ONE, TWO, AND THREE DIMENSIONAL SHAPES
1.1 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
The students are able describe one, two and three-dimensional shapes in written and oral forms correctly.
1.2 ONE-DIMENSIONAL SHAPES
Look at these:
.
a point a straight line a curved line an angle
parallel lines
a vertical line a horizontal line a diagonal line
1 Now read this and answer the questions:
The letter ‘E’ has one vertical line and three horizontal lines. It also has four angles.
Which of these letters are described below?
D, M, C, H, F, L, Z, B
a) A letter with 2 horizontal lines and 1 vertical line.
b) A letter with 1 curved line and no straight lines.
c) A letter with 2 curved lines and 1 vertical line.
d) A letter with 2 parallel vertical lines, 1 horizontal line and 4 angles.
e) A letter with 2 vertical lines and 2 diagonal lines.
2 Now write sentences describing these signs:
the equal sign the plus sign the minus sign
the multiplication sign the division sign
Π
Pi (3.14159)
1.3 TWO-DIMENSIONAL SHAPES
1
THE SHAPES
triangle diamond crescent star circle rectangle
pentagon hexagon octagon heptagon nonagon decagon
heart square
2 What shapes can you see in these pictures? Answer the questions.
a. How many cubes can you see?
b. Is the circle really circular?
c. Is the square really square?
3 Complete the table using words from the list.
Semi-Circle Sphere Triangular Oval
Cylindrical Square Rectangular Cube
4 Work with a partner. Ask answer questions about these things.
What shape is the car?
It’s spherical.
What shape is the watch?
It’s triangular.
1.4 THREE-DIMENSIONAL SHAPES
1 Look at these solids:
sphere hemisphere cube
rectangular prism cylinder cone
pyramid hexagonal prism
Now describe them:
Example: A cube has 6 surfaces. They are all flat and square.
2 Complete these:
Cylindrical = shaped like a _________
Cubic = shaped like a _________
Conical = shaped like a _________
Spherical = shaped like a _________
Now describe the shapes of these objects:
Example: A ball is spherical in shape.
a ball a test-tube a funnel a flask a salt crystal
3 We can also describe shape by adding –shaped to the word. Look at this example:
This tube is shaped like the letter ‘U’. it is U- shaped.
Now describe the shapes of the following:
a T-square aerials 4 These objects are also used to describe shapes:
an egg
a wedge a star
a disc a bell a kidney
Now describe the following objects:
Example: A potato is egg-shaped.
a potato
this piece of cheese
this flower
a bean a blood-cell a snowflake
5 What are these objects? Find a:
a. Traffic cone b. Clock c. Protractor d. Stamps e. Floppy disk f. CD
g. Can h. Dice
i. Ball bearing j. Traffic sign What shape are they?
6 Find something:
a. Circular b. Rectangular c. Cubic
d. Semi-circular e. Cylindrical f. Triangular g. Oval h. Conical i. Spherical
1.5 MATERIALS AND PROPERTIES
1 Mingle with your friends. Ask what things are made of.
You : What’s this made of?
Your teacher : It’s made of glass.
You : What are this made of?
Your teacher : They’re made of leather.
2 What are these things made of?
3 Work with a partner. Point at different pictures and test each other.
A What’s this made of?
B It’s made of plastic.
4 Which materials:
1 are metals?
2 come from trees?
3 come from animals?
4 are synthetic (man-made, not natural) ?
5 Find sixteen materials in the puzzle. Read across , down
↓,
and diagonally ↗↘.6 Read the information in the table and find out which material (1-10) is best for:
a. Water pipes
b. A knife for cutting a microscope lens
c. Connecting a socket to the electricity supply d. A bicycle frame
e. Television casing
NO. MATERIAL PROPERTIES USES
1 Aluminium Light, easy to shape Aircraft, window and door frames, cooking foil 2 Brass (copper and zinc) Doesn’t rust in contact
with air and water, strong Valves, taps
3 Cement Mixed with water it dries
to a hard material Pre-made building blocks, to hold bricks together
4 Copper Easily made into wire,
carries electricity well Electrical wire, tubing
5 Diamond Hardest natural material,
can cut glass and metal Industrial cutting and grinding 6 Glass Clear, hard, breaks easily Windows, bottles
7 Iron Hard Engineering
8 Mild steel (iron + 0.15- 0.3% carbon)
Hard, strong, quite easy to
shape Bridges, ships, cars
9 Optical fiber Carries light and coded messages
Lighting, cable TV, telecommunications
10 Plastic Light, strong, easy to
shape
Hard hats, telephones, boats, computer casing
7 Match the properties from the table (1-6) with their opposites (a-f). Use your dictionary to help you.
1 breaks easily a Heavy
2 clear b Tough
3 easy to shape c Opaque
4 hard d Rigid
5 light e Weak
6 strong f Soft
8 This is a puzzle. Read the descriptions. What are they?
Example It’s cylindrical.
It’s made of plastic.
It has ink inside.
It’s for writing letters. (It’s a pen) 1 It’s rectangular.
It’s made of paper.
It’s a kind of book.
It has words in alphabetical order.
2 It’s a rectangular box shape.
It uses high frequency electromagnetic waves.
It’s a kitchen appliance.
It’s for cooking food quickly.
3 It changes shape.
It’s wet.
You can drink it.
It’s made of oxygen and hydrogen.
4 It’s cylindrical.
It has two or more lenses.
It’s for seeing things a long way away.
Hubble is a famous example.
5 It’s circular.
It’s made of steel.
It has teeth.
It’s for passing power from one part of a machine to another.
6 It’s made of nerve tissue.
It’s soft and grey.
It controls how you think and move.
It’s in your head.
7 It has a hole (called a slot) for money.
It has an arm on the side.
It has pictures that spin round.
It gives you money if you’re lucky.
