ACCENT JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS ECOLOGY & ENGINEERING Peer Reviewed and Refereed Journal (International Journal) ISSN-2456-1037
Vol.04,Special Issue 08, (EMDMSCBW-2019) December 2019, Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE
1
efgyk l'kfDrdj.k esa O;kolkf;d f'k{kk dh Hkwfedk
funsZf'kdk% fjrq flagy izks- Mk¡- ;kfeuh ikyhoky
T;ksfr fo|kihB efgyk fo'ofo|ky;] t;iqj ¼jkt-½
Lkkjka’k%
vk/kqfud ;qx foKku dk ;qx gSaA ekuo us viuh {kerkvksa }kjk fofHkUuk {ks=ksa esa rsth ls izxfr dh gSa muesa rduhdh {ks= vks|kSfxd {ks= o oSKkfud {ks= vkrs gSa-A bl izxfr esa euq"; ds thou esa lHkh igyqvksa dks izHkkfor fd;k gSaA bl izxfr ds dkj.k vkt dk vk/kqfud lekt mRikndrk Lrj dks c<kus ds fy, ,slh izfrHkkvkas dh [kkst djrk gSa tks vf/kd dq'ky o ;ksX; gSaSA Lora=rk izkfIr ds i'pkr efgyk f'k{kk ds {ks= esa mYys[kuh; izxfr gqbZ gSaA
f'k{kk vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftd l'kfDrdj.k ds fy, igyk vkSj ewy Hkwr lk/ku gSaA f'k{kk o lk/ku gSa ftlls efgyk lekt esa viuh l'kDr] leku] o mi;ksxh Hkwfedk ntZ djk ldrh gSa bDdhloh lnh ds ;qx esa tgk ij bruh izfrLi/kkZ gSa ogk vPNh ukSdjh izkIr djus ds fy, vFkok O;olk; dks dq'kyrk iwoZd pykus ds fy, rduhdh dq'kyrk vFkok izf'k{k.k dh vko';drk gksrh gSaA bu izf'k{k.k }kjk jkstxkj dss voljksa dh vf/kdrk dks lqfuf'pr fd;k tk ldrk gSaA vr% dkedkth efgykvksa dh la[;k esa vHkwriwoZ o`f} gqbZ bl dkj.k efgyk, viuh igpku cukus esa lQy gqbZ gSa rFkk lQyrk iwoZd fofo/k O;olk; dks viukdj ;g lkfcr djus dk iz;kl dj jgh gSa fd os fdlh ekeys esa iq:"kksa ls ihNs ugh gSaA
izLrkouk%
fdlh Hkh ns'k dks iw.kZ :i ls fodflr gksus ds fy, ogk dh efgykvksa dk f'kf{kr gksuk t:jh gSa f'kf{kr efgyk lekt rFkk ifjokj ij vius gquj rFkk Kku }kjk ldkjRed izHkko Mkyrh gSaA ns'k dh vkfFkZd rFkk lkekftd fodkl esa efgykvksa dk ;ksxnku vewY; gksrk gSaA fodkl dh ftEesnkjh esa iq:"kksa ds lkFk fL=fr;ksa dh vis{kkd`r vf/kd Hkkfxnkjh gSaA bl Hkkfxnkjh dks lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, gh *ifjokj dh /kqjh* vFkkZr efgykvksa dk l'kfDr dj.k t:jh gSaA vkSj l'kfDrdj.k ds fy, f'k{kkA
xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa Hkh fL=;ksa dks izf'k{k.k iznku djdsa xkao ds fodkl dk;ksZ esa mudh Hkkxhnkjh lqfuf'pr dh xbZA mUgs le>k;k dh mudh fgLlsnkjh ?kj] [ksr ds vykok xkWo ds fodkl ds fy, t:jh gSaA xkWo rHkh vkxs c<sxk tc fL=;ka Hkh iq:"kksa dh rjg xkWo lfefr dh cSBdksa esa Hkkx ys mUgs cpr dk egRo Hkh le>k;k x;k f'k{kk }kjk mUgs cgqr ls dk;Z le> esa vkus yxs ftlls cgqr dke vius gkFkksa esa fy, viuk cpr cSad [kksydj ?kj cSBs jkstxkj djus yxh blds vykok fo/kok fookg] ngst izFkk] u'kk eqfDr] efgyk mRihM+u tSlh cqjkbZ;k dh jksdFkke esa lgk;rk feyhA xkWo xkWo esa ?kjsyq m?kksxksa ls mudh ftUnxh [kq'kky cuh gSaA
f'k{kk gh ,d ek= lk/ku gSa ftlds }kjk efgyk lekt eas viuh l'kDr Hkwfedk ntZ djok ldrh gSa nqfu;k ds tks Hkh ns'k gSa tks vkt le}o o 'kfDr'kkyh gSa os dsoy f'k{kk ds cy ij gh vkxs c<s gSaA blfy, vkt lekt dh vk/kh vkcknh tks dsoy efgykvksa dk izfrfu/kRo djrh gSa fodkl dh eq[; /kkjk ls ckgj gS vr% mUgs f'kf{kr djuk gekjh igyh izkFkfedrk gksuh pkfg;sA
efgykvksa ds vuqdqy okrkoj.k esa dsoy flfer la[;k esa ikB;~Øe iznku fd;s tkrs gSa T;knkrj efgyk,asa lkekftd ekun.Mksa ;k :f<+;ksas ds dkj.k O;kolf;d izf'k{k.k vkSj jkst+xkj rd ugh igqap ikrh gS efgykvksa dks vdlj iq:"kksa fd rqyuk esa vyx izf'k{k.k dh vo';drk gksrh gS D;ksa fd os vius ?kjsyq dke&dkt vkSj ns[k&Hkky dh ftEesnkfj;ksa ds vykok NksVs&NksVs ?kjsyq m|ksxksa esa dk;Z djus esa vf/kd :fp fn[kkrh gSA f'k{kk esa lekurk ds voljksa fd miyC/kh ds fy, ljdkj }kjk efgykvksa ds fy, dbZ izko/kku fd;s x;s gS ftuesa efgykvkas ds Lrj us ifjorZu ykus ds fy, f'k{kk dks ,d lk/ku ds :i esa bLrseky fd;k tk,xkA
bl ds vfrfjDr fofHku Lrjksa ij thfodk laca/kh rduhdh vkSj O;olk; f'k{kk eas efgykvksa fd Hkkxhnkjh ij tksj fn;k tk,xkA Hksn&Hkko uk cjrus rFkk xsj ijEijkxr dke /kU/kksa esa efgykvksa fd ftEesnkjh dks c<+k;k tk,xkA
ikjEifjd Hkkjrh; f'k{kk iz.kkyh ,slh ugh gS tks efgykvksa dh vkdka{kvksa dks iqjk dj ldsA fo'ofo|ky; ls fMxzh izkIr djus ds i'pkr ;g vo';d ugh gS fd viuh ilan dh ukSdjh ;k O;olk; feys vr% O;olkf;d f'k{kk izk.kkyh ,sls ikB~;Øe dks lanfHkZr djrh gS tks O;okgkfjd xrhfof/k;ksa ij vk/kkfjr ukSdfj;ksa ds fy, O;fDrxr :i ls rs;kj djrh gSA vc gj ,d O;fDr dks fdlh fof'k"V {ks= esa dkS'ky dh vko';drk gSA
vc 21oha lnh esaa o yksx tks fdlh Hkh rduhdh {ks= esa fo'ks"K gSa vPNh ukSdjh;ksa dks lqjf{kr dj ldrs gSaA bl fy, ljdkjh rFkk O;kolf;d nksuks {ks=ksa esa mPp Lrj ij O;olkf;d dkS'ky dh ekax esa o`n~h dks ns[kk x;k gSA O;kolkf;d f'k{kk }kjk bZysDVªksfuDl] vkbZ-Vh-] VsfydkWe] gkWfLiVsyhVh] gsYFk ds;j vkfn {ks=ksa esa jkstxkj dh miyC/krk dks mls izkIr gksus okyh vkenuh dks efgykvksa dks le>k;k tk ldrk gSaA
Hkkjr esa efgykvksa es ljdkjh o futh nksuks {ks=ksa esa O;olk; f'k{kk dk vHkko gSaA blh lUnHkZ esa izf'k{k.k egkfuns'kky; dkS'ky fodkl ,oa m|ferk e=kay; Lrj ij efgyk O;kolkf;d izf'k{k.k dk;ZØe dh lajpuk dh xbZA mijksDr dk;ZØe f'kYidkjh] mUur dkS'ky izf'k{k.k ;kstuk] izf'k{k.k dk;ZØeksa esa efgykvksa dh Hkkxhnkjh esa o`f} dj efgykvksa dks m?kksx o lsok ;kstuk gsrq izksRlkfgr djus dk iz;kl djrk gSaA ftlls mPp lsok ;kstuk okys
ACCENT JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS ECOLOGY & ENGINEERING Peer Reviewed and Refereed Journal (International Journal) ISSN-2456-1037
Vol.04,Special Issue 08, (EMDMSCBW-2019) December 2019, Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE
2
{ks=ksa] xSj ikjEifjd dSfj;j {ks=ksa esa efgykvksa dh Hkkxhnkjh esa o`f} dh tk ldsaA 2011 ds losZ{k.k ds vuqlkj Hkkjr esa efgyk f'k{kk nj 65-46 izfr'kr gSa tks iwjs fo'o esa efgyk f'k{kk nj 79-7 izfr'kr dh rqyuk esa de gSa gekjs ns'k esa 50 yk[k ls Hkh T;knk efgyk, ;k Nk=k,a tks u rks Ldwy tkrh gSa uk gh dksbZ O;olk; djrh gSaA
fof/k ra=%
izLrqr 'kks/k i= f}rh;d vkadMks ds L=ksrks ij vk/kkfjr gSa ftlesa dSUll vkWQ bf.M+;k] vkfQl vkWQ n jftLVkj]
tujy bf.M+;kA }kjk iznr vkadMksa dks rqyukRed v/;;u ds fy, iz;qDr fd;k x;k gSa tks dsoy Hkkjr esa iq:"kksa dh rqyuk esa efgyk lk{kjrk ds izfr'kr dks n'kkZrk gSaA
LkanHkZ%
1. MkW ekyrh 'kekZ%& ukjhoknh jktuhfr l?k"kZ ,oa eqÌs vkbZ-,l-ch-,u- 978&93&80801&15&5
2. fizUlhiy vkWQ oksds'kuy xkbMsUl%& jkeorkj R;kxh vkbZ-,l-ch-,u-& 81&89582&25&9
3. mnh;eku Hkkjrh; lekt esa f'k{kk%& ,l xqIrk ,.M+ ts lh vxzoky vkbZ-,l-ch-,u-&978&81&7541&393&1
4. Woman-s.net/woman-empowering 5. Upvesd.gov.in
6. www/franchiseindia.com
Trend in Literacy Rates in Post independent India
Years Rural Urban
Female Male Total Female Male Total
2001 46.7 71.4 59.4 73.2 86.7 80.3
2011 57.93 77.15 66.77 79.11 88.76 84.11 Percentage
Increase 2011 over
2001
24.00% 8 12 8 2 5
Adult Literacy rate (age 15 years and above)
Years M F Total
2001 73.4 47.8 61.0
2011 78.8 59.3 69.3
Numbers of femail Teacher per 100 Male Teacher at deffrents levels of education.
Years P UP S SS HS
2014-15 104 81 70 71 63
2015-16 105 83 72 73 64
Numbers of femail Teacher per 100 Male Teacher in university education in major disciplines Years Arts
Humunit ies social
science
Engi.Te
c. Comours Science I.T &
Comput er
Medicn al scicenc
e
Mang. Low Other s
2014-
15 113.3 39.0 83.6 87.7 78.5 153.8 57.8 45.4 120.6
2015-
16 111.6 38.7 85.9 89.1 77.2 157.1 59.6 45.9 122.3
