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ACCENT JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS ECOLOGY & ENGINEERING Peer Reviewed and Refereed Journal (International Journal) ISSN-2456-1037

Vol.04,Special Issue 08, (EMDMSCBW-2019) December 2019, Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE

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Hkkjrh; laL—fr esa /keZ vkSj v/;kRe dk fuca/kdkj dqcsjukFk jk; dh n`f"V ls MkW-dkeuk 'kekZ

lgk- izk/;kid] i-e-c- xqtjkrh okf.kT; egk-] bUnkSj ¼e-iz-½

yfyr fuca/kdkj dqcsjukFk jk; us Hkkjrh; laL—fr ds lanHkZ esa v/;kRe] bZ’oj vkSj /keZ ij O;kid fparu fd;k gSA Hkkjrh; laL—fr v/;kRe lkis{k gSA vkRek dks igpkuksa ^vkRekua fotkfr ghA* gekjh laL—fr dh eq[; vo/kkj.kk gSA bl vkRek dks bZ’oj lkis{k ekudj igpkusa ;k fujis{k jgdj] bldh ;gk¡ iw.kZ Lora=rk gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd ;gk¡

bZ’ojoknh vkSj vuh’ojoknh nksuksa izdkj ds fparu dks ekU;rk feyhA bZ’ojokfn;ksa us ^bZ’oj* ds uke ij dHkh vuh’ojokfn;ksa dk var djus dk iz;Ru ugha fd;kA dqcsjukFk jk; us bl lanHkZ esa fy[kk gS&

^^[kSj bl ns’k dh rks ckr gh vksj gSA ;gk¡ vuh’ojokn dh /kkjk cq) ds tUe ls cgqr iwoZ fo|eku Fkh vkSj

;gk¡ bZ’oj Hkh Hkys ekuql tSlk jgkA ;kgosg ¼tsgkok½ dh rjg otz mBkdj ;g mlus ?kks"k.kk ugha dh & ^^eSa vR;Ur Øq) vkSj egk}s"kh nsork gw¡] tks esjh mikluk ugha djsaxs mudks eSa /kwfy esa feykdj NksMwaxkA^^ vkSj u vuq;kf;;ksa us gh pkokZd ;k vftr ds'k dEcy dks ftUnk tyk nsus dk ç;Ru fd;k A bl ns'k esa vuh'ojokn ckS) /keZ ds :i esa jkT; /keZ Hkh cuk A

ij ;g ^cqf)okn^ ugha ^Kkuokn^ dk iks"kd cuk jgk A Kku lokaZx lk/kuk gS vkSj cqf) ¼ftl vFkZ esa if'peh n'kZu us ik;k gS½ var esa tkdj f'k'u&mnj ij Bgj tkrh gS A bl ns'k dk jk"Vªh; n'kZu osnkar vius ?kksj :i esa Kku dh lk/kuk gksrs gq, Hkh bZ'oj dk ¼vkjk/; nsork ds :i esa½ fu"ks/k gS A if'pe esa dqN bl fdLe dk Kkuokn mit ik;k ugha A cqf) dh odkyr 18 oha 'krh ds Ýsap nk'kZfudksa us çkjaHk dh A ijUrq cqf)okn vklqjh gks mBk jksekafVd vgaokfn;ksa ds Li'kZ esa vkdj A ck;ju budk vkn'kZ Fkk A uhRls us mUeÙk Lojksa esa ljs cktkj esa ?kks"k.kk dh

& ^^lquks js HkkbZ] lquks vjs ! bZ'oj ej x;k A^^¹

oLrqr% Hkkjrh; n'kZu bZ'ojoknh gks ;k vuh'ojoknh nksuksa fparu ds ewy esa ^Kku^ gSA Kku dk vFkZ gS vkReKku ds ek/;e ls lokZRe dks igpkuuk vFkkZr~ laiw.kZ tM+ vkSj psru esa vius gh Lo:i dks ns[kuk ;k laiw.kZ tM+&psru dks vius Hkhrj vuqHko djuk A vr% Hkkjrh; vuh'ojoknh n'kZu dk vk/kkj vk/;Re gh gSaA tcfd]

ik'pkR; vuh'ojoknh n'kZu dk vk/kkj vk/;kRe ugha gS A mldk laca/k cqf) ls gS tks fd HkkSfrdrk ls laca/k j[krh gS A Hkkjrh; laL—fr /keZ ç/kku gSA blesa vFkZ] dke vkSj eks{k dh /kekZuqdwy jgdj çkfIr dh O;oLFkk gSA Hkkjr esa /keZ dk :i lukru gSA dqcsjukFk jk; us fy[kk gS &

^^Hkkjrh; vfLerk dk fodkl ,d vfofPNUu lukru çokg ds :i esa gqvk gS A oSfnd çk.kokn ls fudyk mifu"knksa dk vareqZ[kh fparu vkSj vkReokn A ;g vkReokn ^'osrk'orj^ rd vkrs&vkrs 'kSo vkSj oS".ko /keZ&n'kZu dk :i ysus yxk A ;g vareqZ[kh fparu ewyr% oSfnd ckákpkj ds çfr ltkrh; foæksg Fkk] tcfd lka[;] ckS) vkSj tSu fotkrh; foæksg Fks A bl tkrh; foæksg dk mPpre :i egkdkO; egkHkkjr esa O;ä gS vkSj ;g ikSjkf.kd fgUnw /keZ ds :i esa fLFkr gksrk gS A fQj dkykUrj esa æfoM+ Hkkoqdrk ds la;ksx vkSj ckS) /keZ ds ?kkr&çfr?kkr ls blesa Hkfä vkdj feyrh gS A

blds nks :i gksrs gSa & vkpk;Z Jh yksxksa dh dV~Vj oS".kork vkSj larksa rFkk HkDrksa dh mnkj oS".korkA fQj 19 oha 'krh dk egktkxj.k vkrk gS] ftlesa larksa dh mnkj oS".kork dks fodflr djds egkRek xka/kh vkSj n;kuan vkfn lkekftd Lrj ij lukru /keZ dk iquxZBu djrs gSaA vkSj jke eksgu & foosdkuan & fryd izHkwfr izLFkku=;h dh iqu% O;oLFkk djds ckSf)d Lrj ij tkrh; ekul dk iquxZBu djrs gSaA vkt dk ^u;k fgUnw* 18 oha ;k 19 oha 'krh ds iqjk.kiaFkh fgUnw ls fcYdqy fHkUu gSA bl izdkj ge ns[krs gSa fd ,d vfofPNUu izokg py jgk gSA---²

Hkkjrh; n’kZu ^osnkar* ds :i esa tgk¡ fLFkj :i gS ogh ^Le`fr* ds :i esa fujarj vkSj ifjorZu’khy gS]

dqcsjukFk jk; us fy[kk gS & ^^ijUrq bl ewy vfofPNUu lw= osnkar ¼Jqfr½ dks NksM+dj 'ks"k lc dqN fujarj ifjofrZr gksrk jgk gS A Le`fr ;kuh lekt'kkL= fujarj ifjorZu'khy gS A^^ osnkar Lo;a dgrk gS vkRek gh ifjorZu ls ijs gS]

nsg dk tUe&tUekarj esa :ikarj gksrk jgk gS A vkfn 'kadjkpk;Z us c`gnkj.;d dh Vhdk fy[krs gq, ,d LFky ij dgk gS & ^^u vklhr~ iqjk {kf=;;kfn&Hksn% A^^ euqLe`fr ds vykok vU; vusd Le`fr;ksa ds uke vkrs gS A tkfgj gS fd os Hkh dgha vkSj dHkh pyrh jgh gksxh A rc euqLe`fr vifjorZuh; dSls gqbZ \ ijUrq tM+ iqjksfgr oxZ lukru ds bl xfr'khy vFkZ dks Lohdkjus ds fy, rS;kj ugha A

iqjksfgr oxZ u dsoy ^lukru^ dk vFkZ yxkrk gS] ^tM+^] ^xfrghu^ ;kuh ^eqnkZ^( cfYd ckákpkjksa dks vkSj vfo|k dks gh /keZ ds uke ij nqfu;k Hkj esa csprk gS A cq) us bUgsa igpkuk vkSj budk frjLdkj dj fn;k A —".k us bUgsa igpkuk vkSj bUgsa ?klhVdj Hkkxor /keZ ds ekxZ ij pyk;k A ij ;s ?kwe&fQj dj ckápkj ij gh vk x;s- - - -

^^³ /keZ ds uke ij c<+rs ik[k.M ds dkj.k vk/kqfud cqf)thoh oxZ /keZ dh gh mis{kk djus yxk gSA fons'kh fparu ls çHkkfor gksdj og Hkh /keZ dks lekt fodkl esa vojks/kd ,oa ns'k dh v[k.Mrk dks Hkax djus okyk dkjd ekurk gS A fdUrq dqcsjukFk jk; dh blds foijhr /kkj.kk gS A /keZ ds egRo dks çfrikfnr djrs gq, dqcsjukFk jk; us fy[kk gS

&

^^eSa /keZ dh vko';drk dks Lohdkj djrk gw¡A ftl çdkj ,d lafo/kku pkfg,] ,d ljdkj pkfg, oSls gh /keZ rks pkfg, gh A fcuk blds lewg dk dke py ugha ldrk A /keZghurk] ukfLrdrk vksj çkS<+ cqf)okn nks pkj O;fä;ksa ds thou esa Hkys lQy gks] ijUrq lewg ds euksfoKku ds ;g foijhr gS A ,d jkgqy] ,d ujsUæ nso ;k ,d

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usg: ds fy, tks Bhd gS] ogh /keZghurk fo'kky tulewg ds fy, vçk—frd gS A dHkh Hkh lkjk fo'kky tulewg

^cqf)oknh^ ugha cuk;k tk ldrk gS fd ^/keZ^ dh t:jr gh u jgs A tks cqf)okn ,d çfr'kr ds fy, Bhd gS] og 'kr&çfr'kr ij ykxw fd;k tk;s] ,slk fu.kZ; ysuk ew[kZrk gSA tgk¡&tgk¡ ;g x;k gS] ogk¡ ikVhZ dk vf/kuk;d gh

^bZ'oj^ cu x;k gS vFkok dksbZ fons'kh thou n'kZu mls fjärk dks Hkjus vk x;k gS A ^leiZ.k Hkko^ vksj ^v/;kRe fiiklk^ lewg dk lukru ekufld vkxzg jgk gSA lewg dk dke u rks dksjs cqf)oku ls py ldrk gS vkSj u dksbZ oSKkfud ekuookn ls] tks v/;kRe fujis{k gksrk gSA vr% ,d /keZ pkfg, vkSj v/;kRe lkis{k /keZ pkfg;sA⁴

dqcsjukFk jk; /keZ dks jk"Vªfgr ls tksM+dj ns[krs gSaA blfy, mUgksaus lukru /keZ dh 'kkDr lk/kuk dh mis{kk dh gS rFkk oS".ko lk/kuk dks egRo fn;k gS &^^---O;ogkj esa okekpkj vkSj ra= vkt Hkkjr ds fdlh Hkkx esa ugha gSA iwohZ caxky tks bldk iz/kku dsUnz Fkk vc ikfdLrku esa gSA vU; txgksa ij oS".koksa us ;equk cgk nh gSA egkleqnz dh txg egkHkkoA jk"Vª dh ekufld ifo=rk vkSj ifj"—r jk"Vªh; eu ds fy, ;g vko’;d Hkh Fkk] D;ksafd ra=kpkj nk’kZfud Lrj ij f’ko&’kfDr dk feyu fcUnq Hkys gh [kksts] O;kogkfjd Lrj ij f’k’u&mnj dh lk/kuk gks tkrh gSA ;g /keZ dk dkeuk naf’kr vkfne :i gS vkSj 'kkDr&lk/kuk rFkk ra= vius mPpLrj ij Hkh dke] Øks/k] en]

yksHk dh vkjk/kuk gSA vkf[kj flf);k¡ D;k gS \ 'kr&izfr’kr dkeuk&Toj dh egRokadka{kk,¡A ij oS".ko /keZ dk rks vkns’k gS fd ;q) Hkh djks rks ^foxr&Toj* gksdj] izse dh rks ckr gha ughaA---⁵

dqcsjukFk jk; us 'kkDr&lk/kuk ds nf{k.kkpkjh :i dks Js"B ekurs gq, Hkh blfy, vLohdkj fd;k gS D;ksafd og jk"Vªh; /kekZuq’kklu esa v{ke gS &

^^---gk¡ ra=kpkj dk nf{k.kkpkjh :i vo’; gh m/oZeq[kh gSA mldk mn~ns’; gS fnO; nsg dh izkfIrA bl iadnsg ds ek/;e ls ^Hkkxorh ruq* ¼fnO; nsg½ dh izkfIr dq.Mfyuh ds lglzkj esa tkus ij gksrh gSA izFke rks ;g lk/kuk dk vfr nq:g :i gSA nwljk ;g fd bldh i`"BHkwfe esa dksbZ lkekftd n’kZu u gksus ls jk"Vªh; /kekZuq’kklu esa v{ke gS---⁶

^^vk/kqfud /keZ&fujis{krk** ds lanHkZ esa dqcsjukFk jk; ds fopkj gS fd vk/kqfud ^/keZ&fujis{krk* dh vo/kkj.kk if’peh ^}U}* 'kkL= ij vk/kkfjr gSA 'kkL= vkSj LokuqHkwfr] osn vkSj yksd] bgyksd vkSj ijyksd] oLrqokn vkSj Hkkookn esa tks ^}U}* ;k f}/kkfoHkDr fLFkfr if’pe esa gS og ;gk¡ ugha gSA ;gk¡ nksuksa dks ijLij lg;ksxh :i esa j[kdj pyus dh ckr gksrh gSA if’pe esa bUgsa ^}U}* ds :i esa ns[kk tkrk gS] tks ;gk¡ ij ikjLifjd lkeatL; ds :i esaA Hkkjro"kZ dh ijaijk jgh gS ijLij fojks/kh ewY;ksa dks ,d jpukRed lkeatL; esa ykus dhA

dqcsjukFk jk; us blfy, if’pe ds }U} 'kkL= ds vk/kkj ij bl ns’k dh ckrksa dks mifLFkr djuk ,d folaxfr vkSj fnekxh xqykeh ekuk gSA oLrqr% Hkkjrh; lanHkZ esa /keZ&fujis{krk dk vFkZ /keZ cfg"dkj u gksdj /kkfeZd lfg".kqrk ek= gh gks ldrk gS vkSj /kkfeZd lfg".kqrk dh ckr dfo&dksfon] lar&HkDr gh ugha cM+s&cM+s izrkih lezkV Hkh dgrs vk;s gSaA bldk mnkgj.k fxjukj okyk f’kykys[k gS ftls dqcsjukFk jk; us viuh ckr dks izekf.kr djus ds fy, m)`r fd;k gS &

^^iwtsr ;k rq ,o ijik[k.M rsu&rsu izdjs.kA** ¼vius&vius lanHkZ esa nwljs dk ik[k.M Hkh iwtuh; gksrk gS½ iwjs ys[k dk vafre va’k bl izdkj gS & ^tks dksbZ vius lEiznk; dh iwtk djrk gS vkSj nwljksa dh fuank djrk gS og viuh ¼vfr’k;½ HkfDr ds dkj.k fd fdl izdkj ,slk djrs gq, vius lEiznk; dk nhiu ¼izdk’ku½ fd;k tk;A

¼ijUrq½ ,slk djrk gqvk og vius lEiznk; dh gkfu ¼gh½ djrk gSA vr% ^leok;* gh lk/kq gSA ,d nwljs ds /keZ dks lquuk pkfg,A ;gh ^nsokuka fiz;* fiz;n’khZ lezkV dh bPNk gS fd lHkh cgqJqr gksa] lHkh dY;k.kdkeh gksA⁷ ^^;gh gS bl ns’k dh ijaijkxr /keZok.kh vkSj ;gh gks ldrk gS bl ns’k ds lanHkZ esa ^lsD;qyj* 'kCn dk vFkZA

dqcsjukFk jk; ^/keZ fujis{krk* ds fojks/kh ugha gSA okLro esa mudk fojks/k mlds nq:i;ksx ls gS

&^^lsD;qyfjTe vius esa ,d :f<+eqDr vkSj cqf) vkfJr thou n`f"V gS] tks c<+rh gqbZ oSKkfud fpark vkSj fujarj fudV vkrs gq, fo’o lekt dk LokHkkfod ifj.kke gSA blesa dqN ,slk ugha tks Hkkjr dh yksdkJ;h laL—fr vkSj vusdkUroknh /keZ fpUru esa [ki u ldsA ^/keZ fujis{krk* ;kuh lsD;wyj O;ogkj dks Lohdkj djds pyus ls gh ykHk gSA ;gh n`f"V ns’k ds vk/kqfudhdj.k esa lgk;d gks ldrh gSA

ij fnDdr rc gksrh gS tc dksbZ mudk mi;ksx xyr egRokdka{kkvksa dks ysdj djus yxrk gS vkSj ;g ckr nqgjh uhfr] i{kikr vkSj neu ds :i esa mifLFkr dh tkrh gSA dksbZ blds }kjk ^/keZ* dk 'kq) cfg"dkj djds bls HkkSfrdokn dk dV~Vj ^ppZ* cukus dk liuk ns[krk gS] dksbZ blds ek/;e ls lkjs ns’k dks vuh’ojokn dh izf’k{kk nsus yxrk gS] dksbZ blds ek/;e ls fgUnw /keZ dks gekjh uSfrd Hkkf"kd vkSj lkaL—frd ijaijkvksa dks feVkus gesa fNUuewy gks tkus dk mins’k nsus yxrk gS] rks ,slh fLFkfr;ksa esa ^lsD;wyfjTe* dh bZekunkjh ij 'kadk djus dks ge ck/; gks tkrs gSaA----⁸

/keZ fujis{krk dk ;gh vFkZ gS lkaiznkf;d fujis{krkA lafo/kku esa bl 'kCn dks izfrf"Br djus okyksa dk rkRi;Z Hkh 'kk;n ;gh Fkk vkSj O;ogkj ds Lrj ij bldk vFkZ gksrk gS ^/kkfeZd&lfg".kqrk* ek=A dqcsjukFk jk; fy[krs gSa & ^^lsD;qyj** 'kCn vius bl vFkZ esa Hkkjrh; lekt ds fy, dksbZ u;h ckr ugha gSA bl ns’k esa rks /keZ dks fdlh ,d tkfr] o.kZ ;k laçnk; ls lhfer djds ns[kk gh ugha x;k A bl ns'k dh eq[; /kkfeZd /kkjk dk çfrfuf/k xzaFk gS

êuqLe`fr^ vkSj mldh laKk gS êkuo /keZ lkj^ A fgUnw /keZ lkj ugha A osnO;kl lnSo êuq";^ dks lacksf/kr djrs gSa A ckS)] tSu] flD[k laçnk;ksa esa Hkh ;g vkifÙktud ;k vtuch rF; ugha gS A ;g lc rks bl ns'k dh yksdk;r laL—

fr vkSj lkfgR; esa igys ls gh fo|eku gS A 'kCn Hkys gh u;k gks] rF; u;k ugha gS A^^⁹

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fdUrq ^/keZfujis{krk^ dh vkM+ esa iwjs /keZ dks vLohdkj djus dk Hkze QSyk;k tk jgk gS A blls Hkh vkxs c<+dj ^/keZ^ ls tqM+s Hkkjrh; laL—fr] Hkk"kk] dyk ds lkjs vonkuksa dks gs; vkSj fØfeuy ?kksf"kr fd;k tk jgk gS A dqcsjukFk jk; ds vuqlkj & ^^;gh xyr vkSj vlR; gSA bl ns'k esa /keZ lnk vU;= dh rqyuk esa lkEçnkf;d dêjrk ls eqä jgk gS vkSj ;gk¡ /keZ dk fodkl iSxEcj vkSj ppZ ds ek/;e ls u gksdj lkaL—frd fodkl vkSj tkrh;

bfrgkl ds Hkhrj yksd ekul dh vUr% çsj.kk }kjk gksrk jgk gS A--- vr% LokHkkfod gS fd ,slk /keZ Hkk"kk&'kCnkoyh&dyk&çrhdksa vkSj Hkko&çrhdksa rFkk lkaL—frd fØ;kdykiksa ls vksr&çksr gksrk pys vkSj bu lcds lkFk /keZ dk xHkZuky laca/k gks A

,slh fLFkfr esa /keZ dks vLohdkj djus dk vFkZ gksrk gS] bl ns'k dh iwjh Hkkf"kd] lkaL—frd vkSj yksdkJ;h ijaijk dks vLohdkj djuk vkSj Hkkjro"kZ dks vÝhdh ns'kksa dh rjg ,d lkQ fpduh LysV ;k dksjk iUuk ekudj pyuk A ---^^¹⁰^^ftl çdkj ^/keZ^ dk lkoZHkkSe rRo ,d gh gksus ij Hkh og {ks=h; bfrgkl] Hkwxksy dh vk—fr & ç—

fr vkSj ijaijkxr ,sfrá ds vuqlkj fHkUu&fHkUu ns'kksa esa fHkUu&fHkUu vk—fr ysrk x;k gS mlh çdkj ;g

^/keZfujsi{krk^ Hkh ,d lkoZHkkSe rRo gksrs gq, çR;sd ns'k esa ,d fHkUu vk—fr ysxh A - - - - /keZfujis{k lekt Hkh ;fn lpeqp vk gh tk; rks og lekt Hkh xgus fu'p; gh laL—frfoghu] dykfoghu] yksd&lkfgR;foghu] yksd&laxhr vkSj yksdf'kYifoghu] deZdk.M rFkk Hkk"kkfoghu lekt rks ugha gksxk A

yk[k oSKkfud ç;Ru gks] iqjksfgr vkSj bZ'oj dks [knsM+ nsus ds ckn Hkh] Hkk"kk] fcEc] çrhd] 'kCn]

laxhr&ijaijk vkSj mRlo&ioZ vkfn ls Hkkoh euq"; dks oafpr ugha fd;k tk ldrk A dksbZ Hkh lH;rk 'kq"d rdZ cqf) ds cht xf.kr ds e/; lkal ugha ys ldrh A mls pkfg, Hkk"kk] Hkko] fcEc çrhd rky&lqj vkSj y; A vkf[kj ;s lc vk,axs dgk¡ ls \ mlh iqjkuh laL—fr ls ftlds ewy esa] 'kk[kkvksa esa iÙks&iÙks dh ulksa esa /keZ dk jl çokfgr gS A ;s lkjh ckrs /keZfujis{krk dh Hkh ,d ns'kh vk—fr fodflr djus dks ck/; djsxh A ;fn ,slk ugha gksxk rks lewg eu ds lkFk /keZfujsi{krk dk dksæ laokn gh ugha laiUu gksxk A--- /keZ rks 'kk'or gS A og rks jgsxk ghA ?kksj /keZ&fujis{krk ds eeZ esa Hkh og ^lkaL—frd cks/k^ cudj loZnk thfor jgsxk A

ijUrq bl lw{e ckr dks LokFkkZU/k Hkkjrh; jktuhfrK vkSj erkU/k vk/kqfud cqf)thoh le>dj Hkh ugha le>us dk <ksax djrs gSa] ;k ugha le>uk pkgrs gSa A os lsD;wyfjTe dks u;k ^Qkflt~e^ cukdj gh ne ysaxs A^^¹¹ dqN vk/kqfud cqf)thoh ^/keZfujis{krk^ dks xyr vFkZ ysdj /keZ dk cfg"dkj djuk pkgrs gS rks dqN ^/keZ^ dks ,d u;k :i nsdj mls viukuk pkgrs gSa A dqcjsukFk jk; us bl lanHkZ esa fy[kk gS & ^^tks yksx fgUnw /keZ ds orZeku :i ls fp<+s gSa vkSj lkFk gh brus vf/kd jktuhfr xzLr ugha gS fd /keZ dks gh lEiw.kZr% vf/kdkj nsa] ,sls yksx euq"; dh vkfRed vko';drk dks Lohdkj djrs gq, ,d e/;e ekxZ dh dYiuk djrs gSa ftlls l‚i Hkh ej tk; vkSj ykBh Hkh uk VwVs A vkSj bl e/;e ekxZ dk uke gS lkoZHkkSe ekuo /keZ A u fgUnw] u eqlyeku] u bZlkbZ] u flD[k] u ckS) cfYd leLr ekuo tkfr }kjk Loh—r A^^¹²

dqcsjukFk jk; us lkoZHkkSe ekuo /keZ dh dYiuk dks Hkkjrh; lanHkZ esa O;FkZ ekuk gS A dqcsjukFk jk; dk ekuuk gS fd] ^lkoZHkkSe ekuo /keZ^ ds çewY; ^fgUnw /keZ^ esa igys ls fo|eku gSA dqcsjukFk jk; ds vuqlkj & ^^ftl ekuo&/keZ dh vk/kqfud cqf)thoh çLrkouk j[k jgs gSa og ys nsdj dqN ugha] lukru /keZ gh gS A ;g lukru /keZ Li"V :i ls dqN ewY;ksa dh lewgokpd laKk gS ftls fgUnqvksa ds çfrfuf/k xzaFk ¼çLFkku & prq"V;h dk pje xzaFk½ Jhen~Hkkxor esa fn;k x;k gS A ¼Lda/k 9@v- 11½ blds vuqlkj /keZ ds rhl y{k.k ¼çewY;½ gSa A os gSa & lR;] n;k]

ri] 'kqfprk] frfr{kk] 'ke] ne] vfgalk] czãp;Z] R;kx] Lok/;k;] vktZo] larks"k] le–f"V] lsokHkko] xzkE; ¼v'yhy½ bPNkvksa dk 'kuS%'kuS% ifjR;kx] euq"; thou esa nqfnZu vkrk gh gS ,slk lkspdj ,d /khjrk dh miyfC/k] ekSu]

vkRefparu] ;FkklkeF;Z vius vtZu ¼vUu½ dk vU; çkf.k;ksa esa foHkktu] mu çkf.k;ksa esa vkRek vkSj nsork dk cks/k]

çHkqyhyk dk Jo.k] dhrZu] Lej.k] iwtu] nkL;] fou;] la[; vkSj vkReleiZ.k A

vafre ukS xq.k uoFkk Hkfä ds vUrxZr vkrs gSa A ¼lsok½ nks ckj blfy, vk;k gS fd] çFke ^lsok^ dk vFkZ çk.kh&txr~ dh lsok vkSj nwljh ckj ^lsok^ 'kCn dk vFkZ gS çHkq&Hkfä A vafre ukS xq.kksa dk vFkZ ^Hkfä^ ds vUnj lesV ldrs gSa A ijUrq 'ks"k bDdhl rks O;fäxr vkSj lkewfgd thou ds ekufld vksj fu:trk ds fy, vko';d gSa A ;s bDdhl y{k.k rks euq"; bZ'ojoknh gks ;k u gks] lcds fy, gSa A^^ dqcsjukFk jk; dk ekuuk gS ;s çewY; gh ekuo&/keZ ds çewY; gksaxs A buls fHkUu gksus dh dYiuk gh ugha dh tk ldrh A blh lwph esa ;qxkuq:i nks ,d çewY; Hkys gh tksM+ fn;s tk, A ;g lukru /keZ vkSj ;s çewY; ek= fgUnw ds fy, çLrkfor ugha fd;s x;s gSa A vr%

Hkkjrh; /keZ esa ,d u;s lkoZHkkSe /keZ dh çLrkouk fujFkZd gS A

dqcsjukFk jk; us lekt ds fy, ^/keZ* dks vko’;d ekuk gS euksoSKkfud vk/kkj ijA og /keZ dks jk"Vªfgr esa ns[krs gSa rFkk /keZ dk ogh Lo:i Lohdkj djrs gSa ftldk laca/k jk"Vªh;rk ls gSA fgUnw /keZ dk lcy i{k j[kus okys dqcsjukFk jk; mu vk/kqfud fpardksa dh iafDr ls vyx [kM+s fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa tks fgUnw vkSj fgUnqRo dh ckr djuk vijk/k ekurs gSa] ftUgsa vius /keZ vkSj laL—fr esa Nsn gh Nsn fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa vkSj blfy, os mldh mis{kk djuk viuk xkSjo le>rs gSaA

1. fiz;kuhyd.Bh] dqcsjukFk jk;] i`- 44&45

2. fiz;kuhyd.Bh] dqcsjukFk jk;] i`- 121

(4)

4

4. fiz;kuhyd.Bh] dqcsjukFk jk;] i`- 124

7. ejky & dqcsjukFk jk;] i`- 121

11. ejky & dqcsjukFk jk;] i`- 125&126