I have mostly avoided comparisons with the manatee, because its anatomy is similar to that of the dugong. I have included this muscle in the illustration of the larynx from the National Museum specimen (Figure 26) to show its position. In the manatee, however, the fibers arise from the surface of the underlying longissimus and semispinalis capitis, judging from Murie's account.
It becomes distinguishable from the longissimus only just before the base of the quills and extends to the end of the tail. Slijper (1946:74) adds that (in Trichechus, but apparently not Dugong) this muscle is also separated from the "intertransversarius caudae dorsalis" (my intertransversarius coccygeus), seemingly ruling out the identity of the latter with his "ilio-costalis lumborum". ,". Flexor pollicis longus is not present, which is to be expected due to the reduction of the pollex.
These are located in layers on the side of the rostrum: the most superficial (levator nasolabialis) is anteroventral in the direction of the fibers; middle (maxillonasolabialis), horizontal; and the deepest (lateralis nasi), anterodorsal. The mental appears to help draw food into the mouth by raising the side of the lower lip (also armed with bristles). However, Hartman mentions a slight passive tail lag after his base thrusts.
The large epaxial and hypaxial locomotor muscles are supplemented in the dugong by an unusual development of some of the subcutaneous muscles (cutaneous trunci). It is noteworthy that in the manatee the caudal extension of the skin is much less developed. The extensive use of the webbed feet is reflected in the relatively high myoglobin content of the pectoral and forelimb muscles (Blessing, 1972).
A more medial insertion of the supraspinatus appears to rotate the palmar side of the manatee forelimb. A functional anatomist without the guidance of a naturalist is just building castles in the air.
Crt Crp
FIGURES 32-34.—Ventral view of left neck and chest region: 32, superficial layer; 33, deeper layer than figure 32 (note fibers of sphincter colli superficialis arising from sphincter colli profundus pars auris, and part of external rectus sheath folded back to expose rectus abdominis); 34, deeper layer than Figure 33. Extensor digiti quinti tendon retracted to show its proximal insertion; cut edge of antebrachial fascia (of) removed. Note: In the figures the limb is shown in the position it had assumed in the fixed specimen; whether it may have been so strongly bent in the living animal is not certain.). The latter is triangular in cross-section, with the apex of the triangle forming the ridge shown as a longitudinal line aligned with the cut edge of an aponeurosis (ap); this marks the ventral extent of the inter- transversarius, which arises from the aponeurosis on the surface of the sacrococcygeus ventralis lateralis.
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