Made
in
United States ofAmericaReprinted from
FLORIDA SCIENTISTVol. 65, No.4, Fall, 2002
Copyright C by the Florida Academy of Sciences, Inc. 2002
DIATOMS OF THE INDIAN RIVER LAGOON , FLORIDA : AN ANNOTATED ACCOUNT
PA UL
E.
HARGR AV ESGraduateSchoo lof Oceanography,University of RhodeIsland NarragansettRI02882-1197, and DivisionofMarine Science,Harbor Branch Oceanograph ic Institute,Ft. Pierce. FL 34946
AnSTRACT: TheIndian River Lago on.Florida has been IOUled as themost diverse estuary in
NorthAmerica..1'1'1the biodiversity (I!"most biotais virtually IIl1knoll'lI.Diatoms areabundant mi- croalgae ill this estuary, illplanktonic, benthic, and epiphytic habitats. This aCCOlI/I(utilizespuh- lished recordssupplemented with personalobservations10providethefirstcomprehensi vesummary ofthediatomflora illthis uJII/sIIIII estuary system. Apartfrom110"1'1andcrypticspecies. 436 IIIxa arerecorded.ill129genera.ThemO.'1diverse benthirgenera lI'ere Ma st ogloia (36tax a}and Nitz- schia (14tuxu), Amongplanktonicgellerawere 31)IIIxaillCha eto cerovand 19taxain Thalassio- sira.Sixty-twogene ra "'C'rerepr esentedhy onespecies.
Key Wo rds: Indian River Lagoo n, diatom , microalgae, flora
T H E Indi an River Lagoon (IRL) is an elongate subtro pica l body of water, fo rmed within a barrier island co mp lex, and extending for approx imately one-third the length of Florida's east coast. Its exact length varies acco rding to the varying definitions of its geographic limit: the range is 193km to 250k m (l20mi- 155mi).
Most co mmo nly, the northern lim it is co nsidered to be the Ponce de Leo n Inlet at New S myrna Beach (29
004 .5' N, 80
05Y W), and the so uthern limit is the Jup iter Inlet in Palm Beach Count y (26
056.5' N, 80
004 .2' W). These inlets, plus the Se- bast ian, Ft. Pierce and St. Lucie inlets, prov ide the only continuo us exchange with the adjacent Atlantic Ocean. Th e major portions of the IRL are the Mosquit o La- goon, Banana River Lagoon , and the Indian River (including the St. Lucie River).
The temp erature and salinity struc ture thro ughout the length of the lagoon is highly variable on various time scales (e.g., Liu and co-workers, 1998; Niedoroda and co- workers, 1995; Smith, 1 987, 1993; Virn stein, 1990 ). Water temp eratures vary fro m 5-35C and salinities range from 0-38 ppt, The transit ional climati c zone coupled with high variabilit y in phys ical-che mica l charac teristics of the water masses that make up the lagoon allow for a diverse (yet poorly characterized) biota.
Th is region of Florida represent s a significa nt biogeograph ic transition zone for both plants and anima ls, marine and terrestrial (Myers and Ewe l, 1 990;
.'
225
226
FLORIDASCIENTIST[VOL. 65 Richards, 1995). Biota in the northern portion is more characteristic of the temper- ate zone (Carolinian province), while the biota of the southern portion have many feature s and constituents of the sub-tropical and tropical zone (Caribbean province).
Recent developmental pressure s have been great in the lRL (De Free se, 1995; Lar- son , 1995) and will likely continue so into the foreseeabl e futur e. In addition, the multiple stressors associated with con sequences of anthropogenically driven global change (rising sea level, warming, invasive species , etc.) may add to the adaptive demands on IRL biota in future (De Freese , 1991). The IRL has frequently been called the most diverse estuary in North America (e.g ., Hart , 1993; Adams, 1995;
Herman, 1998). While this may eventually prove to be true, at present it is a spe- cious appellation. Biodiversity is well known only for a very few groups of organ- isms, leaving most group s in states of partial or complete ignorance. The most recent summary of IRL biodiversity is found in Richard s (1995).
Primary productivity in the IRL is a joint function of the seagrasses, marsh plant s, and microalgae. Stud ies are sparse, but seagrass and marsh produ ctivity appears typical for warm temperate areas (Myers and Ewel, 1990; Dawes and co - workers, 1995). Sub stantial spatial and temporal variability in productivity is a feature of the IRL (Heffernan and Gibson, 1984 ). In one study, over 70% of the pr imary productivity was shown to be due to plankton ic microal gae (Jensen and Gibson , 1986), with a 5% contribution by benthi c microalgae. The diatom s of this lagoon system are presumably one of the main contributors to microalgal prim ary productivity, by virtue of their abundance and ubiquity, but comprehen sive pro - ductivity studies are lacking. Moreover, the contribution to primary produ ctivity by phototrophic and mixotrophic microflagellates (which are often abundant; pers.
obs.) is unknown. Plankton chlorophyll ranges exceed two orders of magnitud e through out the lagoon, « 0. 1 to > 20 ug/l: Youngbluth and co-w orkers, 1976;
Mahoney and Gib son, 1983b; and per s. ob s.) of which 40-70% may be diatom s, yet their diversity has been examined only sporad ically and incompl etel y over the last several decade s. This is surprising, given the local , regional, and nation al eco- nomi c importanc e and biological significance of the IRL. Several unpubli shed the- ses, some preliminary surveys , and studies restricted to single or a few genera constitute most of the available literature. There are also parts of the IRL, such as the Banana River and St Lucie River system, which have never been examined in any detail. Neverthel ess, the numb er of recorded diatom taxa from the IRL is sub- stantial. A se ries of seasona l samples collected in 1997-200 I, an extended sa m- plin g series in winter 200 0, and an ex tensive literature search resulted in a significant expansion of the diatom flora from the earlier list of Mahone y and Gib son (1983a).
METHODs- Samp/e collection-s-tn each season of 1998. 1999.and 2000. and winter/sprin g of 2001plankto nsampleswerecollected with a20~lmmeshnet in the IRL at Vera Beachand at the Se- bast ian and FtPierceinle ts;IRL sed imen tsurfacesam plesat Me mori alPark. Vera Beach.and at Ft Pierce inlet; and seagrass (Halodule and Syringodium). Rhizophora mangleand Spar/ina sam ples (forepiphytes) in the IRL at Oslo Rd.and Memorial Park. Vera Beach . During winter2000 .sim ilar plankton.sedi ment.andepiphytesam pleswere colle cted in thelRL atEau Gallic Cause way,51 Seba s- tianRiver,Seb astianInlet.Ve ra Beach at Mem orial Par k andOslo Rd., shipcha nne lat Harb or Branch OceanographicInstitute,Ft Pier ceInlet. StuartCausew ay,andSt Luc ieInle t.
No.420021 HARGRA VES- INDIANRIVER LAGOON DIATOMS 227
Sampk:I'}"{)('l's.\·illg-Aliquotsof preserved samples were washed free of salt with sequential cen- trifugation and dilution with deionized water. For light microscopy. samples were processed in two ways: duplicate sub-aliquots were evaporated on hot plates, then heated to oxidize all organic material, then mounted in a high refractive index mounting medium (Hyrax or Naphrax): other duplicate sub-ali- quots were boiled for I hr in :10%hydrogen peroxide. sequentially centrifuged and washed in deionized water, and mounted in Hyrax or Naphrax. For scanning and transmission electron microscopy, prepara- tinn was similar.exce pt sub-aliquots were mounted on copper boats (SEM) or Iormvar/carbon coated grids (TEM) and coated with Au/Pr or carbon (SEM only).
SamplelIl1l1l.rsis-For light microscopy. a Zeiss Photomicroscope-II or Nikon LKe with bright- field. phase contrast and uuerfcrcnce contrast were used: for electron microscopy, a Zeiss EM9S (TEi'd).and (for SEM) JEOL 1200EX or JSM6400 were used.
Litcmture-s-Ve» published papers give details on the IRL diatom flora. Several that were used in compiling this list are: Stephens and Gibson (1976. 1979): Tester and Steidinger (1979): Navarro (19X2): Mahoney and Gibson (19X:la): and Lu (19X7). There are pitfalls in accepting such published lists at face value. TIle skill levels in accurate identification vary among authors, particularly when availability of pertinent monographs is uncertain. Spelling and orthographic errors. and changes in tax- on limits and nomenclature all lead to disjuncts and inconsistencies in compiling accurate records.
Some of these published records cite species authorities.others do not. I have dealt with these prob- lems by accepting the identifications as stated. but making nomenclatural changes as necessary and in- cluding species authorities. deleting species only when egregious mistakes are suspected (e.g .. an Antarctic species recorded from the LRL in mid-summer). For common or abundant taxa.synonymous names arc included when the previously published name differs from the currently accepted name.
Strictly speaking the Tester and Steidinger (1979) paper includes diatom occurrences outside the IRL (about IOkm S of the Ft Pierce Inlet). but 1 have found nearly all their included species through tidal cycles at the Ft. Pierce inlet. so haveincluded their records.
Taxonmnic schenu'-Diatolll taxonomy is in a stare of controversy and ferment: opinions on grouping of species into genera. genera to families. etc. arc changingconstantly.In general this uncer- tainty and controversy is avoided by listing taxa alphabetically within defined orders without separation into families. and by briefly comparing the contrasting ordinal scheme as delimited in Round and co- workers (1990) vs. that of Hasle and Syvertsen (1997). This is not a whollysatisfactor y arrangement.
since an unjustitied relationship may be implied, but avoids making decisions that may prove untenable in future. Accordingly,the diatoms arc grouped in live orders.
RESULTs-Four hundred thirty-six diatom taxa in 129 genera are designated as present in the IRL. A number of species require explanatory notes, and these are ordered below, In the annotated list, presented as an appendix, the habitus and distribution are briefly indicated for each taxon as two letter codes, as gleaned from other global records.
Habitus:
B
=primarily benthic , including epipelic, epilithic. and epipsammic microha- bitats:
E
=primarily epiphytic on seaweeds and marine higher plants (or, for Proto- raphis and Pseudohimantidium, epizoic);
P
=primarily planktonic in dominant life form (resting spores may be benthic) Distribution:
T primarily a warm-water or tropical taxon;
C primarily a warm or cold temperate taxon:
228
FLORIDASCIENTIST
W
=w idespread or cos mo po litan in tem perate and tropi cal wa ters;
F
=prima rily co nfin ed to olig o ha line «5 ppt) or fres h wa ter.
IVOL. 65
DISC USSION-The rep ort ed presen ce of 436 diat om s from the IRL see ms re- markable , but in rea lity this number docs not represent the entire di ver sity.
Altho ug h a substanti al po rtion o f the planktoni c tax a has prob abl y been identified , m an y of the benth ic forms are almo s t certain ly und er re presen ted. In part this is a res u lt of in complete a nd sporadic sa m p ling . T he maj ority of pu blished wo rks on diatoms in the IRL have bee n based on sam p les collec te d at or near the H arb or Bra nc h Oceanographic Ins titute in Ft. P ierce (e.g ., Ma honey and G ibso n, 1983a ; Navarro, 1982). Like w ise. man y of the ad di tio na l new records recorded by me we re anci llary to o ther ex pe riments und ertaken in the sa me ge ne ra l area. T he re - su lt is tha t regions of the IR L with majo r hyd rog raph ic and ecolog ica l differen ce s fro m the ce ntra l IR L ha ve ye t to be exam ine d . Th e Mosq uito Lagoon , for exam - pl e, is clearly differ enti ated fro m adj acent are as on the ba sis of fish and inver te - brate biod iver sity (P ape rno and co -wor kers , 200 I ) and the microalgal co m mun ity sure ly has unique feat ures as we ll. Likewise. to the so uth, the St Lu c ie Ri ver, with its eutrop hica tion stress is likel y to harb or species a me nab le to nutri ent -ri ch areas that are not fo und farther north. Certai nly the ch lorophy ll level s her e (up to 120pg/l iter ; Doering 1996 ) indicate a s ubstantial mic ro alg al po pulation whose co nstituents are unk now n. Mo reo ve r, there are several nove l species fro m the plankt on not inclu de d in h is account, yet to be descr ibed forma lly. Close exam i- nat ion of d iatom co m m un ities elsewhere in Florida also has result ed in the dis- covery of new spec ies (Prasad and co-wo rkers, 1989; 2000): an expected re sult w he n the co m m uni ties arc exam ined in de pth .
Sev er al diatom taxa arc po tentially harmful to hum an s or marin e life. A ll the Pseudo-nitzschi a s pec ies rep ort ed from the IRL (P. dclica tissi ma, P. p seudodeli- catissima, P.
pungens,P. seriata) have been repo rted to pro duce do mo ic acid under so me ci rc umsta nces elsewhere ( Ha rg raves and Maranda, 2002) . Dom o ic aci d is a ne uro toxin, the ca use of amn esic she llfish po isoni ng (ASP), so far un- kno wn fro m the east co ast of Flo rida (for dorn oic aci d and Pseudo-nit zschi a re feren ces, see Bates, 2002 or NIE HS, 2002). Dorn o ic acid was resp on sible for human poisoni ng events on the A tlan tic coast of Ca nada and the north west coast of the U.S . At present it is unkn own whe ther IRL stra ins of these species produce dom oic aci d , but in most areas these species appear to be beni gn.
Some of these di atom s are kno wn to pro d uce exc reted metabolit es that inter- fere with no rm al functi onin g o r life cycle eve nts in marin e animals . Th ese include Coscinodiscus centra /is, Coscino discus wailcsii, Cera tau/ ina pelagica, and Clute- toceros debilis (Ha rg raves and Ma ra nda, 2002). Ot hers, suc h as the e pizoic dia- toms Pro toraph is at/WH im and Pseudo himantidiutu pacificum, mecha nically reduce the mo tili ty of thei r hosts , thus interfering with reprod uc tion and pe rha ps increasi ng thei r vul ne rabili ty to preda tors .
T here are likely invasive spec ies of diatoms in the IRL, altho ug h ins uffic ient
pr ior records ma ke an acc ura te assessme nt speculative. T he inten se rates of tran sit
No.42002 1
JlA RGRAVES- INDI A :"RJVERLAGOON [)IATO ~'IS229 by recreati on al and co m me rcia l boat s. wi th ball ast water d isc harge and fouling comm uni ties. as we ll as mig rator y wa terfow l, wi th res idu al attac hed biot a. provid e amp le vec to rs for the introd uct ion of nonindi gen ou s species . The ir eventua l sur- vival and s uccess is less ce rtai n. ho we ver. and depen ds on a number of interac ti ng pa rame ters (Ca rlto n and Gell er. 1993; Ca rlto n. 1 996). Coscinodiscus wailesii is s urely an invasive species in the IRL. hav ing appea red on the U.S, eas t coast in the late I970·s. M any ot he rs may be tcnned "cryptoge nic " : they may be recent introdu cti on s. bu t there is ins ufficie nt bac kgro und in fo rm at ion to
confirmthis at present. Exa mp les of cryptoge n ic species include
T/1lI111.l'siosiJ'(Jp r oschki nae, pre- vio us ly kn own from Europea n coasta l waters and recentl y di scovered in Narra- ga nse tt Bay , Rh od e Island (pers . obs.) , and M inidiscus comicus, a tiny spec ies that is appare ntly wides pread but m ostl y ove rloo ked because o f its size (2-5 11m).
The IRL faces increasing anthro pogen ic pressur e , on local, regi on al and g lob- al sca les , Recent managem ent initiatives hav e foc use d attentio n on more vi sually obv ious member s of the ecosys te m: manatees, fish , seag rasses , etc, T be xtresso rs for these biota are not always the same as stress ors for the m icr oalg ae , which form the base o f the food web . In orde r to evaluate the efficacy of m an agem ent plans for the entire ecosystem , biodiversit y at all trophic lev el s must be examined . The more d ifficult task fo r the future is se para ting local and regi on al anthropogen ic influen ces on b iod iver s ity, from th ose associated with broad er g loba l clim ate c hange .
ACKNOWI.EDGMEi'HS-Pol1ionsof this researchweresupportedhya visiting scientiststipend from the Smithsonian Institutio n.atthe Smithsonia nMarine Station in FtPierce. Or. Mar y Rice and .Julie Piraino were particularly helpful with log istics and EM support OIl SMS. Drs. Dennis Hanisak and Craig Youngmadefacilitiesavailable ar HBG!.KimPeytonassi sted in the collectionofsamples.This is Smithsonia n MarineStationcontribution number531.
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APPENDIX
Diatoms from the Ind ian River Lago on . See text for notes and abbreviations
COSCIN O DIS C A LES
As considered here. the characteristics defin ing this orde r are: val ve symme-
try primarily with no pol ariti es (i.e., oriented around a point rath er than a line) ,
and mostly with a marginal ring of variou s structural processes . In the taxonom ic
scheme proposed by Round, Crawford and Mann (1990) , the s pec ies included
232
FLORIDASCIENTIST [VOL.65here in the Coscin odiscales encompass four di fferent orders. In the scheme fol- lowed by Hasle and Syver tsen (1997), this orde r corresponds to their subo rder Coscinod iscineae.
ActiuorvcluslIonJWllii(Gregory)Hustedt ActinocyrlusoctonariusEhrenberg
Actinoryclusoct onu riusWI',crassus (W ,Smi th)Hendey Actino cyclus oct onarius WI',tcnell us(Brebisson)Hendey
Actin op tyrhussena riusEhrenbe rg Act inopt vchus splendens (Shadbolt)Ralfs Aulucodiscus argu s(Ehrenberg)A,Schmidt
Aulacose iruislundica(0,MOiler)Simonsen synony m:Melosiraislandira 0,Mulle r Corcthron hystrixCle ve
CosrinodiscusccntralisEhrenberg Cosclnodiscus granii Gou g h Coscinodlscusoculus-iridisEhrenberg Coscinodiscus perfora tusEhrenberg
CoscinodlscusrudiutusEhrenbergemend. Hasleet Sims Coscinodiscus wailesiiGranetAngst
CyclotellaI/lOII/llSHustcd t
Cvclotcllachu ctuwhatcheeanaPrasad Cyclo tcllamcucghiniuna Kinzing Cyclotcl lastelligera Cleve etGru now Cyrlotellustriata(Kutzing)Gru now ) Cvclotcllustylo rumBrightwell
Detonulapuntiln(Custracanc)Schiitt syno nym:Schroede rella deliratuluPavillard
Hyalodiscus scoticus(Kutzing)Grunow ilyulodiscus subtilisBailey
Lauderiu11111111111/ 11Cleve
synonym:Lauderia borealisGran
Leptocylindrus danicusCleve LeptocylindrusminimusGran
Melosiralineutu(Dillwyn)Agard h synonym :,14,jucrg ensiiAgardh Melosiramonilifo rmi s(0, Muller)Agardh Mel osiraIIWIIII/Ilioides(Dillw yn)Agardh Minidiscus com icus Takano
PalmeriahardmannianuGrcville Parul iasulca ta(Ehre nberg)Clev e Planktoniellasol(WaJlich)Schutt
Podosira hormoides (Montagne) Kutz ing Podosira1I1OII/ IIglleiKutzin g
Podosirastellig er(Ba iley) A,Man n
(P.W) (P.W) (P.C) (P.C) (B. W) (B.W) (B.W) (I'.F)
(P.W)
(P.W) (P.W) (P.W) (I'.W) (I'.W) (I'.C)
(P.C) (I'.W) (B.W) (B. F) (I'.W)(llo /e
1 1
(I'.T) (P.W)
(E.C) (E.C) (P. C)
<p,C) (I',C) (E. C)
(E.C) (E,C) (I'.W) (I'.T) (I'. W) (P,W)
(E.T) (E.T) (E.T) (llo /e21
No. 42002J HARGRAVES-INDIAN RIVER LAGOON DIATOMS 233
Skclctoncma costatum(Greville) Cleve
Skelctoncma mcnzelii Guillard, CarpenteretReimann Skclctonema tropicum Cleve
Stephunopyxis palmeriana(Greville) Grunow Stcphanopyxis turris(Greville et Arnott) Ralfs
Thulassiosiru aestivalisGran
Thalassiosira anguste-Iincatu (Schmidt) FryxelJ Thulussiosira hinatu Fryxell
Thulassiosira decipiens (Grunow) Jorgensen Thulussiosiru diporocyclus Hasle
Thalussiosira eccentrica(Ehrenberg)Cleve) synonym:Coscinodiscus cccentricus Ehrenberg Thalassiosira exiguaFryxellet Hasle
Thulassiosira gravid« Cleve Thalussiosiru hyalinu(Grunow)Gran Thulassiosira Iineut aJouse
Thalassiosira lundianuFryxell
Thalassiosiru minima Gaarder emend.Hasle synonym:T . jloriduna (Cooper) Hasle Thulassiosira minuscula Krasske
Thalussiosiru nunolineuto (Mann) Fryxell et Hasle Thulussiosira oestrupii (Ostenfeld) Proschkina-Lavrenko
var. venrickae Fryxell et Hasle Thalassiosiraproschkinae Makarova Thulassiosira rotula Meunier Thulussiosira subtilis (Ostenfeld) Gran
Thulassiosimweisstiogii(Grunow)Fryxell et Hasle synonym: T.jluviatiiis Hustedt
RHIZOSOLENIALES
(P. W) (P.C) (P.T) (P.C) (P.W)
(P. C) (P.W) (P. C) (B. W)II/o/e 31 (P.W) (P. W)
(P. W) (P. C) (P. C) (P. T)
<P.
C) (P.W)(P. C) (P. T)
(P. W) (P. W) (P. W) II/o/e4]
(P. C) (P. F)
As considered here. the characteristics defining this order are: valves symme- try organized around a point or annulus. primarily unipolar. and lacking a ring of various structural processes. In the taxonomic scheme proposed by Round and co- workers (1990). the species included here in the Rhizosoleniales encompass two different orders. In the scheme followed by Hasle and Syvertsen (1997), this order corresponds to their families Rhizosoleniaccae and Lithodesmiaceae.
Dactyliosolcn [rugilissimus (Bergen) Hasle synonym:Rhizosolcnia ji-ogilissima Bergon Guinardiu delicatula (Cleve) Hasle
synonym:Rhizosolenia delicatula Cleve Guinartliaflaccid»(Castracane) Peragallo Guinardiu stria/a (Stolterfoth) Hasle
synonym: Rhizosolcnia stoltcrfothii Pcragallo Litluulesmium intricututn(West) Peragallo Lithodesmium undulatumEhrenberg
Probosciua/ala(Brightwell) Sundstrom synonym:Rhizosolenia a/a/a Brightwell Probosciu indim (Peragallo) Hernandez-Becerril
(P.W)
(P. W)
(P. W) (P. W)
(P.C) (P. C) (P. W)
(P. T)
234 !'LORIDASCI ENTIST IvOL. 65
synonym: Rhizosolcniualatuforma indica(Pe raga llo ) Ostenfeld Pseud osolcnia calcar-a vis(Schultze) Sundstrom
Rhizosolcnia bcrg oniiPeragallo Rhizosol eniacustracunciPcragallo
RhizosoleniohcbcuitoBaileyforma sem isp ina(Hensen)Gran Rhizusoleniaimbricusu Brightwell
Rhizosoleniurobusto Nor ma n Rhizosoleniasrtigeru Brightwell Rhizosol cnia styl ifonnisBrightw ell
BIDDULPHIALES
(P.W) (P. T) (I'.T) (I'.C) (P.W)
(P. W)Ino/ l'
51
(P. W) (I'.C)
As considered here, the characteristics definin g this order are: valve s symme- try organized around a point or annulus, primarily bipolar (but sometimes multi- polar), and lacking a ring o f various structural processes. In the taxonomic scheme proposed by Round and co-workers (1990), the spec ies included here in the Biddulphiales en compass eight different orders. In the scheme followed by Hasle and Syv ert sen (1997), this order corresponds to the subor der Bidclulphii- neae.
Amp hi te tras antcdiluvianu Ehrenbe rg
synonym: Triccru tium antediluvianum (Ehrenbe rg)Gruno w
Auliscu s caelatusBailey I'ar. rhipis(A. Schmidt )PeragalJo All /i.I'CIIScaclutus I'ar. strigillutuA.Schm idt
Auliscus pruinosu sBailey Auliscus punctutusBa iley Auliscus radiants Bailey Auliscusre/icII/II/IISGrev ille Auliscu s sculptus (W. Smith) Ralfs
Bucteriustrum dclicatulumCleve Bactcriustvum liyalinumLaud er Bcllcrochcu horologirali svonStosch
Biddulphiu altrrnu ns(Bailey)Van Heurck Biddulphiubiddulphiunu(1.Sm ith)Boye r
syno nym :B. pulchcliaGray BiddulphiareticulataRoper Biddulphiatuomcvi(Ba iley) Rop er Ccrutaulinupelagil'l/(Cle ve) Hend el' Cerataulussmi thiiRalfs
C!1IIl' /OCl' I'OSaffinisLauder
Chart occros afiinis vur. willei(Gran )Husted!
Chact occroslIl IllS /()J IW Sl I11SGrunow Chaet occrosbrevisSchlitt CI1IIl' / IJI'l'I'OSdl/C /II,I'Gran CI1IIl' / o cl'l'O,I'coa rrtu t usLauder Chaetoccro s com prrssusLaude r Chuet occros const rirt usGran Chueto ccros curvisrtusCleve Chuctoce ros danicusCleve
(E.W)
(B. W)11/0/1'
(jl
(B. W) (8.W)11/0/1' 71 (B.W)[1/0/1'7]
(B . W) (B. W) (B. W) (P.W) (P . W) (I'.T) (E .W) 11/011' 81 (E. W)
(E.W) (E.T)
(P. W) (B .W) (I'.W) (I'.W) (I'.W) (I'. W)11/0/1' 91
(I'. W) (I'.T) (I'.W)
(I'.C) (P. W) (I'.W)
No.42002J IIARGRA VES- INDIANRIVERLAGOON DIATOMS 235
Chactoccros dcbilis Cleve Chaet ocerosdecipiensCleve
Clmctoceros diadcma(Ehrenberg) Gran Chacto ceros didvnurs Ehrenberg
ChactoccrosdMvII/IIs I"lIr. anglicus (Grunow)Gran ChactocerosdivcrsusCle ve
Chaetoceros cibenii Grunow emend.Meunier ChuetorerosgracilisSchutt
Chact occros laciniosus Schutt Chaet oceroslauderi Ral fs Charto crros torcnziunusGrunow
ChactocerosIOl"l'lI:il/lIl1,\'WI"..Iin"l"l'!'sMeunier Chuet occrosntcssnncns]» Castracane
Chucto cerosminimus(Levander) Marini.Giuffre.
Montressorel Zingone Chact orcros nutelleriLemmerman Chacto ceros ncogracilisVan Landingham Chaeto cerns pclagicusCleve
Chucto ccrosPl'/IIIIIIIISKarsten Chaetoccrosprruvianus Brightwell Chac tocc rosPI"OIII!>l'rtlI/SLauder CllIIe l OCl' l"OS psrudocurvisetus Mangin Chact oceros simple»:Ostenfeld Cltartocerossocialis Lauder Chacto ccrossubtilisCleve Chactoccrostcrrs Cleve Chuet oceros tort issn nusGran Chactoceros vistulu« Apstein Chact orc ros wightnni Brightwell Climucodium [roucnfrldianumGrunow
Cynuuosira bclgicuGrunow Cvnuuosiru lorcnzianu Grunow Ditylum brightwcllii(West )Grunow
Eucainpia1"01"1111111(Cleve) Grunow
EIICDJllpil/iodiacns Ehrenberg
Eunotogranunalacvis Grunow
Eunotogrnnunu marinuni (W. Smith) Peragullo EimotogrammarostruttunHustedr
Eupodiscus radiants Bailey
Hrlicothecu II/JIIl'sis(Shrubsolc )Ricard
l lcmioulushuuckiiGrunow IiemiaulusIIIl'JII!>I"OilllffIlSCle ve HemianlussinensisGrev ille
synon ym :If.heibcrgiiClev e lsthmia cnervisEhrenberg
Lutnpriscusshadholtianus(Greville )Pcragall o synonym:Triceratimnshadh oltianum Greville LitlunlesmiumIIl/dlll/I/11111Ehrenberg
(P. W) (P. W) II/oIl'llil (I'.C)
(P. W) (I'.W) (P. T) (I'.C)
(I'.W) II/oIl' III (P. C)
(P. W) (P.T)II/OIl' 101 (I'.W) (I'.T)
(P.F) (P.F)
(P.W)II/OIl' II. 121 (P. C)
(P. T) [1/011'131 (P. W) II/OIl' 131 (P. W) (P.T)
(P. W)II/OIl' III (P.C)
(P,F) (P.C) (P.W) (P.F) (I'.F) (P. T) (8.C) (B,W)
(P.W) (P.T) (P.W) (B, W) (B. W) (B .C)
(B. W)11/011'141 (P.W)
(I'.W) (I',T) (P, W)
(E,T) (E.T) II/Ole151
(I'.C)
236
['LORIDA SClENTIST IVOL. 65Minutoccllus polvmorphns(Hargraves ct Guillard) Husle.
v. Stosch et Syvertsen
Oilontcll« ourimAgardh
Odontcll« uurit« var. nrinusculuGrunow Odontella anrita ""r.Vhll/SII(Kiitzing)Hustcdt Odontella longicruris(Greville)Hoban Odontcl!« mobilicnsisGrunow Odontelluregill(Schultze) Hoban Odontclla rhombus(Ehrenberg) Kiitzing Oilontella sinensis(Grcvillc) Grunow Plcurosiru lucvis (Ehrenberg) Compere
Terl'siw)e "lIIericIII/II(Bailey) Ralfs Tcrpsino« ntusicu Ehrenberg
Tricrrutium antcdiluviannm(Ehrenberg) Grunow
Tricerut nnn balcaricumCleve[ornta hiquiulrata(Janisch) Hustcdr synonym: T. hiquudrutumJanisch
Tricerutium dubium Brightwell TricernriumfavusEhrenberg
Trircratiumfuvus var. quudrotu Grunow Trirrrarinm pcntucrinus(Ehrenberg) Wallich Trirrratium pcntacrinus forma quadrotuHustedt Trigol1iwH reticulum(Ehrenberg) Simonsen
FRAGILARIALES
(I'. W) (E. W) (E. W) (E. W) (I'. W) (I'. W) (I'. W) (P. W) (I'.W) (FT) (E. F) (E. F)
(B. C)11/0/1' 161 (B. C) 111011' In. 171
(B. C) (B. W) (B. W)
(13.W) II/Oil'In. 17. 18]
(B. W)
(E. W) II/oleIn. 19]
As considered here, the characteristics defining this order are: bilaterally sym- metrical valves, lacking a raphe on either valve. but often with a hyaline sternum (equivalent to the pseudoraphe or axial area of other texts). The areolae are ar- ranged more or less linear fashion in relation to the sternum. The species con- tained here encompass nine orders
inRound and co-workers (1990). This order is subsumed in Bacillariales in the scheme adopted by Hasle and Syvertsen (1997).
Ardissonca tulgens(Greville ) Grunow Ardissoncu pulchcrrima(Hantzsch) Grunow Ardissoncu robustu(Rail's) DeNotaris Astcrioncllopsis glarialis(Castracanc) Round Bleak eleva notatu(Grunow) Round
Cotacombus goillonii(Bory) Williams el Round Ctinuuosphcnia rlongata Bailey
Dclphincis surircllu(Ehrenberg) Andrews Drlphincis surircllavar. australis(Petit) Navarro
IJimeregral11l1111IIIill or(Gregory) Rail's
Dil/ll'regrallll/Ill minor vur. /IlII/II(Gregory) Van Hcurck Falculumedia Voigl
Fragilaria rapucinaDcsrnazicrcs I'llI'.nicsolep;« Rabcnhorst Fragiluri« vircsccn»Rail's var, mcsolept«Rabenhorst
(E. W) II/o/{'20. 2/1 (E. T)
(E. W) (I'.W) (I'. '1')
(E. W) II/VII'20J (E.T)
(B. W)
rn.
T)en.
W)(H. W) (E. W) [1/0/1'221 (I'.F)
(I'.F)
No, 4 20021 HARGRAV ES- IN DI A I'RfV ER LAGOOK DIATO MS 237
Glyphodesrniswilliumsonii(W. Sm ith) Grunow Grantm atophoragibbcru laKiitzing
GrtllIIlIIlIlOp /IIJrl I 1II111'i1l1l(Lyngbyc) Kutzing
Gram n uuo p hora1II111'i1l1lvar. trop ira(K iilz ing)Grunow Grum m ato phontorrunict!(Ehrenberg)Grunow
GI'lIIl/lIlI/l op/III1'lIoceanica var. macilcnta(W,Sm ith)Grunow GI'lI I1I11 I1/IOp !tOl'lIscrpentinu(Rail's)Ehrenberg
Hvalosyncdru/ll e rig aia(Grunow )Williamsef Round Ilya lostra interrupt o(Ehrenberg) Navarro
synonym:Striutelluint crruntu(Ehrenberg)Heiberg Liunophora abbreviatu Agurdh
Licmoph oraabbrcviara formagl' III IO\I'ii(Mcreschkowsky ) Husledl Licmophoraehrenhergii(K utzing)Grunow
Licmophorufl abellatu(Carmi chael)Agardh Linnophoru panuloxa(Lyngbyc)Agardh Licmo p hora rrmulusGrunow
Liohnnupocificun:(Cupp)Huslc Martvana murtvi(Heribuud)Round
synonym:Opep horanutrtyiHcribuud
Nano t rust ulumshiloi(Lee. Reimerct Mcfine ry) Round.
Halls tein sen et Paasch e Opeplioro marin a(Gregory) Peti t
01'<'1'11111'<1ofllla hi/i ,1'(Grunow)Subbcct Vyv crmun synonym:OpephoraolseniiMoll er
Opcpho ra pucijicu(Grunow) Petit Opephoroschwartzii(Grunow)Petit Plagiogram« intrrrnpnun (Gregory) Rail's
Plagi ogrammapII/c!t e//1I1IIGrcvillcval'.pygnuu:«(Grcv illc) Pera gallo
synonym: P!lIgiogl'/11I11/11/ p.rg llllll' lI/ l/Grevillc Plaglogranunu rhombicum Hustedt
Plug iog rammops is vanhe urckii(Grunow) Hasle,v.Stoxch etSyvertsen
Plag iogrannn ops is wullich ianutnGreville Podo cystis adriaticaKiitzing
Prot oruphisatlanticaGibson
Psammodiscusnitidus(Gregory) Round et Mann synonym:Coscinodis cus nitidusGregory Pseudohinrantidiumpll c i/i l'l/lll Hustedtet Krasske f'1l'J'OIlCO/li inane(Gi f fen) Round
synonym:Frugiluriuliyalinu(K utzing)Grunow Rhubdonemuadriati cuinKtuzing
RllllhdOJIl'1/1IIurcua tum (Ly ngbyc) Kiitzing
(B. T)
(E. C) (E.W) (E.T) (E.W) (E. W) (E.W) (E.T)111011' 231 (E.T)111011' 141
(E.W) (E.W) (E.C) (E.W) (E,W) (E. T) (P. C) (B.F)
(P.W)111011' 371 (B.W)
(B.W)111011' 151
(E.W) (B.C) (B.T)
(B.T) (B.C)
(B.W) (8.C)
(E.C) (E.P) (B,W)
(E.P)
(E.W)111011' 161
(E.W) (E.W)
238 Fl.ORIDASCI ENTIST IVOL. 6)
Rhaphoncis amphiccro» Ehrenberg
Rhaplumcisamphiccrosvur.gl'lI l11 l !tl'ra(Ehrenbe rg}Pcr ag all o Rhaphoncis cus trucanciGrunow
Rhuphoneis supcrbaGrunow
Striatcll«unipun ruuu(Lyngbyc)Agurdh
Tubuloriu[asriculiuu (A gard h) Willia m sclRo und syn nny m :SvnrdraIIIIJIIIII/ll(Agnrd h) KiiUiJlg
\'{II'.[asrirulatu(Agun fh) Husrcdt TIIIIII/IIl'ill purvu(Kiitzing )William s ct Round
synonym:S.tabulota \'(II'.parvu (Kiilzing )Huxrcd t Tubularia tabulatu(Ag;ordh)Snoeijs
synonym:Svncdro1111>11/11111(Agnrdh)KiitziJlg
71W/IISSioIU'IIW /i"ll/IC'IItl'/cli i (Grunow )Hall cgrad T Thalussionrura nitzsch ioidrs (Grunow )Mcrc schkowsky Tnvarium 1I"lI l1l'cI! 'IIn111J1 Grunow
Tra chvsphcn ia ucnm inu u tPeragnll o
BACILLAR IALES
(fl.W) (H.W) (B.T) (R.'1') (E.C) (F.. W)
(E.W) (E.W)
(P. W) (P.W)
(E.O l l/ /l t l' 271
(B. C)
As co ns idered here . the character istics de fini ng th is orde r are : bilatera lly sym- m et rical val ves, and the presence of a raph e on one or both va lves . In the taxo - nomi c sc he me proposed by Round and co-workers ( IYl)()) . the species incl uded here in the Baci llaria les e nco mpass ni ne d iffe rent order s. Th e order Bac illa ria les in the sense of Haslc and Sy ve rtsen
()997)wou ld incl ude the orde r Fragilariul cs as considered in this work.
Arhnantlu-sbrrvipcsAgardh
Acluuuulu-shl'e vip c'si'llI'.IIl/gIiS/II/(}(G rcvillc)Cle ve Achnu nt hrs brcviprs vur,pIII'I'lII11(Kjil t ing)Cleve Achnanthcscitronella (M a nn) Husted:
AclumnthrsclIl'ri m \11'/I11IBrun Achn antlu-skuwaitcnsis Hendel'
"/ellllll/IIII/'s10l/gip('.\Agardh Arhnanthcsmanifera Brun
Amphoraangustu Gregory
AmphoruClI/gIIS/ II \'(11'. vcntriroso (Gregory) Cleve
/1,,,1''' " 1'(/ arrnariuDunkin Amphoruhigihbu Gru now Amphora carolinianaGillen Amphora('ol/(/(:/ ;)/'/Il isAgardh Amphora cnstata W.Smith /lllll'lw r oc!l'('IISI'(I/ OGrunow Amphor«£'.d g l/ ClGregory
AlIIl'lIol'CImurinu(W.Smith)Van lleurck Amphora ob t usaGregory
Amphoraoccl la tuDunkin
..tmphor»ostrrariu Breh isson)var.lincuraCle ve
AIIII' /1I11'l1protroide»Husted:
AmphoraproteusGreg ory
(E.C) (E. Cl (E.C) (E.C) (E.C) (E.T) (E.W) (F..C')
(R.F) (B. F) (B, F) (B.T) (13 .Cl
lB.
W)III IIle281(B.W) (B. T) (11.W) (B.C) (B.C) (13.C) (B.C)
<8.
C').n.
C)No , 4 2002J IIMWIV\VI.:S- li' J)JAI\'!{]V ERLAGOO N DIATO MS 239
Aml'11II1'11 I'O!>II"/IIGregory AIIII'IIol'II"/,e c/(/hili,,Greg ory AIIII' IIo l'II tcrrorix Ehrenberg
syno nym:A,cvmhitcraGregory
AI/OIIIO/'o/w i.>' ,,/,IIIWI'ol'"ol'II(Klil/ ing) Ptitze rvar."('///1'/(/
(Ehre nbe rg) 0,jvlii lle r Anort honciscurysnnn«Cleve
AI/On lt' IIIl'i.I'e,\cellll'i('a(Do nkin)Gru now Anorth nnris hvalinaHustcdt
AUI'i('lIl 11romplcx«(Gregory)Cleve
Bacillari aI'axil/i/i-I'(0,Muller)Hendey ltcrkelcv« niiruns(Ly ngbyc)Gran
!f('l'k elerllrutilans(Trentcpohl)Gruno w ("IIIO/w is ctong ot«(Grunow )Boyer Caloneis(',\'('('II / I' i ('(/ (Gruno w)Boyer
Ctnnpvlodiscus dannclianusGruIH)W Carnpvlodis cusinnominatusRoss crAbd in ("al'" nogmll ll l/(/ cruriculu(Gru now)Ross Clin taco nci»10 1'('II:iiGrunow
CorconeisbritumicaNaege li ("fJcnmri.\COII 1'('X(/Giffen Coccnnois disculoidcs Hustcdt ('O(TOIWi"hct rro idr« l lanis ch Cnrconeis/,l'I/t /('iciaGrunow Cocconcis 1'11I('('III1c111Ehrenberg
Corcnnrisplarcntula1'//1'.('lIglY I' III (Eh ren berg ) Cleve CocroneispsrudomarginutuGregory
Cocconcisscutclhan Ehren berg
Cocconeisscutellum\'QI'.stauroneifon nisW.Sm ith Cocconeiswood ii Reyes-Vasquez
Cytindrothcraclostcrium(Ehrenberg)Reimann et Lewin (.)'I11II1'l/ apusilluGrunow
Delliicula.I'II!>/iii"Grunow Denticula thermalisKutzing
DiudesmisCOII I (' 1I1a(Grunow) Mann syn onym :NavicIIIII COIlIel1/aGru no w Dictyoneismarginatu (Lewis ) Cleve
DiploncishotnbusEhrenberg Diplonci» crabro Ehrenberg Diplon cis gruvellcana Hagel stcin Diploncis gruetulleri(Sc hm idt)Cleve
Diploncisin te rru pta(Kiitz ing) Cleve \'(/1'.('/!!1i'/1 Giffen Diplon eis obliqua(Bru n)Hustedr
m .
C)(8.C) (B.T)
(B.F) (13.T)
tn.C) (fl.C>
(13.C)
(B.W)[llole]91
(B.C)Illu le.ill
I
m .
C)Illole.illl (13.F)l/If!/('
J11
(B.F)Illole311
(H.T) (B.C) lR.C)
(13.T)IIIUI (' 321 (E.W) (E. C) (E.C) CE. T) (E.W) (E. F) CE. F) (E.C) (E.W) (E. W) (E.n
(B.W) (B . F) (R.F) (B. F) (13,F)
(B. T) (13, W) (B . W) (B.T) (8,C) (13,C) (13 ,C)
240 FLORIDA SCI ENTIST IVOL. 65
Dlploneissmitliii(Brehisson) Cleve
Diploneissuborbirulari«(Gregory) Cleve val',constrictn Husted:
Diploneis vacillans(Schmidt)Cleve var,rent/ensSchmidt Diploncis \l'cis,jlogii (Schmidt)Cleve
t.'1I/01l/0}lI'is alata(Ehrenberg)Ehrenherg Entomoncis pulchra(Bailey)Reimer
synonym: Amphiprora conspiru«Grcvillc Epithemiu son'sKutzing
lollacia innphiplcuroidcs(Huxtedt)Mann Fallacia [orriputa(Grcvi lle)Stick leet Mann Fallaciuh,\'(1lilll//"(DeToni) SticklectMann Fullacialitorico!a (Hustcdt)Mann rid/ada nummularia (Greville)Mann Frustutia asyrnmctrira(Cleve) Hustedt Gompltonrnia arnniinatum Ehrenberg
Gomphonemopsis littoralis(Hcndey) Medlin Gvrosigma bailey! (Grunow)Cleve Gyrosigm« halticum(Ehrenberg)Rabcnhorst Gvrosigma [asriola (Ehrenberg)GriffithetHenlrcy Gyrosigllj({IIwlllllii Husted :
Gyrosigma macrum (W ,Smith)GriffithctHentrey Gvrosigmo pcisonis(Grunow) Husted:
GvrosigrnuvariistriatumHage lstein llant zschia virguta(Roper)Grunow
Has lca wuwrirkac (Hus ted t)Simonsen Lvrcllu abruptoidcs(Hustcdt)Mann l.vrella approxinuuu(Grcvillc)Mann Lyrcl!a ailamira(Schmidt) Mann
synonym:Navicula lyraEhrenberg\'(Jr,atlanticaSchmidt Lyrclla clavata(Gregory) Mann
Lvrclla clavatu VOl',distentu Hustedt Lyrella clavata \'01'.illdim(Grcville)Cleve Lvrclla hennedyi(W.Smith) SticklectMann l.yrclla irroratoidcs(Hustedt) Mann Lyrclla lvra (Ehrenberg) Karayeva Lvrcl!a prartextu(Ehrenberg) Mann
Mustogloiaarutiusru luGrunowval'.ellipt ica Husted:
Mustog loiaangulutu Lewis M" srogl oi" apiculutaW. Smith ."dtlslOgloia buldjiki anuGrunow Most ogloia binota ta(Grunow) Cleve MastogloiabrauniiGrunow Mustogloiucirrus(Cleve) DeToni :V!liS/og!O;ucribrosaGru now Mastogloiacrucicula(Gru now)Cleve MostogloiudccipicnsHustedt Mustogloiu diccpha!a Voigt
(B.W) (B. C) (13,'1') (13,W) (E.W) (B.'1')
(B. F)
(13,C) [n Oll'331
(B.C) (B.C) (fl,C) (8,C) (8, T) (E.F)
(E, T) (13,C) (13,W) (13,W) (13,C) (13,C) (13,W) (13,T) (R,W)
(P,W)
(B, W)
(13,W)[nNe341 (13,C)
(13,C) (13,T) (B.W) (B. W) (8.T) (13,W) (13, C)
(E,T)[}Wl e351 (E.W) (E. W) (E.T) (E,W) (E,C) (E,T) (E,T) (E,T) (E,C) (E.T)
No.42002] HARGRAVES-INDIAN RIVERLAGOONDIATOMS 241
Mastogloiuelegans
MastogloiaerythraeaGrunow
Mustogloiuerythrae«l'UI'.blnrellatu Grunow MastogloiacxiguaLewis
MustogloiaeuxinuCleve MastogloiaexilisHustedt
Mustogloiafimbriatu(Brightwell)Cleve MastogloiagrunowiiSchmidt
MastogloiahustrdtiiMeister MustogloialunccolataThwaites Mastogloia minutissimoVoigt Mastogloia otnissaVoigt MustogloiaovalisSchmidt MustogloiaparadoxaGrunow Mustogloia pisciculusCleve Mustogl oiupumilu(Grunow)Cle ve Mustogloiu pumilaI'UI'.pupuurutnCho lnoky Mustogloia pumila var. africunaGiffen Mustogl oiapusilluGrunow
MastogloiapusillaI'al'.subcapitutuHustedt MastogloiaschmidtiiHeiden
Mustogloi« smitliiiThwaites Mastogloiasplendida(Gregory) Ralfs Mustogloiasubuffirntatu Husted: MastogloiavuriunsHustedt Naviculacarinif craGrunow Navicula clWIIWISHustedt Navicula directaW,Smith Nuviculufromentrru eCleve Navicula johanrossiiGiffen Naviculalongu (G rego ry ) Ralfs Navicula muculosuDonkin Navicula normulisHustedt Navicula pennatuSchmidt NaviculaplatyveturisMeister Navicula pseudocomoides Hcndey Naviculapseudocrassiros tris Hustedt Navicula rumosis simu Agardh) Cleve Naviculasaliuurum Grunow Naviculascopulorum Brebisson Navicula tripunctutuMUlier)Bory Navicula yarrcnsisGrunow
NitzschiaamphibioGrunow Nitzschia brittouii Hagelstein Nitzschia [onticolaGrunow
Nitzschiafrust ulum (Kiitzi ng)Grunow NitzschiainsignisGregory
Nitzschia kmceolatuW. Smit h Nitzsc hia lesbiaCholnoky Nit zschia lincuris W.Smith lVi/~.I'chiuIionellaCholnoky
Nitzsch ia long issim u(Brebisson)Rail's
Nitzschia 101'1.'1Iziw II/GrunowI'U I', subtilisGrunow
(E.C)
(E.T)!1I011.'361 (E.T)
(E.F) (E.T) (E. T) (E.T) (E.T) (E.T) (E.W) (E.C) (E. T) (E.T) (E.T) (E.T) (E.C) (E. C) (E.C) (E.C) (E.T) (E. T)
(E.W)!lIole35!
(E.W) (E.T) (E.T) (B.W) (B.W) (B.C) (ll.T) (B.C) (8.T) (B.C) (B.C) (B.C) (B.C)
(B. C)!1I11/1.'30.4/1 (B.C)
(B.C)!I/Ol l.'.III ! (B.W) (B.W) (B.F) (E.T)
(B.F)111011.'38!
(B. T) (B. F) (B.F) (B. W) (B. W) (B.C) (B.F) (B.C) (B.W) (B.C)
242 FLORIDA SCIENT IST IVOL. 65
Nitzschianutrtiunu(Agurdh) Van Heurck Nitzschia Oh /II,\'(/W.SmithjUl'lII O1'111' \'0Hustcdt
Nltisrhi«palcu (K utzi ng) W,Sm ith\'(/1'.dcbilis(K utzi ng)Grunow Nitzschi a1'111'1'11111W.Smith
Nitzschia quickiana Hagclstcin NitzschiarcvcrsaW. Smith Ni l :sch i ll rhnpolodi oid rsHuxtcdr Nitz srhiasigm a(KOlz i ng)W.Smith Nitzschi« signu: \'(/1'.intcrccdens Grunow NitzschiasociatisGregory
Nitzsch iu sputhulat«W.Smith /Vi/:Sl'h!1I vrntricosaKilton Nitz srh ia vidovicltiiGruno w Parlibcllusberk elcvi(K utzi ug)Cox Parlibrllustll'logflei(Va n Heurck ) Cox Parlibrllus luunulif er(Grunow) Cox Parlibcllus tubulosus(Brun)Cox Petrodictyongcnnna(Ehrenberg)Mann
synony m: Sill'ire/IIIgl'lII l1Il1Ehrenberg Pl'/I'II/It'i.,'granulata(Bai ley) Mann Pctroneis/rtlIIS(i lg ll (G runow) Mann Pinnulariagentilis(Do nkin)Cleve Pinnularia1'1111/1.1'111Hustcdt
PtogiotropisIl'pilh!p/ l'rtI( Gregory ) Kuntze
Plogiotropislcpidopt eru vur. probosridea(Cleve) Reim er Plagiotropis scria ta(C leve) Kuntze
Planothidiutn delicatuhnn(K iltz i ng) Round ct Bukhti yurovu 1'11I1I01h!tliwlI11lI1Il' kio1lWII(Grunow) Roundct Bukhriyurova Ptanothidiinnclliptirum(Cleve )Roundct Bukhiynrova
synonym:tlci ll/w i l he"lanreolutu Brebisson I'll I'. t'ilip lil' 1IClev e Plcurosignu:acstuarii (Brcbi sson) W.Sm ith
Plcurosigma angulunnn (Q ucc ke u ) W.Smith Plcurosign n:dcliccnnlumW.Smith
Plcurosigma clongaunnW.Smith 1'1/1',gl'lI cili,l'Grunow Plcurosigniaformnsun:\Y. Smith
Plcnrosivn u: int cn nediutn\Y. Smith Plrurosigmu rigidum W.Smith
Psununodictvon constrirtum (Gregory)Mann PsunuuodictyunpWltlllcilimne(Gregory)ivlann
Pscudo-nitcscliia dclicatissirna (Cleve) Heiden Pscudo-nit zschia pscrulodelicarissimc:(Haslc)lluslc l'''l'IIc/O-lIil:"chill pUlIgl'1IS (Grunow)Haslc Pscitdo-nitzschi o srriat«(Cleve) Peragallo
Rhopulodiu gibbcru!«(Ehrenberg)Muller Rlwpllioc/ill op er c u l a III (A gardh) Hakansson
synonym:RhopalodiaIIIIISCIIIII.l'(Kiir/ing)MOiler Stouronris atnphoroidcsGrunow
(B,\Y)Ifl o le'301
en ,
W)(fl.F) (fl.C) (B.T) (13,C) (B. C) (B.W) (B.C) (B.C)\110(1'39\
(B.W) (B.T) (8.C)
(B. C)(fllIl l'40,4/J (8. C)
rn.
C) (B.C)(fl.W)11101i'421
(8.W)1IIIIIe431 (13.T)
(B.F) (fl.F) (8.C) (B.F) (B.C)
(E.F)[flille'44,45J (E.F)
(E. F)
(B.Cl i ll ole'41i1 (B.W) (13.C) (B.C) (13.C) (fl.C) (B.W)
(B.W) IfllIll'471 (13.\V)
(P.W) (P. Wj (P. W) (P.W) Illole'481 (8.W)
rn .
W)(B.T) ll/o/('4<)1
No.4 2002j IIARGRAV ES- It\D1A f\ RIVERLAGOONDIATOMS 243
S/I/l /I'rII' /WI"II{wll'hioxrs (G reg o ry) Mann syn on ym :StouroncisamphinxvsGregory Stuurophoraamphioxvsvar.protluctaGrun ow Snrirclta[astuosu(Ehrenberg)Kuizing
Truchyn cisIISI'('/"1I(Ehrenberg)Cleve Trachynrisbruni!(Cleve)Cleve
Trybtionelt«IICl1/11i/ItI /II(W.Sm ilh)Mann Trvblioncllu{(('II/a(Hunizsch)Mann Trvblioncllacourctata(G runow) Mann Trvblioncllogl'lI//II /II / 11Grunow )Mann Trvhlioncllugl'lI/ /II /II /11\'{/I'.livalinuAmosse Trvhlioncllamarginulatn(G run ow )Mann Trvblioncllnmnrginutut«var.didvmuGruno w
NOTE S
rn.ci
(B.C)
lB.W)
rn,
W) (B.C)(B. W)Illo /e50]
(B.C) (B.W) (B.C) (B.T)
c u.
C)(B.C)
I, According10Iltlkansson (I')<){» some idcntiticnrions ofthis taxon. includingsamples from Florida,arc in reulity( I'c/o /el/IIlitorulis Lange ctSyvertsen.
2. The distinction between Podosira and 1I,I'II/ot!isCII,\' is nor clear (Round and co- workers, I'.I'.1(»: 1'.stelligrr,for example,isfrequently calledII.,I'/ell igel'.
J. According 10 Hasle (I'.17'.1) many reco rds ofthisspecies may he suspect:il appearsto heprimarily a benthic spec ies."possibly...as anepiphyte ortrappedby branchedlarger algae...
4. There is evide nce thai at co lde r temperatures this diatom becomes altered in its morpholo g y and resembles T.gravida(Sy ve rtse n.IlJ77).
5.Thisspecies was recently trans ferredto anew genus.Calvptrella.latertrans ferred again to IVeocaly p -
/1'('1/11(Hernandez-Becerriland Mea vede C:lSlillll.\')<)7 ).
h.The genusAuliscus is primaril y fos sil. and rare ly seen alive : some haveques tioned whether itis solely fossil:atleastA.raelutusisexta nt.
7. AuliscusI'l'lIill {).I'IISandA.1"111('/11/11.1'arcprobabl ysynonymous:sec Sullivan.I<)X7)
X.TIlis spec ies has also been called Tricrrutium ultcrn unsand Trigoninm altcrnans.The co rrect name depends011one....~interpretati on ofthe genericlimits of thethree generainvolved.
9.Theexact identityand validity ofC.brevisis uncertain:sec Rines and Hargraves. 19RX.
10. Withoutthe presence of resting spo res (inC.lorrnziunus only) itis difficult In separate C.decip icns from C.torcnz ianussince morpholo gi calintcr g rad cs arc common(sec Rine s and Harg rave s. 19 8X).
I I. The re is no cons isten c y 10 thenamin gof unicellula r('hm' /ol"l' rosspecies,andseveral nam e s have been appliedaIIlH )"i1indiscriminately:s,ccRinc-,and Hargra ves.IlJXX.
12. This!'.pcl' ic-sisoften reportcdill thc·litc-ra u u...:.but hasno tnxon omi...·validity:itisdifticu lttosaycxuc rly wha titsidentit yis.
I~. Till'difl(:reu ces bet ween C.pc r nviunu»and C.p('lUlllllisarcnot alwa y...distinct.and some authorshave combinedIh",'111(secRinesandHarg rave.... I~n·a».
14. Roundand en-workers(19911)have questioned whether I:', radiutusis extantor onlyfossil.
15. Prop erassign mL'llt 10a gen usdep ends011whetherelectro n microscope cxumi ua tio nsho ws the presence or ocelli (asin Trircrutiunt),or pscudo cclli(as in lumprisrus. Sec Roundand co-workerx. IlJ9U.and Navarro. I<.JS I.
16.Thc· gene ric limit s amongst /l l l1/, h i/ )('I1/(/.\". ,·IJJlp h i /f tJ"lI S. Bidtllllphia. Trirrrat ium and Trignni tun are confusedandcomplex:Sl'CRound and co-wo rke rs . IC::}l)().
17. Thestru cture of Ih isspec iescorresponds toEh rcn bc rgx genus/Imp!lIjwl1l as(Sim s.20(1)
IX. Ifoneco nside rs thegenus/JI1I/ ,h il'('/t tasasva lid.then this~pcdes'.\'mlldhethegeneritypc(Sims.20 01)
I'). Thi~~pL'ckshaspxcud orclliand no n-locul ate .ircoluc. unlike thetype species01"Trigonium,aud might
he better placedin thegenusS/Il',' /lll k Ol'io(I'.Siu".pel's.com..X/llI): secRound andco-worker'.1')90.
20. Spcc ic-,in thisgenus were form erl y placedinSvncilr«.
21. According10Sullivanand Weal' (1<)'),';)thisspeciesmayhemisplacedinArdissotu-a.
22. Fa/Ciliaisprimaril y epizo ic on mari ne/o opla nkt o n.Prasad andco-workers(Ic)XlJ)believe Ihis is amix- idcruiticationforF. hvnliru,Tuk.mo.
2.t Somespec iesin Ihi!'.g...'IH IS\\'L'fL' tormcrlv placedinFrugiluri«.
244
FLORIDA SCIENTIST IVOL. 6524. Rou nd andco-workers (I(90)place thisspecies inMicrotabclla.an inva lid nameaccord ingIn Navarro and William s(1991)
25. Rnund andco-workers(I99() do notinclu dethis speciesinOpcphor«.hUIoffernoalternative. 26. Altho ugh primaril y an epip hy te on xeag rasse s. this species may also hc abunda nt on the leathersof
diving sea birds.
27. Thisspeciesbears a resemb lance tothe recentlydescribed genus Rcimcrothrix (Prasad anti co-workers.
2(KlI),and may hc a misidcrui ficutio nfo rthat taxon.Toxu riu m",'////etlyw IIIIIIiscom mo nintemperate coastalareas .whereas R.floridensishas hcenconfirmedonly from Flo rida Ray.
21<.Sec Salanndco-workers(199H)forprobl emsinidenti fyin g thisspec ies .
29. Most record s throughou t the world list B. pax;lIt",r(or irs.synonym, B.parmloxa ). Itseems certain, however.tha t Bacilluriaismad e up of more tha none species.and the oneso com mo n in the IRL is probabl ynotB.paxillifer.
30.Thisis~Idiatom whichfo rm sfoliosecolonies.with the cellsinmuc ila ginou stu be s.
31. Roundandco-wo rkers(199() donotdistin g ui shbetweenCuloncisand Pinnuioriu,
32.The gen us Climuconeis appe ars10 hc mo redive rse in Flor ida thanwaspreviouslyevident (Pras ad and co-wor kers .20(0).
33.SpeciesofFullaciawer efo rmerl y in the gen us Xuvicula.
34.Spec ies of Lyrellu wereformerly in the gen us Navicula.prim arily inthe 'Lyrarac' .various lycalled a su bge nus,sectio n.Ofsimply.group.
35. Most spec iesofMustoglniaarc predominantly epiphytic,bUI mayalsoexist asmembersof the epipel ie (sedi me nt surface ) co m m unity.
36. In some species of Mustoglaia the number of internal marginal si l ic~o tl.1o; chambers (partcct n) is related 10 valv e length, Such is the case. for exam ple. in M.('1'.1'' '11'1/1'0 and M. sm ithii (Novurino and Murrah. 1( 9 2),
37.Thisspeciesmay be planktonic.benthic,or sym biotic,and hasbeen reportedundera varietyofnam es:
sec Ro und andco-workers(199 '».
JX.This is alarge genu s conta ining man y spec ies whic h arc probably no t closely related. A numhcr of Nitzschiaspecies havebeentransferredtoothergenera,e.g..PsummodictvonandTrvblionella.
39.The relations h ipbetwee nN.sorialisand Bacilluria paxillili-risunclea r.Ind iv id ua l cells of hothtaxa arc similar.and it isbecoming apparentthai.cont rary 10conventional wisd o m . Bacilluri« is made up of severalunde scr ibed species.
.j(), Parlibrllusincl udes anumhc r ofspeciesformerly placed inthelarge and unwieldygenus Navicula(sec Cox. 1(88).The species listedhere alloccurprimari ly with inmucil ag inoustubes,so me time sbranched.
41. Accordi ng to Cox (I9RH). Nuvirula pseudoco m oides Hcnd cy is a synonym for Parlibeltus bcrkc!«....i (VanHcurck)Cox.
42 . IIis likelyrha r many recordsor Ihis species fromsubtrop ica land tro pical watersare misidentification sor P.putrimoniiStcrrenb urg (sec Sterre nburg.2()01 ).
43,Species ofPetronris we re forme rlyinthe genus Navicula(secRoun d andco- wor kers. 19,)(), 44. Therelatio ns hi p betwe e nP.delicamhnnand1'.huuckianuis uncertai n:sec Patrick and Reimer. 1966.
45. SpeciesofPlunot hidiumwere formerlyin the genusAchnant hes(secRound and Bukhtiyarova, 1(96).
46. Some autho rs(e.g..Patri ck and Reimer. 19(6)prefer10retain this species asa varietyof P.angulntum (Q uec keu)W.Sm ith.
47. Psunu nodi ctyo n wasestab lishe d by D.G.Mann (in Roundand co-workers. 199() 10include the spec ie s fromthePandurifonncssectionofNitzschiu.
4X. Pseudo-ni iz schiu srri utuisfrequentlyamisidenriticdnameforocherspecie...;inthis genusof verysimilar species(sec Hnslc andeo-wo rke rs. I(96),These spec iespotentially mayprodu ce dornoic acid.a potent neurot o xin .
49.Thisspecies mayhebetterplaced in Sutnrnplnm),whichco nta insmarine/brackish specieswithoneplas- lid (Prasad and Silva.2()()().Stuunmr!«species usu all yhave11'0 plastid s andarc freshwater inhabitants.
However.theIRI. containsnumerous adventitious freshwater species. I havenotseen livingcells,andso the chlorop las t number isunknown.
50. Tryb lloncllucons istsofspec iesformer ly in the section Tryblion cllacofthegen us Nitzschia.
