Evaluate current and projected Department of the Navy programs designed to address threats. Guidance from the Deputy Commandant for Air Force and Office of the Chief of Naval Operations (N865) on Naval Theater Missile Defense Operational Requirements and Programs; USA
ASCMD,
CRUISE AND BALLISTIC MISSILE THREATS
Today, there are a large number and variety of cruise and ballistic missiles in the operational inventories of many potential future adversaries of the United States. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND 15 As can be seen from the information presented to the Committee, there are many reasons to expect that more sophisticated versions of these ballistic missiles will be proliferated in the near future (5 to 20 years).
EXISTING THEATER MISSILE DEFENSE CAPABILITIES .1 Antiship Cruise Missile Defense Issues
- Overland Cruise Missile Defense Issues
- Navy Area Defense and Navy Theater Wide Issues
- Concepts of Operations in Combined Offensive-Defensive Environments
- Battle Management Command, Control, and Communications (BMC3) Issues
Sustained Operations Ashore” (Krulak, General C.C., USMC, 1998, “The Marine Air Ground Task Force and Sustained Operations Ashore,” US Marine Corps, Washington, D.C., June 10, available online at
TACTICAL MISSILE PROLIFERATION
CRUISE MISSILE THREATS
Furthermore, it may take less damage to defeat a cruise missile than to defeat a ballistic missile. On the other hand, the fidelity with which modern decoys or repeaters can replicate the signature of the target of a cruise missile is impressive.
THEATER BALLISTIC MISSILE THREATS .1 Characteristics of Theater Ballistic Missiles
- Current Theater Ballistic Missile Threats
- Postulated Future Theater Ballistic Missile Threats
This chapter assesses the current and projected capabilities of the Ministry of the Navy in the field of anti-missile defense and the status of the technologies involved. Such concepts are also necessary to adequately assess the adequacy of missile defense programs in the area of operation.
OVERVIEW OF THEATER MISSILE DEFENSE CAPABILITY As discussed briefly in Chapter 1, the Department of the Navy’s mission,
- Antiship Cruise Missile Defense
- Overland Cruise Missile Defense
- Theater Ballistic Missile Defense
However, the Department of the Navy has not yet come to grips with the rapidly approaching need for overland cruise missile defense. The Committee is confident that the Navy has the framework for defense against cruise missiles in its hands.
SUBSYSTEM TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT
- Sensors
- Shipboard TBMD Sensors
- National Sensors
- Sensors for Overland Cruise Missile Defense
- Sensors for Antiship Cruise Missile Defense
- Sensors for Air-to-Air Combat
- Electronic Warfare
- Weapons
- TBMD Weapons
- OCMD Weapons
- ASCMD Weapons
ASSESSMENT OF THE CURRENT STATE OF TECHNOLOGIES FOR TMD 47 formation is not a function of frequency. In terminal defense operation, front footprint distance is a measure of coverage (ie, the distance the point of impact is in front of the point of defense). The interceptor needs sufficient burn velocity (Vbo) to reach the impact point on the RV trajectory in the time available.
ASSESSMENT OF THE CURRENT STATE OF TECHNOLOGIES FOR TMD 71 non-imaging IR seekers can obtain it.
BATTLE MANAGEMENT COMMAND, CONTROL, AND COMMUNICATIONS
- Introduction
- Operational Considerations .1 Need for Flexibility
- Sample Scenarios
- The Importance of BMC3
- BMC3 System Architecture
- Link 16
- Current Capabilities
- Planned Improvements
- Single Integrated Air Picture
- Cooperative Engagement Capability .1 Planned Capability
- Possible Extensions
- Area Air Defense Commander Module
- BMC3 Summary
ASSESSMENT OF THE CURRENT STATE OF TECHNOLOGIES FOR TMD 77 sets up the necessary network configuration. Of the three TADILs shown in Figure 3.9, Link 16 is the primary one in fleet plans. The heart of the CEC system is the Cooperative Engagement Processor (CEP) and the Data Distribution System (DDS).
Correspondingly, there also seems to be a need for further development of the operational concepts for joint ballistic missile defense.
NAVAL MISSILE DEFENSE R&D PROGRAMS
- Department of the Navy Cruise Missile Defense Sensor Research and Development
- Department of the Navy Cruise Missile Defense Weapon R&D Although a full-scale acquisition program apparently does not exist, it is
- Department of the Navy BMC3 Research and Development .1 Background
- Department of the Navy BMC3 Technology Programs Theater Ballistic Missile Defense
The committee believes that the ONR missile defense FNC should focus on the development of new techniques that make semi-active guidance from the surface obsolete. Thus, the development of special purpose data processors for missile defense BMC3 is generally not necessary. The Department of Navy's cruise missile defense efforts fall under the FNC missile defense and FNC platform protection programs.
They provided the basis and led directly to the continued development of the BMC3 national missile defense (NMD) system.
ARMY MISSILE DEFENSE R&D PROGRAMS .1 Theater High Altitude Area Defense System
- Patriot PAC-3
- Joint Land Attack Cruise Missile Defense Elevated and Netted Sensors
No two of the failures were of the same cause, and none of them were related to the system's high-tech features. THAAD GBR, formerly an independent radar development project, has become an integral part of the THAAD program and provides surveillance and fire control support to the system. The main factor leading to the selection of the active RF guidance mode was its proven kill-to-kill lethality in an endo-atmo-.
The engagement sequence for the PAC-3 is (1) inertial excursion of the missile after initial detection and tracking by the radar to a nominal intercept point in space, (2) acquisition of the on-board seeker, (3) mid-range target acquisition using rapid reaction attitude control thrusters, and ( 4) endgame targeting to achieve hit-to-kill of the target.
AIR FORCE MISSILE DEFENSE R&D PROGRAMS
A BMC3 segment to provide surveillance, communications, planning and central command and control of the ABL weapon system. If the development of the ABL is successful, it will be a great asset to a theater commander. If the system performs as the Air Force projects—that is, as part of a layered theater missile defense architecture that works together with multiple land- and sea-based systems—the ABL should provide a flexible, rapidly deployable response for expeditionary operations.
Therefore, any countermeasure that increases the dwell time required to laser target destruction directly reduces system performance.
BMDO MISSILE DEFENSE R&D PROGRAMS
- Overview of Theater Ballistic Missile Defense Technology Issues Technology programs for ballistic missile and cruise missile defense take
- BMDO Missile Defense R&D Programs for Acquisition and Seeker Sensors
- Acquisition Sensor Technology Needs and Issues
- Seeker Sensors
- BMDO Missile Defense R&D Programs for Weapons .1 Interceptor Technology Issues and Needs
- Interceptor Technology Programs
- Technology Priorities
- BMDO and DARPA BMC3 Efforts
Some BMD radars (e.g. GBR in the THAAD program) address this optimization by viewing the radar as an adaptive measurement system, not just a "radar". The waveforms and radar modes used at any given time are adaptive responses to the results of the previous measurements. The better this can be achieved (i.e. the smaller the basket), the better the capabilities of the seeker sensors can be used to acquire the target as quickly as possible. Most of these efforts have focused primarily on agent-based systems (for example, the Agent-Based Systems Control Program (COABS) in DARPA's Information Systems Office (ISO) and the Autonomous Negotiation Teams (ANTS) program in DARPA's Information Technology Office (ITO). )).
Other efforts at DARPA's ITO involve using distributed networks of sensors (for example, the Sensor Information Technology Program (SENSIT)) and assembling many independent vehicles into a single coherent sensor or effector.
INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS .1 United States-Japan Cooperative Program
- United States-Israel
During the summer of 2000, Israel abandoned its occupied territory in southern Lebanon, allowing Hezbollah to launch attacks much closer to the Israeli border. The envisioned mobile system would be carried on a pair of heavy trucks (one truck would have the laser, another would have the rocket tracking radar, and others would carry the fuel chemicals). The design goal would be to produce a system light enough to be transported by a C-130 cargo plane.
The committee believes that the Department of the Navy should certainly continue to monitor the progress of the US-Israeli THEL and consider it for possible application in a maritime environment.
CONCLUSIONS
However, NTW Block IA and B will not be able to provide simultaneous TBMD and ASCMD/OCMD. Although NTW Blok IC will integrate TBMD with other Aegis capabilities, NAD and NTW Blok IC will not provide a robust capability to deny ballistic missiles with sophisticated penetration aids. Although both the NAD and NTW systems are based on the concept of spiral development (build-improve-build-improve . .), the R&D to support such a development concept is not in place.
The Joint Forces Command has overall responsibility for developing theater missile defense CONOPS.
RECOMMENDATIONS
- Prioritization of Cruise and Ballistic Missile Defense Programs Antiship cruise missile defense, overland cruise missile defense, and ballis-
- Stove-Piped Theater Missile Defense Systems
- Limitations Related to the Concept of Operations for the Conduct of OCMD and TBMD in the Course of Expeditionary Warfare Operations
- ASCMD, OCMD, and TBMD Deficiencies and the Programs to Correct Them
- Current and Projected Marine Corps OCMD Capabilities Marine Corps plans for OMFTS and STOM depend on shipboard basing of
- Battle Management Command, Control, and Communications (BMC3)
- Technology Investment
Thus, the sensor development required to provide OCMD capabilities will also contribute to improving the Navy's ASCMD capabilities. In its assessment of the Navy's existing and planned ballistic missile defense capabilities, the committee would emphasize the NAD system over the NTW. Recommendation: The Secretary of the Navy, the CNO, and the CMC should support the development of a competent cruise missile defense against anti-ship and land-based cruise missiles.
The mature technologies from the program are to be incorporated into future spirals of the NAD and NTW ballistic missile defense systems.
JTIDS CHARACTERISTICS
Waveform
Certain portions of the spectrum are also used for identification, friend or foe (IFF), tactical air and navigation (TACAN), distance measuring equipment (DME) and Mode S, which excludes two subbands and imposes certain restrictions on exactly how JTIDS can be used in non- combat situations are used. Navy Tactical Data Links,” briefing to the Tactical Network Panel of the Committee on Network-Centric Naval Forces on 17 February 1999, Command and Control Systems Directorate, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations (N62G), Washington, D.C., and ( 2) U.S. In other words, it is a group of terminals whose time slots are defined in such a way that when one member of a net transmits, every other member of the net receives.
Since JTIDS is a frequency hopping radio, each net is made mutually exclusive by assigning a unique frequency hopping pattern for broadcasts.
Other Technical Characteristics
Obviously this requires careful planning to ensure that indeed all other members are receiving at that time, that only one radio is allocated a time slot to transmit at a given time, and so on. The Committee believes that this access scheme has not yet been implemented in practice, but - as will be seen below - is one of the projects of PMW 159.
JTIDS Data Rates
ASSESSMENT OF PMW 159’S PLANNED IMPROVEMENTS TO LINK 16
- Dynamic Network Management System for Link 16
- Enhanced Throughput
- Optimized Relative Navigation
- Joint Range Extension, S-TADIL J
- Link 16/Joint Variable Message Format ACTD
Dynamic Network Management System Incremental increase in flexibility of (DNMS) for Link 16 Link 16 networks, possibly in combination with. Optimized Relative Navigation More accurate relative position and time information for Link 16 platforms Joint Range Expansion, S-TADIL J Improved ability to transmit J-series. Joint Range Extension combines S-Tadil J two different programs, both of which aim to add the ability to transmit J-series messages over non-Link-16 communication channels.
This Advanced Concept Technology Demonstration (ACTD) will demonstrate that J-Series messages transmitted over Link 16 can be translated into message formats used on the Army's digitized battlefield.
SYSTEMS ENGINEERING FOR BMC3 .1 Introduction
- The Importance of Architecture
- Internet Technology
- The Transition Path
- Continue to Evolve Legacy Systems Incrementally
- Maintain Parallel Paths Until the Transition Is Complete This approach means pursuing a dual path for some time. By requiring that
This leads to the conclusion that the Navy must plan for the system to be tampered with. It is suggested that the Navy use Internet technology—the protocols, standards, and commercial support products embodied in the Internet—as the basis for its BMC3. The Navy can invest in unique military requirements that will not be met by commercial technology.
This approach will allow the Navy to significantly shorten the life of existing systems and avoid the predictably high cost of ownership.
WIRELESS CONNECTIVITY
- Current and Near-future Commercial Trends
- Quality of Service
- Wireless Bandwidth
- Flexibility
- Military-specific Characteristics
It's safe to say that there is tremendous commercial interest in wireless Internet services, and that the Navy will have a hard time matching the investments currently being made in the commercial field. Whether these commercial advances in wireless Internet technology are relevant to the Navy and its tactical systems is discussed below. The really good news, though, is that two of the toughest problems—QOS and bandwidth—have been tackled with great vigor in the commercial world, and Navy tactical communications can benefit.
Of course, it may well be that none of the new technologies listed above are exactly suited to the Navy's BMC3 wireless connection.
PHALANX CLOSE-IN WEAPON SYSTEM (CIWS)
SEA SPARROW MISSILE SYSTEM (RIM-7)
ROLLING AIRFRAME MISSILE (RAM) MK-31 GUIDED MISSILE SYSTEM
Previously, he was director of the Software Engineering Institute and served as vice president of business development at Rational Software. He is a fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). Ivanetich is the Director of the Computer and Software Engineering Department at the Institute for Defense Analyzes (IDA).
Kalbaugh is head of the Power Projection Systems Division at Johns Hopkins University/Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL), where he is also.
Kalbaugh is head of the Power Projection Systems Department at the Johns Hopkins University/Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL), where he is
Stenbit, a member of NAE, has an extensive background in missile and space systems, communications. He is a fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. Wegman is a professor and director of the Center for Computational Statistics at George Mason University (GMU).
He has served on numerous government and scientific advisory boards and is currently a member of the NRC Committee on Survival and Mortality Analysis.
