eTable 4 Demographics and Epilepsy-Related Claims: Patients With Prior or Current Drug- Resistant Epilepsy
Variable Prior or Current Drug-
resistant Epilepsy?
Univariate Logistic Regression No
(N =176)
Yes (N =124)
Odds Ratio (95% CI) p value
Age, mean 47.3 (SD
18.0)
41.5 (SD 15.6)
0.98 (0.97-0.99) 0.005
Female Sex
(ref. male)
94 (53%) 58 (47%) 0.8 (0.5-1.2) 0.258Race
Non-Hispanic White 145 (82%) 100 (81%)
reference
-Non-Hispanic Black 18 (10%) 12 (10%) 1.0 (0.4-2.1) 0.594
Hispanic 8 (5%) 6 (5%) 1.1 (0.4-3.2) 0.880
Other 5 (3%) 6 (5%) 1.7 (0.5-5.9) 0.405
Epilepsy/Convulsion, primary diagnosis 143 (81%) 124 (100%) NA -
Drug-resistant Epilepsy, primary diagnosis 28 (16%) 103 (83%) 25.9 (14.0-48.2) <0.001 Drug-resistant Epilepsy, any diagnosis 34 (19%) 103 (83%) 20.5 (11.2-37.3) <0.001
Mean ASMs 2.5 (SD 1.0) 3.8 (SD 1.8) 2.1 (1.7-2.7) <0.001
Mean non-gabapentinoid ASMs* 1.1 (SD 0.94) 2.7 (SD 1.6) 3.4 (2.5-4.6) <0.001
>2 ASMs in prior 2 yrs 101 (57%) 111 (90%) 6.3 (3.3-12.1) <0.001
>2 non-gabapentinoid ASMs 50 (28%) 105 (85%) 13.9 (7.7-25.1) <0.001
>3 ASMs 64 (36%) 96 (77%) 6.0 (3.6-10.1) <0.001
>3 ASMs in prior 2 yrs 60 (34%) 103 (83%) 7.2 (4.2-12.4) <0.001
>3 non-gabapentinoid ASMs 13 (7%) 49 (40%) 8.2 (4.2-16.0) <0.001
Focal epilepsy diagnosis 62 (35%) 109 (88%)
reference
Generalized epilepsy diagnosis 18 (10%) 10 (8%) 0.3 (0.1-0.7) 0.007 Unknown type epilepsy diagnosis 96 (55%) 5 (4%) 0.03 (0.01-0.1) <0.001
Routine EEG in health system 79 (45%) 79 (64%) 2.2 (1.3-3.5) 0.001
Routine EEG or Long-term EEG in health system
120 (68%) 106 (85%) 2.8 (1.5-5.0) <0.001
Brain MRI in health system 102 (58%) 89 (72%) 1.9 (1.1-3.0) 0.015
Neurology Visit for Epilepsy/Convulsion,
primary diagnosis 88 (50%) 117 (94%) 16.7 (7.4-37.9) <0.001
Neurosurgery Visit for
Epilepsy/Convulsion, primary diagnosis 1 (1%) 18 (15%) 29.7 (3.9-225.5) 0.001 ER Visit/Admission for
Epilepsy/Convulsion, primary diagnosis 86 (49%) 80 (65%) 1.9 (1.2-3.1) 0.008
ER Visit/Admission after 3rd ASM for
Epilepsy/Convulsion, primary diagnosis 13 (7%) 47 (38%) 7.7 (3.9-15.0) <0.001 ER Visit/Admission in prior 1 year for
Epilepsy/Convulsion, primary diagnosis 44 (25%) 32 (26%) 1.0(0.6-1.8) 0.874
Epilepsy surgery workup 11 (6%) 27 (22%) 4.2 (2.0-8.8) <0.001
Epilepsy surgery completion 0 (0%) 25 (20%) NA -
Psychiatry ER Visit/Admission 15 (9%) 8 (6%) 0.7 (0.3-1.8) 0.508
Alcohol abuse diagnosis 20 (11%) 8 (6%) 0.5 (0.2-1.3) 0.155
Syncope diagnosis 38 (22%) 16 (13%) 0.5 (0.3-1.0) 0.056
Psychogenic/functional diagnosis 24 (14%) 4 (3%) 0.2 (0.1-0.6) 0.005
Brain tumor diagnosis 30 (17%) 14 (11%) 0.6 (0.3-1.2) 0.168
ASM = antiseizure medication, non-gabapentinoid = excludes gabapentin and pregabalin
