Volume 9, Nomor 1, Juni 2023
Perceptions of The Importance of Halal Certification: A Study on Religious Tourism SMES of Syaikhona Kholil Tomb, Bangkalan
Fadila Febriana Tenesha1 & Nasrulloh2
1 Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universitas Trunojoyo Madura, Indonesia. E-mail: [email protected]
2 Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universitas Trunojoyo Madura, Indonesia. E-mail: [email protected]
ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords:
Halal Certification;
Perception; Small and Medium Enterprises.
This study aims to analyze the perceptions of MSEs at the religious tourism site of Syaikhona Kholil Bangkalan Cemetery regarding the importance of halal certification, as well as analyze the inhibiting factors in carrying out halal certification. This article uses a qualitative research method with a descriptive analysis study approach. The results showed that as many as 9 or 63% of informants had the perception that halal certification was not important, and only 6 or 37% of informants had the perception that halal certification was important. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factor experienced by MSEs at the religious tourism site of Syaikhona Kholil Bangkalan Cemetery to carry out halal certification was the lack of information obtained as many as 12 or 80% of new informants obtained information related to halal certification from researchers, and only 3 or 20% obtained information from other people.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis persepsi UMK di tempat wisata religi Makam Syaikhona Kholil Bangkalan terhadap pentingnya sertifikasi halal, serta menganalisis faktor penghambat dalam melakukan sertifikasi halal.Artikel ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi yang bersifat analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 9 atau 63% informan berpersepsi bahwa sertifikasi halal tidak penting, dan hanya 6 atau 37% informan berpersepsi bahwa sertifikasi halal penting. Sedangkan faktor penghambat yang dialami UMK di tempat wisata religi Makam Syaikhona Kholil Bangkalan untuk melakukan sertifikasi halal yaitu minimnya informasi yang diperoleh sebanyak 12 atau 80% informan baru mendapatkan informasi terkait sertifikasi halal dari peneliti, dan hanya 3 atau 20% mendapatkan informasi dari orang lain.
the field of socioeconomic studies on a global market scale (Bashir & Mohamed, 2019).
With this situation, making the halal lifestyle a trend that spreads throughout the country without exception, not only Muslims but non-Muslim people are also interested in using halal products. This halal lifestyle trend presents consumers to care
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31602/iqt.v9i1.9980
INTRODUCTION
Currently, the word "halal" is not only used in religious matters but has penetrated
Received:
12 January 2023 Revised:
2 August 2023 Accepted:
14 August 2023
about halal products in the lives of these people. East Java is one of the most populous provinces in Indonesia with the majority of the population being Muslims (Makhtum
& Faraby, 2021). Based on data from the Directorate General of the Population and Civil Registration Service (Dukcapil) of the Ministry of Home Affairs, it was noted that in June 2022 the total population of the people of East Java reached 41,150,000 million people. Based on this data, the majority of the population is Muslim, with a percentage reaching 97.21% (Iskandar, 2021).
Picture 1. Chart Population of East Java by Religion/Belief
Source: Data Processed by Researchers (2022)
Based on the results of the data above, it can provide evidence related to halal products consumed by the Muslim community has become a basic need for the Muslim community. Then Bangkalan which is included in the East Java part, where the majority of the population is Muslim, is seen as a strong Islamic area. This can be strengthened by Bangkalan getting the nickname the City of Zikir and Sholawat on August 28, 2015. Mohammad Maknun Ibn Fuad as Regent at the time had declared it.
With this nickname, it is hoped that Bangkalan City can become better and become a soft-hearted Muslim person, and have a noble character ( Tamami, 2022). Overall, the population of Bangkalan City in the aggregate population data is 1,082.759 million people with most of them being Muslims (Sipil, 2022).
40179566
679059 273800 104620 69779 2029 2328
0 5000000 10000000 15000000 20000000 25000000 30000000 35000000 40000000 45000000
Population of East Java By Religion/Belief
Picture 2. Aggregate Population Data for Semester 1 of 2021
Source: Bangkalan Population and Civil Registration Service (2021)
Muslim markets around the world are developing rapidly characterized by an increasingly massive halal lifestyle. It is characterized by countries that are not only Muslim residents but also exist in countries that are mostly non-muslim residents (Muhamad, 2020). According to Zohar and Marshall in Budiman (Budiman, 2020), The popularity of halal products is increasing among non-Muslim consumers, this is because when caring for animals before and when they want to be slaughtered Muslims treat them well. As well as based on the view that halal products are better and safer. Another important point is that the use of halal products as business objects is not only about getting as much profit as expected but also connecting with other ethical, social, moral, and religious values.
Production is a form of effort in the development of factors obtained with a view to the welfare of society, and supporting existence. Production according to Islam, in addition to getting a myriad of benefits, also pays attention to things that are done by Islamic rules, especially goods produced do not harm others, do not use prohibited materials, let alone can harm other creatures of Allah SWT (Nukeriana, 2018).
Based on Article 1 number 5 Government Regulations No. 69 of 1999 concerning labels and advertisements halal food is food that does not contain components or ingredients that are prohibited for Muslims, which includes raw materials, food additives, auxiliary materials, and other auxiliary materials including staples that are handled by Islamic sharia regulations. Halal food is not only important for Muslims but also for society as a whole. Therefore, for Allah Almighty to accept the worship of Muslims, in this case, all efforts must be made so that the food and drinks consumed are part of the conditions for the acceptance of worship and prayer (Agus, 2017). The government as the manager of community businesses must ensure that the food available is halal or haram. In Law No. 33 of 2014 concerning Halal Product Guarantee,
the issuance of certificates will be taken over by the government through the Halal Product Guarantee Agency which is protected by the Ministry of Religious Affairs. The enactment of Law No. 33 of 2014 concerning Halal Product Guarantee in Article 4 states: "Products that enter, circulate, and are traded in the territory of Indonesia must be halal certified." (Qomaro, Hammam, & Nasik, 2019)
Article 67 of the SDA law stipulates that the obligation to certify distributed and traded products will come into effect five years after the passage of the JPH Law, with the intention that by October 2019 all products traded and circulated must be halal certified, including MSE products. The enactment of this regulation requires the government to provide guarantees and protection for Muslim consumers through the BPJPH agency to obtain halal information on its products. Not only that, based on the law, the obligation to obtain halal certification can also affect the selling value and market competitiveness of halal products for consumption, in both Muslim and non- Muslim communities (Qomaro, Hammam, & Nasik, 2019).
According to the article, it is ensured that all products must be halal certified. The existence of halal certificates and logos makes it a product quality standard. Even today, entrepreneurs and food manufacturers need halal certificates. Not only Muslim families, but almost all individuals and producers of different religions (Nukeriana).
Merchandise/products that must require halal certification are food, beverages, medicines, beauty care products, chemical products, natural products, genetically modified products, and useful goods that are used, utilized, or used by people in general (Diana, 2008).
Bangkalan City has a religious tourist spot tomb of Shaikhona Kholil. This religious tourist spot is one of the destinations for both local and foreign tourists who come to the city of Bangkalan. The existence of Syaikhona Kholil Bangkalan religious tourism so far the surrounding community has felt the benefits. One of the effects of this tourism activity is the economic impact. With the attraction of religious tourism objects the tomb of Shaikhona Kholil Bangkalan which is visited by many tourists makes jobs for the local community and the people of Bangkalan City.
MSE actors who sell around the tomb of Shaikhona Kholil Bangkalan belong to the micro-business group. This is because the MSE actor in the religious tourism of the Tomb of Shaikhona Kholil Bangkalan his net worth is still below Rp. 50,000,000.00. The MSEs that are in the religious tour of the Tomb of Shaikhona Kholil Bangkalan consist of various kinds, both MSEs in the culinary field of MSEs in the field of fashion, and so on. However, the most dominant is MSEs in the culinary field, by producing and selling a variety of typical foods that are used as souvenirs, processed foods, and others. In selling their products, most of them are from MSEs in the culinary field who still do not pay attention to the very important supporting object in the products they sell, namely halal certification.
Literature Review 1. Theory of perception
Perception is the process of sensations generated, and the concept of sensation is that of the thing that causes emotional activity or an exhilarating emotional state.
Sensation can also be defined as the rapid response of the senses in humans to basic stimuli such as light, color, and sound. Perceptual understanding is the process of how stimuli are selected, organized, and interpreted (Setiadi, 2003).
According to Dudi Hartono, saying that perception is the process of organizing and interpreting a stimulus so that it can be accepted and meaningful for each individual, it becomes an integrated activity in the individual. Perception is the part of the whole process that generates responses to stimuli that the human being receives. Perception allows the individual to be aware and understand the state of the environment and what is in the individual (Hartono, 2016).
Perception in Islam is the process of understanding information through the senses possessed by each individual. Hearing by ear, seeing with eyes, kissing with a nose, heart to feel that is channeled to reason, and mind to understand something (Latif, 2017). So it can be concluded that perception is how a person conveys/expresses what is in his mind. And from the results of his thoughts, it can determine how decisions are made.
The process of perception begins with attention from the five senses and then ends with observation. As the incoming object passes through sensory devices such as eyes, nose, ears, body, tongue, and mind. The set of forms appears as an entrance which is the process of visual perception to know something through perception from the sense of sight (Fajar, 2019). To be able to create this there are perceptual indicators that need to be passed. According to robbins in Sari (Sari, 2021), the indicators of perception are of two kinds, namely; first acceptance, The process of acceptance or absorption is an indicator of the occurrence of perception in the physiological stage, which serves the senses to capture excitatory from the outside or in other words a stimulus that is outside the individual is absorbed through the senses, enters the brain, and then gains place. Therefore the reception of an individual nature is different from each other although the stimulus absorbed is the same. Both evaluations, this evaluation is very subjective. Individually one judges an excitatory as something difficult and boring. But the other individual rates the same excitatory as something nice and fun.
2. Halal Certification
A halal certificate is an MUI fatwa that states that a product is halal according to Islamic law. To protect Muslim consumers from non-halal products, food, medicines, and cosmetics must have halal certification. Muslim consumers are entitled to halal certificates protected by the government (Syafrida, 2016). Halal certification is a requirement to obtain permission from a government agency authorized to put halal labels on product packaging. The provision of halal logos on food, medicines, cosmetics, and other products aims to show the halal status of
these products so that consumers can consume them with confidence. However, a lack of knowledge can mean that few companies register their products to have a halal certificate. Consumer perceptions of halal food certification low consumer understanding of Bangkalan products halal certificate. Consumer perceptions of Halal food certification Bangkalan production are also low, consumer demographic profiles and Halal certification have great potential, but we need support and interaction from the regions and the central government (Nasrulloh, 2021).
Business actors who have obtained halal certification are responsible for maintaining the halal character of their products. Halal certification is valid for 4 years from the time it is issued by BPJPH and can be extended afterward. This provision aims to ensure that manufacturers maintain product consistency during the validity period of the halal certificate. To have halal certification, a company must follow the applicable provisions related to the provision of halal certification, the provisions for obtaining a halal certificate can be described as follows (Kamsari, n.d.):
Picture 3. Procedure for Obtaining Halal Certification
Source: Halal Product Guarantee Organizing Agency of the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia
Explanation:
a. Business actors apply for halal certification.
b. BPJPH examines the applicant's documents. And the applicant completes his lack of documents with an estimated maximum time of 5 working days.
c. Furthermore, BPJPH determines the LPH based on the choice of the applicant.
d. Then LPH conducts inspection as well as product testing,
e. BPJPH receives and verifies documents from LPH examination and testing.
f. The next step is for the MUI to hold a halal fatwa session and issue a decision on the determination of halal products.
3. MSMEs (Micro small and Medium Enterprises)
The role and share of MSMEs in the national economy are spelled out strategically when viewed from the number of business units that dominate, absorption is high workforce, and the amount of contribution in the formation of the national Gross Domestic Product (GDP). And its contribution to the value of exports (Nasrulloh, 2022). MSMEs are a form of business that can be run by individuals or may already have a business entity and meet the criteria for small, micro, and medium-sized
businesses. Some people think that the existence of MSME’s only benefits a few parties. However, in reality, the existence of MSME’s can create new jobs to reduce unemployment in Indonesia. As well as MSME’s also play an important role in the Indonesian state because they have contributed to regional income and Indonesian state revenue. One example is MSMEs helping to process natural resources in each region (Handini, 2019).
According to Law No. 20 of 2008 states that, Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises are business activities that aim to increase employment opportunities and provide various economic services to the community, and can play a role in the process of equity, increase people's income, can encourage economic growth, and realize national stability. In addition, Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises are one of the main pillars of the country's economy which need to get the best opportunity, protection, support, and development as wide as possible as a form of strong attachment to the people's economic business group, without forgetting the role of Big Business and BUMN (Wijoyo, 2021).
Meanwhile, according to Law No. 20 of 2008, the definition of MSMEs is businesses that are controlled individually or business entities that lead to the formation of productive businesses by the standards set out in the law. Therefore, to find out what type of business is being carried out, it is necessary to pay attention to the following criteria (Wijoyo, 2021):
a. Micro Business
A micro business is a productive economic business owned by an individual or legal entity that fulfills a micro business. The development of micro-enterprises in Indonesia is getting faster and more advanced. Evidenced by the many entrepreneurs who own micro businesses. So the development of this micro business can improve the Indonesian economy. The following are the characteristics of a micro business, namely as follows:
1) The business has a net worth of up to Rp. 50,000,000, - and does not include buildings and land for business premises.
2) Each year the sales of micro businesses reach a maximum of Rp.
300,000,000,-.
b. Small Business
A small business is a self-produced, independent, or independent economic enterprise that is owned by a group of individual companies that are not a branch of the main business. In addition, the company is directly or indirectly part of a medium or large company.
In Indonesia, there are many small businesses, because the existence of entrepreneurs or entrepreneurs can revive the Indonesian economy to continue to be better. Also, the existence of small businesses can open jobs thereby reducing unemployment. Small businesses have the following characteristics:
1) Economic businesses that stand alone either owned by individuals or groups, and not as a branch business entity of the main company.
2) Have a net worth of more than Rp. 50,000,000, - up to a maximum of Rp.
500,000,000, - and does not include land and buildings for business premises.
3) Each year the sales of micro businesses reach between Rp. 300,000,000, - up to a maximum of Rp. 2.5,000,000,000,-.
c. Medium Enterprises
Medium enterprises are businesses in an industrial economy that are directly or indirectly part of small and large businesses. And not part of a branch of the main business or central company. In addition, the MSME’s law stipulates that medium-sized businesses must have minimal corporate assets.
There are not many medium-sized businesses in Indonesia, unlike micro and small businesses which are widespread in Indonesia. So, by maximizing micro and small businesses, it can make medium-sized businesses with very promising hopes.
The presence of this medium-sized company will certainly improve the Indonesian economy. The large number of entrepreneurs entering the Indonesian market will have a positive impact on the Indonesian economy. The following are the characteristics of medium-sized businesses, namely:
1) Businesses that open branches or subsidiaries of the central company with a total net worth by statutory regulations.
2) Have a net worth of more than Rp. 500,000,000, - up to a maximum of Rp.
10,000,000,000, - excluding land and buildings for business premises.
3) Each year the sales of micro businesses reach between Rp. 2.5,000,000,000, - up to a maximum of Rp. 50,000,000,000,-
Method
This research uses research methods with a descriptive qualitative approach (Rukin, 2019). The first step to obtaining data through observations in the environment around the religious tourist attractions of the Tomb of Shaikhona Kholil Bangkalan, is to find out the number and activities of MSE actors in the place and the perpetrators sort out the MSE perpetrators who meet the criteria for further research. Then conducted interviews with as many as 15 respondents who met the criteria to answer questions that would be asked by researchers,namely related to the perception of MSEs in religious tourism of the Tomb of Shaikhona Kholil Bangkalan regarding the importance of halal certification. Then conduct documentation and field notes in addition to the validity of the research that has been carried out.
Results and Discussion
Halal certification is a necessity for business actors, especially in the field of food or culinary in religious tourist attractions of the Tomb of Shaikhona Kholil Bangkalan, whose producers there are Muslims and consumers are also Muslim, so that the halal certification serves to increase competition and make added value to their products.
To find out the perception of MSEs in religious tourism places, the Tomb of Shaikhona Kholil Bangkalan about the importance of halal certification in food products, researchers conducted using perception indicators as a measure. The first indicator is acceptance, the way carried out by researchers is by finding out the understanding of MSEs in religious tourist attractions of the Tomb of Shaikhona Kholil Bangkalan about halal certification, if they do not know about it then researchers provide stimulus or stimulation in the form of explanations to them about halal certification.
The second indicator is evaluation, researchers associate evaluation as a perception indicator with interest as an internal perceptual factor. The way researchers do this is by finding out about their interest in taking care of halal certificates after getting a stimulus through the sense of hearing related to halal certification and its functions that researchers have conveyed or that they have previously conveyed from other sources. The answers from the informants from the results of the study are as follows:
1. Informant's Understanding of Halal Certification
From the results of interviews with all informants, there is only 1 informant who understands what halal certification is, and the rest of them do not know this.
Picture 4. Informant's Understanding of Halal Certification
Source: Primary Data (2022)
The informant who knew about the halal certification said as follows:
“... It's like food is compared between halal or not. Which one is kosher which one is not that food. It's like in the laboratory test, it's real or not pure or not.” (Adi, 2022)
As stated by Mr. Adi, the informant argued that halal certification is to compare what is halal or not, and the product is tested in the laboratory.
Meanwhile, from the results of interviews with all informants, several informants did not know about halal certification. Among them are:
1, 7%
14, 93%
Understand Don't Understand
"What is it? Don't know” (Sa'adah, 2022)
As stated by the owner of the Zain stall, that he still does not know or get information about halal certification. The same was also conveyed by Mrs. Homiseh as follows:
“…not yet.” (Homiseh, 2022)
As stated by Mrs. Homiseh, that this informant also still does not know what halal certification is, and this is the first time to listen and get information related to halal certification.
Of the 15 informants from MSEs in the culinary field at the religious tourist attractions of the Tomb of Shaikhona Kholil Bangkalan, there are 1 or 7% of informants know about halal certification, and there are 14 or 93% of informants claim that they still do not know what halal certification is and some informants only understand in terms of Islamic rules related to halal not related to halal certification.
2. Informant's Awareness of Interest in Managing Halal Certification
From the results of interviews with all informants, several informants are interested and some who are not interested in taking care of the halal certification.
Picture 5. Informant's Awareness of Interest in Managing Halal Certification
Source: Primary Data (2022)
From the picture above, based on the results of the interview, 6 informants are interested in taking care of the halal certification, including:
“…that's if it's already a big restaurant interest, but if this is how to take care of it so time.” (Holil, 2022)
As stated by Mr. Tomo, informants are interested in taking care of halal certification if it has become a large restaurant, but for now, there is no time to take care of it because everything for selling is still taken care of by yourself so there is no time to take care of it. Some informants are interested in taking care of the halal certification submitted by Mrs. Satumi as follows:
“…If it is mandatory, it must be, especially here all believers, here is the place of the pilgrimage.” (Satumi, 2022)
6, 40%
9, 60%
Interest Apaty
From what has been conveyed by the owner of the Bakso Mantap azizah stall, the informant is interested in taking care of halal certification if it is required, and also the environment around there is the majority of believers because those who come to his stall who have made a pilgrimage from the Tomb of Shaikhona Kholil Bangkalan.
From the interview results, several informants are not interested in taking care of the halal certification, including:
“…no way yes. You see, I don't like people. The problem here is that there is also the most complete toothpick tissue here. If the desire is there, but we don't know the problem, yes, the Mrs, is it more convincing to the customer that the Mrs.” (Hotijah, Persepsi UMK Terhadap Pentingnya Sertifikasi Halal, 2022)
As stated by Mrs. Satumi, she is not interested in taking care of halal certification because the completeness is also more complete than others, it has also been proven by the provision of toothpicks and tissues to be the complement needed by customers when eating at the place. And also because you don't know the problem, it's more convincing to the customer. The same was also conveyed by Mr. Ahmad Hariri as follows:
“…The timing was deck. You see, in the morning I worked directly here. Most of the holidays are Fridays. If it's already that night, you're tired..” (Hariri, 2022)
As has been stated by this satay seller, the informant is not interested because the time to take care of it is not there, the time off is only on Friday, and even then it is used to rest due to fatigue.
It can be concluded that from as many as 15 informants from MSEs in the culinary field at the religious tourist attractions of the Tomb of Shaikhona Kholil Bangkalan, there are 6 or 40% of informants who are interested in taking care of halal certification, and as many as 9 or 60% of informants are not interested in taking care of halal certification.
Table 1. Table of Informants' Understanding and Interest in Halal Certification
No Information Number of
informants
Percentage (%) 1. Informants who have an understanding of halal
certification
1 Person 7%
Informants who do not have an understanding of halal certification
14 Person 93%
TOTAL 15 Person 100%
2. Informants who are interested in taking care of halal certification
6 Person 40%
Informants who are not interested in taking care of halal certification
9 Person 60%
TOTAL 15 Person 100%
Source: Primary Data (2022)
Informants who know that halal certification is to guarantee a product in an MSE to be guaranteed halal. However, they are not necessarily interested in managing or agreeing to the existence of mandatory regulations for halal certification. So the researcher deliberately did not directly ask the informant the question with the sentence "Is this halal certification very important for your product?" because it is feared that the informant answered "important", but in fact when asked about the understanding of halal certification from the informant, he still did not know. so that after UMK in religious tourism places of the Tomb of Shaikhona Kholil Bangkalan knows the definition and function of halal certification (acceptance or absorption of stimulus) and after they get the stimulus from researchers or other people, then they are interested in taking care of it, it can be used as evidence that they consider halal certification to be an important thing.
Researchers have classified the answers of informants into several groups, namely as follows:
First, 1 informant perceives that halal certification is important because informants understand what halal certification is and intend to take care of halal certification.
Second, 5 informants perceive that halal certification is important because informants do not understand what halal certification is but informants are interested in taking care of halal certification.
Third, 9 informants perceive that halal certification is not important because informants do not know what halal certification is and are also not interested in taking care of it.
Table 2. Research Results
No Indicators Perception Number of
informants
Percentage Absorption Evaluation (%)
1. Understand Interested Important 1 7%
2. Do Not
Understand
Interested Important 5 33%
3. Do Not
Understand
Not Interested
Not Important 9 60%
TOTAL 15 100%
Source: Primary Data (2022)
As Dudi Hartono has said that perception is the process of organizing and interpreting a stimulus so that it can be accepted and meaningful for each individual, it becomes an integrated activity in the individual (Hartono, 2016). The perception of MSE actors in the religious tourist attractions of the Tomb of Shaikhona Kholil Bangkalan is a personal perception based on independent experience.
One of the factors that influence MSE informants in the field of food or culinary in religious tourism places of the Tomb of Shaikhona Kholil Bangkalan perceives that halal certification is important or not important is because of internal factors from perception, one of which is interest. The perception that exists in MSE actors in religious tourist attractions of the Tomb of Shaikhona Kholil Bangkalan is interested in taking care of certification. Several informants say so, including:
“In Sya Allah” (Hadi, 2022)
Based on what was conveyed by Mr. Abdul Hadi that he is interested in taking care of halal certification because as a Muslim, he must consume halal goods and food, otherwise halal is not good. So that with this halal certification, it can make it easier for Muslims to consume halal food.
However, there are also MSE actors in the religious tourist attractions of the Tomb of Shaikhona Kholil Bangkalan who are not interested in taking care of it because there is still a lack of information obtained by MSEs regarding halal certification or halal labels, resulting in them not knowing what is meant by halal certification or the function of halal certification.
CONCLUSION
Based on the results of the analysis that has been described in the previous chapters which refers to the research focus that has been determined. Based on the results of interviews with 15 MSEs in the field of food or culinary at the religious tourism site of the Syaikhona Kholil Bangkalan Tomb, it can be concluded in this study that as many as 6 or 37% of the 15 UMK informants at the religious tourism site of the Syaikhona Kholil Bangkalan Tomb have the perception that halal certification is important, with what was conveyed by Mr. Abdul Hadi that he is interested in taking care of halal certification because as a Muslim he must consume halal goods and food. Meanwhile, with the results of 9 or 63% of the 15 UMK informants at the religious tourism site of the Syaikhona Kholil Bangkalan Cemetery, the perception is that halal certification is not important. One of the reasons that the informants did not take care of halal certification was because they already had customers and many people ordered catering. The results of this study still contain several points that can be developed or continued with more detailed and comprehensive research methods, the scope of tourism objects, as well as the scope of other components of the halal ecosystem to strengthen the halal industry in Indonesia.
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