transfer and transport, processing, and disposal of solid wastes in a manner that is in accord with the best principles of public health, economics, engineering, conservation, aesthetics, and other environmental considerations. Solid wastes have the potential to pollute all the vital components of living environment (i.e., air, land and water) at local and at global levels.

This issue has now received the attention by international and national policy making bodies and citizens. In the international level the awareness regarding waste began in 1992 with the Rio Conference, here waste was made one of the priorities of Agenda 21*. Here specific attention was given to the

environmentally sound management of solid wastes. The Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable development in 2002 focused on initiatives to accelerate the shift to sustainable consumption and production, and the reduction of resource degradation, pollution, and waste. The priority was given to waste minimization, recycle, and reuse followed by the safe disposal of waste to minimize pollution.(

Note : * Agenda 21 is a comprehensive plan of action to be taken globally, nationally and locally and was adopted by more than 178 Governments at the UN Conference in Rio de Janeiro.).

!n order to assess the quantity of MSW generation, the Srinagar city has been divided into 22 wards with an average waste generation of 257 grams per capita. The generation of MSW in Srinagar city has been achieved on the basis of daily per capita and representative beat method.

2 MATERIALS AND METHODS

Per capita waste generation from each household was calculated by dividing average quantity of waste generated per day to number of family members. In order to assess amount of daily net solid waste generation per capita sample beats were surveyed in the city.

Beat is the allotment area to 10- 15 sweepers which generally in built up area covers an average about 1000-1500 household as per existing practice in Srinagar municipality. To find out daily per capita waste generation the consultant has adapted door to door

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2 survey method and representative beat method.

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 3.1 Per Capita Waste Generation:

To find out daily per capita waste generation, the consultant has adapted door to door survey method and representative beat method which is detailed in the table I.

3.2 Representative Array Method

To assess the quantity of MSW generated from different activity areas of each ward, MSW generation of various representative areas in each ward was studied with existing updated reference to land use as per city master plan being formulated by Srinagar Development Authority (SDA) and Town Planning Organization (TPO) Kashmir. On the basis of identification of land use city has been divided into 3 zones viz. Residential, Commercial and Mixed zone. The three representative areas with known population were identified to study and assess per capita daily waste generation which is shown in the table 2.

Table I shows that Srinagar city has been divided into 22 ward areas and the average solid waste generation of Srinagar city is 257 gms per capita.

Table 2 shows that Srinagar city has been divided into three zones by representative area method namely Residential, Commercial and Mixed zone.

The table shows the detailed solid waste generation of the three zones.

Table 1

Table 2

POPULATION IN 1000' S RELATION BETWEEN WASTE GENERATION AND PUPULATION REFERENCES

1. Agarwal, K.0 (1998):- Environmental pollution-causes, effects and control, Nidhi Publishers (India), Bikaaner PP-135-138.

2. Datta, M(1997): Waste disposal in engineering landfills, Narasa Publishing House, New Delhi, PP 201-205.

3. Dhameja, S.K (2002): Environmental Engineering and Management, S.K Kataria and sons, New Delhi, PP 177-180.

4. Dustbin Free and Zero Garbage Suryapet Municipality, Manual of Municipal Council Suryapet-508213.

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5. Newsletter (2007): Published by J&K State Board Srinagar. PP.12-30.

6. Solid Waste Management, a Newsletter (2008): Published By Directorate of Ecology and Environment.

7. Solid Waste Management, a Newsletter (2008): Published by Srinagar Municipality Corporation. PP.120-155.